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函数的限制，直接写函数即可：",[934,1178,1180],{"className":936,"code":1179,"language":938,"meta":939,"style":939},"constexpr unsigned factorial(unsigned n) {\n    unsigned result = 1;\n    for (unsigned i = 2; i \u003C= n; ++i) {\n        result *= i;\n    }\n    return result;\n}\n\nstatic_assert(factorial(5) == 120);\n",[941,1181,1182,1205,1219,1260,1273,1278,1288,1293,1297],{"__ignoreMap":939},[944,1183,1184,1186,1188,1192,1194,1196,1200,1203],{"class":946,"line":947},[944,1185,1175],{"class":950},[944,1187,989],{"class":950},[944,1189,1191],{"class":1190},"s2Zo4"," factorial",[944,1193,1100],{"class":954},[944,1195,958],{"class":950},[944,1197,1199],{"class":1198},"sHdIc"," n",[944,1201,1202],{"class":954},")",[944,1204,977],{"class":954},[944,1206,1207,1210,1213,1215,1217],{"class":946,"line":968},[944,1208,1209],{"class":950},"    unsigned",[944,1211,1212],{"class":1113}," result ",[944,1214,996],{"class":954},[944,1216,1017],{"class":1016},[944,1218,1026],{"class":954},[944,1220,1221,1225,1228,1230,1233,1235,1238,1241,1243,1246,1248,1250,1253,1256,1258],{"class":946,"line":980},[944,1222,1224],{"class":1223},"s7zQu","    for",[944,1226,1227],{"class":954}," (",[944,1229,958],{"class":950},[944,1231,1232],{"class":1113}," i ",[944,1234,996],{"class":954},[944,1236,1237],{"class":1016}," 2",[944,1239,1240],{"class":954},";",[944,1242,1232],{"class":1113},[944,1244,1245],{"class":954},"\u003C=",[944,1247,1199],{"class":1113},[944,1249,1240],{"class":954},[944,1251,1252],{"class":954}," ++",[944,1254,1255],{"class":1113},"i",[944,1257,1202],{"class":954},[944,1259,977],{"class":954},[944,1261,1262,1265,1268,1271],{"class":946,"line":1029},[944,1263,1264],{"class":992},"        result ",[944,1266,1267],{"class":954},"*=",[944,1269,1270],{"class":992}," i",[944,1272,1026],{"class":954},[944,1274,1275],{"class":946,"line":1035},[944,1276,1277],{"class":954},"    }\n",[944,1279,1280,1283,1286],{"class":946,"line":1042},[944,1281,1282],{"class":1223},"    return",[944,1284,1285],{"class":1113}," result",[944,1287,1026],{"class":954},[944,1289,1290],{"class":946,"line":1050},[944,1291,1292],{"class":954},"}\n",[944,1294,1295],{"class":946,"line":1067},[944,1296,1039],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1038},[944,1298,1299,1301,1303,1306,1308,1310,1312,1315,1317],{"class":946,"line":1084},[944,1300,1097],{"class":1016},[944,1302,1100],{"class":954},[944,1304,1305],{"class":1190},"factorial",[944,1307,1100],{"class":954},[944,1309,1108],{"class":1016},[944,1311,1202],{"class":954},[944,1313,1314],{"class":954}," ==",[944,1316,1120],{"class":1016},[944,1318,1123],{"class":954},[918,1320,1321,1322,1324],{},"C++20 更进一步，",[941,1323,1175],{}," 函数甚至可以动态分配内存。",[918,1326,1327,1328,1330],{},"建议优先使用 ",[941,1329,1175],{}," 函数做编译期计算，仅在需要类型推导和条件分支时才用模板递归。",[925,1332,1333],{"id":1333},"编译期分支",[929,1335,1337],{"id":1336},"if-constexpr",[941,1338,1339],{},"if constexpr",[918,1341,1342,1343,1345],{},"C++17 引入的 ",[941,1344,1339],{}," 让编译期分支更简洁：",[934,1347,1349],{"className":936,"code":1348,"language":938,"meta":939,"style":939},"template \u003Ctypename T>\nstd::string toString(const T& x) {\n    if constexpr (std::is_same_v\u003CT, std::string>) {\n        return x;\n    } else if constexpr (std::is_integral_v\u003CT>) {\n        return std::to_string(x);\n    } else {\n        return \"unsupported\";\n    }\n}\n",[941,1350,1351,1365,1396,1432,1441,1471,1489,1497,1513,1517],{"__ignoreMap":939},[944,1352,1353,1355,1357,1360,1363],{"class":946,"line":947},[944,1354,951],{"class":950},[944,1356,955],{"class":954},[944,1358,1359],{"class":950},"typename",[944,1361,1362],{"class":961}," T",[944,1364,965],{"class":954},[944,1366,1367,1370,1373,1376,1379,1381,1384,1386,1389,1392,1394],{"class":946,"line":968},[944,1368,1369],{"class":961},"std",[944,1371,1372],{"class":954},"::",[944,1374,1375],{"class":961},"string",[944,1377,1378],{"class":1190}," toString",[944,1380,1100],{"class":954},[944,1382,1383],{"class":950},"const",[944,1385,1362],{"class":961},[944,1387,1388],{"class":950},"&",[944,1390,1391],{"class":1198}," x",[944,1393,1202],{"class":954},[944,1395,977],{"class":954},[944,1397,1398,1401,1403,1405,1407,1409,1412,1414,1417,1420,1423,1425,1427,1430],{"class":946,"line":980},[944,1399,1400],{"class":1223},"    if",[944,1402,986],{"class":950},[944,1404,1227],{"class":954},[944,1406,1369],{"class":961},[944,1408,1372],{"class":954},[944,1410,1411],{"class":1113},"is_same_v",[944,1413,1007],{"class":954},[944,1415,1416],{"class":1113},"T",[944,1418,1419],{"class":954},",",[944,1421,1422],{"class":961}," std",[944,1424,1372],{"class":954},[944,1426,1375],{"class":1113},[944,1428,1429],{"class":954},">)",[944,1431,977],{"class":954},[944,1433,1434,1437,1439],{"class":946,"line":1029},[944,1435,1436],{"class":1223},"        return",[944,1438,1391],{"class":992},[944,1440,1026],{"class":954},[944,1442,1443,1446,1449,1452,1454,1456,1458,1460,1463,1465,1467,1469],{"class":946,"line":1035},[944,1444,1445],{"class":954},"    }",[944,1447,1448],{"class":1223}," else",[944,1450,1451],{"class":1223}," if",[944,1453,986],{"class":950},[944,1455,1227],{"class":954},[944,1457,1369],{"class":961},[944,1459,1372],{"class":954},[944,1461,1462],{"class":1113},"is_integral_v",[944,1464,1007],{"class":954},[944,1466,1416],{"class":1113},[944,1468,1429],{"class":954},[944,1470,977],{"class":954},[944,1472,1473,1475,1477,1479,1482,1484,1487],{"class":946,"line":1042},[944,1474,1436],{"class":1223},[944,1476,1422],{"class":961},[944,1478,1372],{"class":954},[944,1480,1481],{"class":1190},"to_string",[944,1483,1100],{"class":954},[944,1485,1486],{"class":992},"x",[944,1488,1123],{"class":954},[944,1490,1491,1493,1495],{"class":946,"line":1050},[944,1492,1445],{"class":954},[944,1494,1448],{"class":1223},[944,1496,977],{"class":954},[944,1498,1499,1501,1504,1508,1511],{"class":946,"line":1067},[944,1500,1436],{"class":1223},[944,1502,1503],{"class":954}," \"",[944,1505,1507],{"class":1506},"sfazB","unsupported",[944,1509,1510],{"class":954},"\"",[944,1512,1026],{"class":954},[944,1514,1515],{"class":946,"line":1084},[944,1516,1277],{"class":954},[944,1518,1519],{"class":946,"line":1089},[944,1520,1292],{"class":954},[918,1522,1523],{},"编译器只会实例化满足条件的那个分支，其他分支直接被丢弃。这替代了传统的模板特化和 SFINAE。",[929,1525,1527,1530,1531],{"id":1526},"stdconditional-和-stdenable_if",[941,1528,1529],{},"std::conditional"," 和 ",[941,1532,1533],{},"std::enable_if",[918,1535,1536],{},"C++11\u002F14 常用这些类型萃取工具：",[934,1538,1540],{"className":936,"code":1539,"language":938,"meta":939,"style":939},"\u002F\u002F 根据条件选择类型\ntemplate \u003Cbool B, typename T, typename F>\nusing conditional_t = typename std::conditional\u003CB, T, F>::type;\n\nusing Number = conditional_t\u003Ctrue, int, double>; \u002F\u002F