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",[922,1166,1167],{},"rg::greater{}"," 即可从大到小排了！",[940,1170,1172],{"className":942,"code":1171,"language":944,"meta":945,"style":945},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Calgorithm>\nnamespace rg = std::ranges;\n\nint main() {\n    int a[]{4, 1, 6, 2};\n    rg::sort(a, rg::greater{});\n    for (auto i : a) {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C i \u003C\u003C ' ';\n    }\n}\n",[922,1173,1174,1184,1194,1210,1214,1224,1248,1272,1290,1310,1314],{"__ignoreMap":945},[949,1175,1176,1178,1180,1182],{"class":951,"line":952},[949,1177,956],{"class":955},[949,1179,960],{"class":959},[949,1181,964],{"class":963},[949,1183,967],{"class":959},[949,1185,1186,1188,1190,1192],{"class":951,"line":970},[949,1187,956],{"class":955},[949,1189,960],{"class":959},[949,1191,977],{"class":963},[949,1193,967],{"class":959},[949,1195,1196,1198,1200,1202,1204,1206,1208],{"class":951,"line":982},[949,1197,986],{"class":985},[949,1199,990],{"class":989},[949,1201,993],{"class":959},[949,1203,996],{"class":989},[949,1205,999],{"class":959},[949,1207,1002],{"class":989},[949,1209,1005],{"class":959},[949,1211,1212],{"class":951,"line":1008},[949,1213,1012],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1011},[949,1215,1216,1218,1220,1222],{"class":951,"line":1015},[949,1217,1018],{"class":985},[949,1219,1022],{"class":1021},[949,1221,1025],{"class":959},[949,1223,1028],{"class":959},[949,1225,1226,1228,1230,1232,1234,1236,1238,1240,1242,1244,1246],{"class":951,"line":1031},[949,1227,1034],{"class":985},[949,1229,1038],{"class":1037},[949,1231,1041],{"class":959},[949,1233,1045],{"class":1044},[949,1235,1048],{"class":959},[949,1237,1051],{"class":1044},[949,1239,1048],{"class":959},[949,1241,1056],{"class":1044},[949,1243,1048],{"class":959},[949,1245,1061],{"class":1044},[949,1247,1064],{"class":959},[949,1249,1250,1252,1254,1256,1258,1260,1262,1264,1266,1269],{"class":951,"line":1067},[949,1251,1070],{"class":989},[949,1253,999],{"class":959},[949,1255,1075],{"class":1021},[949,1257,1078],{"class":959},[949,1259,1081],{"class":1037},[949,1261,1048],{"class":959},[949,1263,990],{"class":989},[949,1265,999],{"class":959},[949,1267,1268],{"class":1037},"greater{}",[949,1270,1271],{"class":959},");\n",[949,1273,1274,1276,1278,1280,1282,1284,1286,1288],{"class":951,"line":1100},[949,1275,1103],{"class":955},[949,1277,1106],{"class":959},[949,1279,1109],{"class":985},[949,1281,1112],{"class":1037},[949,1283,1115],{"class":959},[949,1285,1118],{"class":1037},[949,1287,1121],{"class":959},[949,1289,1028],{"class":959},[949,1291,1292,1294,1296,1298,1300,1302,1304,1306,1308],{"class":951,"line":1126},[949,1293,1129],{"class":989},[949,1295,999],{"class":959},[949,1297,1135],{"class":1134},[949,1299,1138],{"class":959},[949,1301,1112],{"class":1134},[949,1303,1138],{"class":959},[949,1305,1145],{"class":959},[949,1307,1145],{"class":959},[949,1309,1005],{"class":959},[949,1311,1312],{"class":951,"line":1152},[949,1313,1155],{"class":959},[949,1315,1316],{"class":951,"line":1158},[949,1317,1161],{"class":959},[1319,1320,1322],"h2",{"id":1321},"这个第二实参到底是什么","这个“第二实参”到底是什么？",[918,1324,1325,1326,1329,1330,1333,1334,1337],{},"其实，",[922,1327,1328],{},"rg::less"," 和 ",[922,1331,1332],{},"rg::greater"," 是两个类，而它们的对象都重载了 ",[922,1335,1336],{},"operator()","。