int\n",[941,1541,1542,1548,1576,1616,1620],{"__ignoreMap":939},[944,1543,1544],{"class":946,"line":947},[944,1545,1547],{"class":1546},"sHwdD","\u002F\u002F 根据条件选择类型\n",[944,1549,1550,1552,1554,1557,1560,1562,1565,1567,1569,1571,1574],{"class":946,"line":968},[944,1551,951],{"class":950},[944,1553,955],{"class":954},[944,1555,1556],{"class":950},"bool",[944,1558,1559],{"class":961}," B",[944,1561,1419],{"class":954},[944,1563,1564],{"class":950}," typename",[944,1566,1362],{"class":961},[944,1568,1419],{"class":954},[944,1570,1564],{"class":950},[944,1572,1573],{"class":961}," F",[944,1575,965],{"class":954},[944,1577,1578,1581,1584,1587,1589,1591,1593,1596,1598,1601,1603,1605,1607,1609,1611,1614],{"class":946,"line":980},[944,1579,1580],{"class":1016},"using",[944,1582,1583],{"class":961}," conditional_t",[944,1585,1586],{"class":954}," =",[944,1588,1564],{"class":1016},[944,1590,1422],{"class":961},[944,1592,1372],{"class":954},[944,1594,1595],{"class":961},"conditional",[944,1597,1007],{"class":954},[944,1599,1600],{"class":961},"B",[944,1602,1419],{"class":954},[944,1604,1362],{"class":961},[944,1606,1419],{"class":954},[944,1608,1573],{"class":961},[944,1610,1020],{"class":954},[944,1612,1613],{"class":961},"type",[944,1615,1026],{"class":954},[944,1617,1618],{"class":946,"line":1029},[944,1619,1039],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1038},[944,1621,1622,1624,1627,1629,1631,1634,1637,1639,1642,1645],{"class":946,"line":1035},[944,1623,1580],{"class":1016},[944,1625,1626],{"class":961}," Number",[944,1628,1586],{"class":954},[944,1630,1583],{"class":961},[944,1632,1633],{"class":954},"\u003Ctrue,",[944,1635,1636],{"class":950}," int",[944,1638,1419],{"class":954},[944,1640,1641],{"class":950}," double",[944,1643,1644],{"class":954},">;",[944,1646,1647],{"class":1546}," \u002F\u002F int\n",[918,1649,1650,1651,1653],{},"对于条件存在性的分支，仍需要 ",[941,1652,1533],{},"：",[934,1655,1657],{"className":936,"code":1656,"language":938,"meta":939,"style":939},"template \u003Ctypename T>\nstd::enable_if_t\u003Cstd::is_integral_v\u003CT>, bool> is_odd(T n) {\n    return n % 2 != 0;\n}\n",[941,1658,1659,1671,1713,1733],{"__ignoreMap":939},[944,1660,1661,1663,1665,1667,1669],{"class":946,"line":947},[944,1662,951],{"class":950},[944,1664,955],{"class":954},[944,1666,1359],{"class":950},[944,1668,1362],{"class":961},[944,1670,965],{"class":954},[944,1672,1673,1675,1677,1680,1682,1684,1686,1688,1690,1692,1695,1698,1700,1703,1705,1707,1709,1711],{"class":946,"line":968},[944,1674,1369],{"class":961},[944,1676,1372],{"class":954},[944,1678,1679],{"class":961},"enable_if_t",[944,1681,1007],{"class":954},[944,1683,1369],{"class":961},[944,1685,1372],{"class":954},[944,1687,1462],{"class":961},[944,1689,1007],{"class":954},[944,1691,1416],{"class":961},[944,1693,1694],{"class":954},">,",[944,1696,1697],{"class":950}," bool",[944,1699,1062],{"class":954},[944,1701,1702],{"class":1190}," is_odd",[944,1704,1100],{"class":954},[944,1706,1416],{"class":961},[944,1708,1199],{"class":1198},[944,1710,1202],{"class":954},[944,1712,977],{"class":954},[944,1714,1715,1717,1720,1723,1725,1728,1731],{"class":946,"line":980},[944,1716,1282],{"class":1223},[944,1718,1719],{"class":1113}," n ",[944,1721,1722],{"class":954},"%",[944,1724,1237],{"class":1016},[944,1726,1727],{"class":954}," !