大约就是类似下面这种：",[940,1339,1341],{"className":942,"code":1340,"language":944,"meta":945,"style":945},"struct less {\n    bool operator()(auto a, auto b) const {\n        return a \u003C b;\n    }\n};\nstruct greater {\n    bool operator()(auto a, auto b) const {\n        return a > b;\n    }\n}\n",[922,1342,1343,1353,1385,1400,1404,1408,1417,1443,1456,1460],{"__ignoreMap":945},[949,1344,1345,1348,1351],{"class":951,"line":952},[949,1346,1347],{"class":985},"struct",[949,1349,1350],{"class":989}," less",[949,1352,1028],{"class":959},[949,1354,1355,1358,1361,1363,1365,1367,1370,1372,1375,1378,1380,1383],{"class":951,"line":970},[949,1356,1357],{"class":985},"    bool",[949,1359,1360],{"class":1044}," operator",[949,1362,1025],{"class":989},[949,1364,1078],{"class":959},[949,1366,1109],{"class":985},[949,1368,1118],{"class":1369},"sHdIc",[949,1371,1048],{"class":959},[949,1373,1374],{"class":985}," auto",[949,1376,1377],{"class":1369}," b",[949,1379,1121],{"class":959},[949,1381,1382],{"class":985}," const",[949,1384,1028],{"class":959},[949,1386,1387,1390,1393,1396,1398],{"class":951,"line":982},[949,1388,1389],{"class":955},"        return",[949,1391,1392],{"class":1134}," a ",[949,1394,1395],{"class":959},"\u003C",[949,1397,1377],{"class":1134},[949,1399,1005],{"class":959},[949,1401,1402],{"class":951,"line":1008},[949,1403,1155],{"class":959},[949,1405,1406],{"class":951,"line":1015},[949,1407,1064],{"class":959},[949,1409,1410,1412,1415],{"class":951,"line":1031},[949,1411,1347],{"class":985},[949,1413,1414],{"class":989}," greater",[949,1416,1028],{"class":959},[949,1418,1419,1421,1423,1425,1427,1429,1431,1433,1435,1437,1439,1441],{"class":951,"line":1067},[949,1420,1357],{"class":985},[949,1422,1360],{"class":1044},[949,1424,1025],{"class":989},[949,1426,1078],{"class":959},[949,1428,1109],{"class":985},[949,1430,1118],{"class":1369},[949,1432,1048],{"class":959},[949,1434,1374],{"class":985},[949,1436,1377],{"class":1369},[949,1438,1121],{"class":959},[949,1440,1382],{"class":985},[949,1442,1028],{"class":959},[949,1444,1445,1447,1449,1452,1454],{"class":951,"line":1100},[949,1446,1389],{"class":955},[949,1448,1392],{"class":1134},[949,1450,1451],{"class":959},">",[949,1453,1377],{"class":1134},[949,1455,1005],{"class":959},[949,1457,1458],{"class":951,"line":1126},[949,1459,1155],{"class":959},[949,1461,1462],{"class":951,"line":1152},[949,1463,1161],{"class":959},[918,1465,1466,1467,1329,1469,1471],{},"也就是说，",[922,1468,937],{},[922,1470,1167],{}," 是两个“函数对象”——我们之前提到的相关语法在这里出现了：你可以直接在这里使用一个 Lambda 表达式，效果相同：",[940,1473,1475],{"className":942,"code":1474,"language":944,"meta":945,"style":945},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Calgorithm>\nnamespace rg = std::ranges;\n\nint main() {\n    int a[]{4, 1, 6, 2};\n    rg::sort(a, [](\u002Fint a, int b) {\n        return a > b;\n    }); \u002F\u002F 从大到小排\n    for (auto i : a) {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C i \u003C\u003C ' ';\n    }\n}\n",[922,1476,1477,1487,1497,1513,1517,1527,1551,1586,1598,1606,1624,1644,1649],{"__ignoreMap":945},[949,1478,1479,1481,1483,1485],{"class":951,"line":952},[949,1480,956],{"class":955},[949,1482,960],{"class":959},[949,1484,964],{"class":963},[949,1486,967],{"class":959},[949,1488,1489,1491,1493,1495],{"class":951,"line":970},[949,1490,956],{"class":955},[949,1492,960],{"class":959},[949,1494,977],{"class":963},[949,1496,967],{"class":959},[949,1498,1499,1501,1503,1505,1507,1509,1511],{"class":951,"line":982},[949,1500,986],{"class":985},[949,1502,990],{"class":989},[949,1504,993],{"class":959},[949,1506,996],{"class":989},[949,1508,999],{"class":959},[949,1510,1002],{"class":989},[949,1512,1005],{"class":959},[949,1514,1515],{"class":951,"line":1008},[949,1516,1012],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1011},[949,1518,1519,1521,1523,1525],{"class":951,"line":1015},[949,1520,1018],{"class":985},[949,1522,1022],{"class":1021},[949,1524,1025],{"class":959},[949,1526,1028],{"class":959},[949,1528,1529,1531,1533,1535,1537,1539,1541,1543,1545,1547,1549],{"class":951,"line":1031},[949,1530,1034],{"class":985},[949,1532,1038],{"class":1037},[949,1534,1041],{"class":959},[949,1536,1045],{"class":1044},[949,1538,1048],{"class":959},[949,1540,1051],{"class":1044},[949,1542,1048],{"class":959},[949,1544,1056],{"class":1044},[949,1546,1048],{"class":959},[949,1548,1061],{"class":1044},[949,1550,1064],{"class":959},[949,1552,1553,1555,1557,1559,1561,1563,1565,1568,1571,1573,1575,1577,1580,1582,1584],{"class":951,"line":1067},[949,1554,1070],{"class":989},[949,1556,999],{"class":959},[949,1558,1075],{"class":1021},[949,1560,1078],{"class":959},[949,1562,1081],{"class":1037},[949,1564,1048],{"class":959},[949,1566,1567],{"class":959}," [](",[949,1569,1570],{"class":1037},"\u002F",[949,1572,1018],{"class":985},[949,1574,1118],{"class":1369},[949,1576,1048],{"class":959},[949,1578,1579],{"class":985}," int",[949,1581,1377],{"class":1369},[949,1583,1121],{"class":959},[949,1585,1028],{"class":959},[949,1587,1588,1590,1592,1594,1596],{"class":951,"line":1100},[949,1589,1389],{"class":955},[949,1591,1392],{"class":1037},[949,1593,1451],{"class":959},[949,1595,1377],{"class":1037},[949,1597,1005],{"class":959},[949,1599,1600,1603],{"class":951,"line":1126},[949,1601,1602],{"class":959},"    });",[949,1604,1605],{"class":1096}," \u002F\u002F 从大到小排\n",[949,1607,1608,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620,1622],{"class":951,"line":1152},[949,1609,1103],{"class":955},[949,1611,1106],{"class":959},[949,1613,1109],{"class":985},[949,1615,1112],{"class":1037},[949,1617,1115],{"class":959},[949,1619,1118],{"class":1037},[949,1621,1121],{"class":959},[949,1623,1028],{"class":959},[949,1625,1626,1628,1630,1632,1634,1636,1638,1640,1642],{"class":951,"line":1158},[949,1627,1129],{"class":989},[949,1629,999],{"class":959},[949,1631,1135],{"class":1134},[949,1633,1138],{"class":959},[949,1635,1112],{"class":1134},[949,1637,1138],{"class":959},[949,1639,1145],{"class":959},[949,1641,1145],{"class":959},[949,1643,1005],{"class":959},[949,1645,1647],{"class":951,"line":1646},12,[949,1648,1155],{"class":959},[949,1650,1652],{"class":951,"line":1651},13,[949,1653,1161],{"class":959},[918,1655,1656,1657,1660,1661,1663,1664,1667,1668,1670],{},"但为什么传入一个 ",[922,1658,1659],{},"return a \u003C b"," 的函数对象就让 ",[922,1662,924],{}," 从小到大排；反之传入 ",[922,1665,1666],{},"a > b"," 就是从大到小呢？这里，需要稍微解释 ",[922,1669,924],{}," 的工作流程：",[918,1672,1673,1675,1676,1678,1679,1681,1682,1685,1686,1688,1689,1691],{},[922,1674,924],{}," 基于元素的交换来排序。默认情况下（也就是传入 ",[922,1677,937],{}," 时），如果“元素 ",[922,1680,1081],{}," 小于元素 ",[922,1683,1684],{},"b","”则将 ",[922,1687,1081],{}," 排到 ",[922,1690,1684],{}," 前面。