=",[944,1729,1730],{"class":1016}," 0",[944,1732,1026],{"class":954},[944,1734,1735],{"class":946,"line":1029},[944,1736,1292],{"class":954},[925,1738,1739],{"id":1739},"类型萃取",[918,1741,1742],{},"模板元编程最常见的用途是萃取类型信息：",[934,1744,1746],{"className":936,"code":1745,"language":938,"meta":939,"style":939},"\u002F\u002F 判断是否为指针类型\ntemplate \u003Ctypename T>\nstruct is_pointer { static constexpr bool value = false; };\n\ntemplate \u003Ctypename T>\nstruct is_pointer\u003CT*> { static constexpr bool value = true; };\n\ntemplate \u003Ctypename T>\nconstexpr bool is_pointer_v = is_pointer\u003CT>::value;\n\nstatic_assert(is_pointer_v\u003Cint*>);\nstatic_assert(!is_pointer_v\u003Cint>);\n",[941,1747,1748,1753,1765,1792,1796,1808,1838,1842,1854,1877,1881,1898],{"__ignoreMap":939},[944,1749,1750],{"class":946,"line":947},[944,1751,1752],{"class":1546},"\u002F\u002F 判断是否为指针类型\n",[944,1754,1755,1757,1759,1761,1763],{"class":946,"line":968},[944,1756,951],{"class":950},[944,1758,955],{"class":954},[944,1760,1359],{"class":950},[944,1762,1362],{"class":961},[944,1764,965],{"class":954},[944,1766,1767,1769,1772,1775,1778,1780,1782,1784,1786,1789],{"class":946,"line":980},[944,1768,971],{"class":950},[944,1770,1771],{"class":961}," is_pointer",[944,1773,1774],{"class":954}," {",[944,1776,1777],{"class":950}," static",[944,1779,986],{"class":950},[944,1781,1697],{"class":950},[944,1783,993],{"class":992},[944,1785,996],{"class":954},[944,1787,1788],{"class":954}," false;",[944,1790,1791],{"class":954}," };\n",[944,1793,1794],{"class":946,"line":1029},[944,1795,1039],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1038},[944,1797,1798,1800,1802,1804,1806],{"class":946,"line":1035},[944,1799,951],{"class":950},[944,1801,955],{"class":954},[944,1803,1359],{"class":950},[944,1805,1362],{"class":961},[944,1807,965],{"class":954},[944,1809,1810,1812,1814,1816,1818,1821,1823,1825,1827,1829,1831,1833,1836],{"class":946,"line":1042},[944,1811,971],{"class":950},[944,1813,1771],{"class":961},[944,1815,1007],{"class":954},[944,1817,1416],{"class":961},[944,1819,1820],{"class":954},"*>",[944,1822,1774],{"class":954},[944,1824,1777],{"class":950},[944,1826,986],{"class":950},[944,1828,1697],{"class":950},[944,1830,993],{"class":992},[944,1832,996],{"class":954},[944,1834,1835],{"class":954}," true;",[944,1837,1791],{"class":954},[944,1839,1840],{"class":946,"line":1050},[944,1841,1039],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1038},[944,1843,1844,1846,1848,1850,1852],{"class":946,"line":1067},[944,1845,951],{"class":950},[944,1847,955],{"class":954},[944,1849,1359],{"class":950},[944,1851,1362],{"class":961},[944,1853,965],{"class":954},[944,1855,1856,1858,1860,1863,1865,1867,1869,1871,1873,1875],{"class":946,"line":1084},[944,1857,1175],{"class":950},[944,1859,1697],{"class":950},[944,1861,1862],{"class":1113}," is_pointer_v ",[944,1864,996],{"class":954},[944,1866,1771],{"class":961},[944,1868,1007],{"class":954},[944,1870,1416],{"class":961},[944,1872,1020],{"class":954},[944,1874,1023],{"class":1113},[944,1876,1026],{"class":954},[944,1878,1879],{"class":946,"line":1089},[944,1880,1039],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1038},[944,1882,1883,1885,1887,1890,1892,1895],{"class":946,"line":1094},[944,1884,1097],{"class":1016},[944,1886,1100],{"class":954},[944,1888,1889],{"class":1113},"is_pointer_v",[944,1891,1007],{"class":954},[944,1893,1894],{"class":950},"int",[944,1896,1897],{"class":954},"*>);\n",[944,1899,1900,1902,1905,1907,1909,1911],{"class":946,"line":1126},[944,1901,1097],{"class":1016},[944,1903,1904],{"class":954},"(!",[944,1906,1889],{"class":1113},[944,1908,1007],{"class":954},[944,1910,1894],{"class":950},[944,1912,1913],{"class":954},">);\n",[918,1915,1916,1917,1920],{},"标准库 ",[941,1918,1919],{},"\u003Ctype_traits>"," 提供了完整的类型萃取工具，包括：",[1922,1923,1924,1941,1953],"ul",{},[1925,1926,1927,1928,1157,1931,1157,1934,1157,1937,1940],"li",{},"类型判断：",[941,1929,1930],{},"is_integral",[941,1932,1933],{},"is_pointer",[941,1935,1936],{},"is_reference",[941,1938,1939],{},"is_const"," 等",[1925,1942,1943,1944,1157,1947,1157,1950,1940],{},"类型转换：",[941,1945,1946],{},"remove_const",[941,1948,1949],{},"remove_pointer",[941,1951,1952],{},"add_lvalue_reference",[1925,1954,1955,1956,1157,1958,1157,1961,1940],{},"条件选择：",[941,1957,1595],{},[941,1959,1960],{},"enable_if",[941,1962,1963],{},"void_t",[925,1965,1966],{"id":1966},"可变参数模板与折叠表达式",[918,1968,1969],{},"C++11 的可变参数模板让元编程更灵活：",[934,1971,1973],{"className":936,"code":1972,"language":938,"meta":939,"style":939},"\u002F\u002F 编译期求和\ntemplate \u003Cauto... Vs>\nconstexpr auto sum = (Vs + ...); \u002F\u002F C++17 折叠表达式\n\nstatic_assert(sum\u003C1, 2, 3, 4, 5> == 15);\n",[941,1974,1975,1980,1997,2026,2030],{"__ignoreMap":939},[944,1976,1977],{"class":946,"line":947},[944,1978,1979],{"class":1546},"\u002F\u002F 编译期求和\n",[944,1981,1982,1984,1986,1989,1992,1995],{"class":946,"line":968},[944,1983,951],{"class":950},[944,1985,955],{"class":954},[944,1987,1988],{"class":950},"auto",[944,1990,1991],{"class":954},"...",[944,1993,1994],{"class":961}," Vs",[944,1996,965],{"class":954},[944,1998,1999,2001,2004,2007,2009,2011,2014,2017,2020,2023],{"class":946,"line":980},[944,2000,1175],{"class":950},[944,2002,2003],{"class":950}," auto",[944,2005,2006],{"class":1113}," sum ",[944,2008,996],{"class":954},[944,2010,1227],{"class":954},[944,2012,2013],{"class":1113},"Vs ",[944,2015,2016],{"class":954},"+",[944,2018,2019],{"class":1113}," ...",[944,2021,2022],{"class":954},");",[944,2024,2025],{"class":1546}," \u002F\u002F C++17 折叠表达式\n",[944,2027,2028],{"class":946,"line":1029},[944,2029,1039],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1038},[944,2031,2032,2034,2036,2039,2041,2044,2046,2049],{"class":946,"line":1035},[944,2033,1097],{"class":1016},[944,2035,1100],{"class":954},[944,2037,2038],{"class":1113},"sum",[944,2040,1007],{"class":954},[944,2042,2043],{"class":1016},"1",[944,2045,1419],{"class":954},[944,2047,2048],{"class":1113}," 2, 3, 4, 5> == 15",[944,2050,1123],{"class":954},[918,2052,2053],{},"C++17 的折叠表达式让参数包处理更简洁：",[934,2055,2057],{"className":936,"code":2056,"language":938,"meta":939,"style":939},"\u002F\u002F 编译期打印所有参数\ntemplate \u003Ctypename... Args>\nvoid printAll(const Args&... args) {\n    (std::cout \u003C\u003C ... \u003C\u003C args) \u003C\u003C '\\n';\n}\n",[941,2058,2059,2064,2079,2104,2142],{"__ignoreMap":939},[944,2060,2061],{"class":946,"line":947},[944,2062,2063],{"class":1546},"\u002F\u002F 编译期打印所有参数\n",[944,2065,2066,2068,2070,2072,2074,2077],{"class":946,"line":968},[944,2067,951],{"class":950},[944,2069,955],{"class":954},[944,2071,1359],{"class":950},[944,2073,1991],{"class":954},[944,2075,2076],{"class":961}," Args",[944,2078,965],{"class":954},[944,2080,2081,2084,2087,2089,2091,2093,2095,2097,2100,2102],{"class":946,"line":980},[944,2082,2083],{"class":950},"void",[944,2085,2086],{"class":1190}," printAll",[944,2088,1100],{"class":954},[944,2090,1383],{"class":950},[944,2092,2076],{"class":961},[944,2094,1388],{"class":950},[944,2096,1991],{"class":954},[944,2098,2099],{"class":1198}," args",[944,2101,1202],{"class":954},[944,2103,977],{"class":954},[944,2105,2106,2109,2111,2113,2116,2119,2122,2124,2126,2128,2131,2134,2137,2140],{"class":946,"line":1029},[944,2107,2108],{"class":954},"    (",[944,2110,1369],{"class":961},[944,2112,1372],{"class":954},[944,2114,2115],{"class":1113},"cout ",[944,2117,2118],{"class":954},"\u003C\u003C",[944,2120,2121],{"class":1113}," ... ",[944,2123,2118],{"class":954},[944,2125,2099],{"class":1113},[944,2127,1202],{"class":954},[944,2129,2130],{"class":954}," \u003C\u003C",[944,2132,2133],{"class":954}," '",[944,2135,2136],{"class":1113},"\\n",[944,2138,2139],{"class":954},"'",[944,2141,1026],{"class":954},[944,2143,2144],{"class":946,"line":1035},[944,2145,1292],{"class":954},[925,2147,93],{"id":93},[918,2149,2150,2151,2154],{},"模板元编程的核心思想是：",[921,2152,2153],{},"把计算从运行时转移到编译期","。",[918,2156,2157],{},"现代 C++ 中，优先使用：",[1922,2159,2160,2165,2170,2173],{},[1925,2161,2162,2164],{},[941,2163,1175],{}," 函数做编译期计算",[1925,2166,2167,2169],{},[941,2168,1339],{}," 做编译期分支",[1925,2171,2172],{},"概念做模板参数约束",[1925,2174,1916,2175,2177],{},[941,2176,1919],{}," 做类型萃取",[918,2179,2180],{},"模板递归和 SFINAE 仅在必要时使用。",[2182,2183,2184],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki .spNyl{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki .sBMFI{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}html pre.shiki code .swJcz, html code.shiki .swJcz{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#F07178;--shiki-dark:#F07178}html pre.shiki code .sbssI, html code.shiki .sbssI{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#F78C6C;--shiki-dark:#F78C6C}html pre.shiki code .sTEyZ, html code.shiki .sTEyZ{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-dark:#BABED8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2Zo4, html code.shiki .s2Zo4{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#82AAFF;--shiki-dark:#82AAFF}html pre.shiki code .sHdIc, html code.shiki .sHdIc{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#BABED8;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s7zQu, html code.shiki .s7zQu{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html pre.shiki code .sHwdD, html code.shiki .sHwdD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#546E7A;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#676E95;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":939,"searchDepth":947,"depth":968,"links":2186},[2187,2191,2196,2197,2198],{"id":927,"depth":968,"text":927,"children":2188},[2189,2190],{"id":931,"depth":980,"text":932},{"id":1168,"depth":980,"text":1169},{"id":1333,"depth":968,"text":1333,"children":2192},[2193,2194],{"id":1336,"depth":980,"text":1339},{"id":1526,"depth":980,"text":2195},"std::conditional 和 std::enable_if",{"id":1739,"depth":968,"text":1739},{"id":1966,"depth":968,"text":1966},{"id":93,"depth":968,"text":93},"模板元编程（Template Metaprogramming，TMP）是一种利用模板在编译期进行计算和代码生成的技术。它把模板参数当作\"输入\"，把实例化结果当作\"输出\"。","md",null,{},{"title":878,"description":2199},"DqImTDQmRKgcF-IEAT9R6A5-GRhQwzmWAXuO-B9N4oM",[2206,2208],{"title":874,"path":875,"stem":876,"description":2207,"children":-1},"概念（Concepts）是 C++20 引入的语法，用于在编译期对模板参数施加约束。它让模板接口更清晰、错误信息更友好、重载选择更精确。",{"title":882,"path":883,"stem":884,"description":2209,"children":-1},"模板特化（Template specialization）是指为模板参数提供一套专门的实现。它分为两种：",1784618109803]