当不停地交换到任意两个元素都符合该先后顺序时，整个序列就从小到大排好了。",[918,1693,1694,1695,1698,1699,1702,1703,1688,1705,1707,1708,1710,1711,1714,1715,1718,1719,1722,1723,1725,1726,1728,1729,1731,1732,1735,1736,1738,1739,1741,1742,1744],{},"为了让排序算法更通用，刚才引号引起的部分被更广泛的解释为：设传入的第二参数为 ",[922,1696,1697],{},"comp","，若 ",[922,1700,1701],{},"comp(a, b)","，则将 ",[922,1704,1081],{},[922,1706,1684],{}," 前面。比如传入默认实参 ",[922,1709,937],{},"，",[922,1712,1713],{},"rg::less{}(a, b)"," 返回 ",[922,1716,1717],{},"true"," 就等价于 ",[922,1720,1721],{},"a \u003C b","。于是，",[922,1724,1721],{}," 时就会将 ",[922,1727,1081],{}," 排在 ",[922,1730,1684],{}," 前面。类似地，",[922,1733,1734],{},"rg::greater{}(a, b)"," 等价于 ",[922,1737,1666],{},"，即 ",[922,1740,1666],{}," 时将 ",[922,1743,1081],{}," 排在前面：总的下来就是从大到小的顺序了。",[1319,1746,1747],{"id":1747},"结构体的比较",[918,1749,1750,1751,1753],{},"一般来说，如果这个容器\u002F数组里的对象定义了比较运算符，那么它就可以传入到 ",[922,1752,924],{}," 里排序，并用可选的“第二实参”控制升序或者降序。但如果这个对象没有定义比较运算符怎么办？",[940,1755,1757],{"className":942,"code":1756,"language":944,"meta":945,"style":945},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Calgorithm>\nnamespace rg = std::ranges;\n\nstruct Coord {\n    int x, y;\n};\nint main() {\n    Coord a[]{{3, 1}, {2, 4}, {0, 5}};\n    rg::sort(a); \u002F\u002F 报错：未定义比较运算符\n}\n",[922,1758,1759,1769,1779,1795,1799,1808,1822,1826,1836,1880,1897],{"__ignoreMap":945},[949,1760,1761,1763,1765,1767],{"class":951,"line":952},[949,1762,956],{"class":955},[949,1764,960],{"class":959},[949,1766,964],{"class":963},[949,1768,967],{"class":959},[949,1770,1771,1773,1775,1777],{"class":951,"line":970},[949,1772,956],{"class":955},[949,1774,960],{"class":959},[949,1776,977],{"class":963},[949,1778,967],{"class":959},[949,1780,1781,1783,1785,1787,1789,1791,1793],{"class":951,"line":982},[949,1782,986],{"class":985},[949,1784,990],{"class":989},[949,1786,993],{"class":959},[949,1788,996],{"class":989},[949,1790,999],{"class":959},[949,1792,1002],{"class":989},[949,1794,1005],{"class":959},[949,1796,1797],{"class":951,"line":1008},[949,1798,1012],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1011},[949,1800,1801,1803,1806],{"class":951,"line":1015},[949,1802,1347],{"class":985},[949,1804,1805],{"class":989}," Coord",[949,1807,1028],{"class":959},[949,1809,1810,1812,1815,1817,1820],{"class":951,"line":1031},[949,1811,1034],{"class":985},[949,1813,1814],{"class":1134}," x",[949,1816,1048],{"class":959},[949,1818,1819],{"class":1134}," y",[949,1821,1005],{"class":959},[949,1823,1824],{"class":951,"line":1067},[949,1825,1064],{"class":959},[949,1827,1828,1830,1832,1834],{"class":951,"line":1100},[949,1829,1018],{"class":985},[949,1831,1022],{"class":1021},[949,1833,1025],{"class":959},[949,1835,1028],{"class":959},[949,1837,1838,1841,1844,1847,1849,1851,1854,1857,1860,1862,1865,1867,1869,1872,1874,1877],{"class":951,"line":1126},[949,1839,1840],{"class":1037},"    Coord a[]",[949,1842,1843],{"class":959},"{{",[949,1845,1846],{"class":1044},"3",[949,1848,1048],{"class":959},[949,1850,1051],{"class":1044},[949,1852,1853],{"class":959},"},",[949,1855,1856],{"class":959}," {",[949,1858,1859],{"class":1044},"2",[949,1861,1048],{"class":959},[949,1863,1864],{"class":1044}," 4",[949,1866,1853],{"class":959},[949,1868,1856],{"class":959},[949,1870,1871],{"class":1044},"0",[949,1873,1048],{"class":959},[949,1875,1876],{"class":1044}," 5",[949,1878,1879],{"class":959},"}};\n",[949,1881,1882,1884,1886,1888,1890,1892,1894],{"class":951,"line":1152},[949,1883,1070],{"class":989},[949,1885,999],{"class":959},[949,1887,1075],{"class":1021},[949,1889,1078],{"class":959},[949,1891,1081],{"class":1037},[949,1893,1093],{"class":959},[949,1895,1896],{"class":1096}," \u002F\u002F 报错：未定义比较运算符\n",[949,1898,1899],{"class":951,"line":1158},[949,1900,1161],{"class":959},[918,1902,1903,1904,1907],{},"有两种解决方法，一是给出比较运算符的定义，参考",[1081,1905,1906],{"href":792},"之后的章节","；二就是用自定义的函数对象担当“第二参数”来比较：",[940,1909,1911],{"className":942,"code":1910,"language":944,"meta":945,"style":945},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Calgorithm>\nnamespace rg = std::ranges;\n\nstruct Coord {\n    int x, y;\n};\nint main() {\n    Coord a[]{{3, 1}, {2, 4}, {0, 5}};\n    rg::sort(a, [](\u002Fconst Coord& a, const Coord& b) {\n        return a.x \u003C b.x;\n    }); \u002F\u002F x 成员比较小的排在前面\n    for (const auto& i : a) {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C \"(\" \u003C\u003C i.x \u003C\u003C \", \" \u003C\u003C i.y \u003C\u003C \") \";\n    }\n}\n",[922,1912,1913,1923,1933,1949,1953,1961,1973,1977,1987,2021,2063,2086,2093,2115,2173,2178],{"__ignoreMap":945},[949,1914,1915,1917,1919,1921],{"class":951,"line":952},[949,1916,956],{"class":955},[949,1918,960],{"class":959},[949,1920,964],{"class":963},[949,1922,967],{"class":959},[949,1924,1925,1927,1929,1931],{"class":951,"line":970},[949,1926,956],{"class":955},[949,1928,960],{"class":959},[949,1930,977],{"class":963},[949,1932,967],{"class":959},[949,1934,1935,1937,1939,1941,1943,1945,1947],{"class":951,"line":982},[949,1936,986],{"class":985},[949,1938,990],{"class":989},[949,1940,993],{"class":959},[949,1942,996],{"class":989},[949,1944,999],{"class":959},[949,1946,1002],{"class":989},[949,1948,1005],{"class":959},[949,1950,1951],{"class":951,"line":1008},[949,1952,1012],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1011},[949,1954,1955,1957,1959],{"class":951,"line":1015},[949,1956,1347],{"class":985},[949,1958,1805],{"class":989},[949,1960,1028],{"class":959},[949,1962,1963,1965,1967,1969,1971],{"class":951,"line":1031},[949,1964,1034],{"class":985},[949,1966,1814],{"class":1134},[949,1968,1048],{"class":959},[949,1970,1819],{"class":1134},[949,1972,1005],{"class":959},[949,1974,1975],{"class":951,"line":1067},[949,1976,1064],{"class":959},[949,1978,1979,1981,1983,1985],{"class":951,"line":1100},[949,1980,1018],{"class":985},[949,1982,1022],{"class":1021},[949,1984,1025],{"class":959},[949,1986,1028],{"class":959},[949,1988,1989,1991,1993,1995,1997,1999,2001,2003,2005,2007,2009,2011,2013,2015,2017,2019],{"class":951,"line":1126},[949,1990,1840],{"class":1037},[949,1992,1843],{"class":959},[949,1994,1846],{"class":1044},[949,1996,1048],{"class":959},[949,1998,1051],{"class":1044},[949,2000,1853],{"class":959},[949,2002,1856],{"class":959},[949,2004,1859],{"class":1044},[949,2006,1048],{"class":959},[949,2008,1864],{"class":1044},[949,2010,1853],{"class":959},[949,2012,1856],{"class":959},[949,2014,1871],{"class":1044},[949,2016,1048],{"class":959},[949,2018,1876],{"class":1044},[949,2020,1879],{"class":959},[949,2022,2023,2025,2027,2029,2031,2033,2035,2037,2039,2042,2044,2047,2049,2051,2053,2055,2057,2059,2061],{"class":951,"line":1152},[949,2024,1070],{"class":989},[949,2026,999],{"class":959},[949,2028,1075],{"class":1021},[949,2030,1078],{"class":959},[949,2032,1081],{"class":1037},[949,2034,1048],{"class":959},[949,2036,1567],{"class":959},[949,2038,1570],{"class":1037},[949,2040,2041],{"class":985},"const",[949,2043,1805],{"class":989},[949,2045,2046],{"class":985},"&",[949,2048,1118],{"class":1369},[949,2050,1048],{"class":959},[949,2052,1382],{"class":985},[949,2054,1805],{"class":989},[949,2056,2046],{"class":985},[949,2058,1377],{"class":1369},[949,2060,1121],{"class":959},[949,2062,1028],{"class":959},[949,2064,2065,2067,2069,2072,2075,2077,2079,2081,2084],{"class":951,"line":1158},[949,2066,1389],{"class":955},[949,2068,1118],{"class":1037},[949,2070,2071],{"class":959},".",[949,2073,2074],{"class":1037},"x ",[949,2076,1395],{"class":959},[949,2078,1377],{"class":1037},[949,2080,2071],{"class":959},[949,2082,2083],{"class":1037},"x",[949,2085,1005],{"class":959},[949,2087,2088,2090],{"class":951,"line":1646},[949,2089,1602],{"class":959},[949,2091,2092],{"class":1096}," \u002F\u002F x 成员比较小的排在前面\n",[949,2094,2095,2097,2099,2101,2103,2105,2107,2109,2111,2113],{"class":951,"line":1651},[949,2096,1103],{"class":955},[949,2098,1106],{"class":959},[949,2100,2041],{"class":985},[949,2102,1374],{"class":985},[949,2104,2046],{"class":959},[949,2106,1112],{"class":1037},[949,2108,1115],{"class":959},[949,2110,1118],{"class":1037},[949,2112,1121],{"class":959},[949,2114,1028],{"class":959},[949,2116,2118,2120,2122,2124,2126,2129,2131,2134,2137,2140,2142,2144,2146,2148,2151,2153,2155,2157,2159,2162,2164,2166,2169,2171],{"class":951,"line":2117},14,[949,2119,1129],{"class":989},[949,2121,999],{"class":959},[949,2123,1135],{"class":1134},[949,2125,1138],{"class":959},[949,2127,2128],{"class":959}," \"",[949,2130,1078],{"class":963},[949,2132,2133],{"class":959},"\"",[949,2135,2136],{"class":959}," \u003C\u003C",[949,2138,2139],{"class":1037}," i",[949,2141,2071],{"class":959},[949,2143,2083],{"class":1037},[949,2145,2136],{"class":959},[949,2147,2128],{"class":959},[949,2149,2150],{"class":963},", ",[949,2152,2133],{"class":959},[949,2154,2136],{"class":959},[949,2156,2139],{"class":1037},[949,2158,2071],{"class":959},[949,2160,2161],{"class":1037},"y",[949,2163,2136],{"class":959},[949,2165,2128],{"class":959},[949,2167,2168],{"class":963},") ",[949,2170,2133],{"class":959},[949,2172,1005],{"class":959},[949,2174,2176],{"class":951,"line":2175},15,[949,2177,1155],{"class":959},[949,2179,2181],{"class":951,"line":2180},16,[949,2182,1161],{"class":959},[2184,2185,2186],"h3",{"id":2186},"稳定排序与不稳定排序",[918,2188,2189,2191],{},[922,2190,924],{}," 是不稳定排序。所谓的不稳定是指，如果两个元素在比较时被认为是相等的，则它们出现的顺序是任意的。而稳定排序中，两个相等元素的相对顺序总保持和最初一致。",[918,2193,2194],{},"这在结构体排序中需要注意。比如下面的代码：",[940,2196,2198],{"className":942,"code":2197,"language":944,"meta":945,"style":945},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Calgorithm>\nnamespace rg = std::ranges;\n\nstruct Coord {\n    int x, y;\n};\nint main() {\n    Coord a[]{{1, 5}, {0, 3}, {0, 1}};\n    rg::sort(a, [](\u002Fconst Coord& a, const Coord& b) {\n        return a.x \u003C b.x;\n    }); \u002F\u002F x 成员升序排列\n    for (const auto& i : a) {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C \"(\" \u003C\u003C i.x \u003C\u003C \", \" \u003C\u003C i.y \u003C\u003C \") \";\n    }\n}\n",[922,2199,2200,2210,2220,2236,2240,2248,2260,2264,2274,2310,2350,2370,2377,2399,2449,2453],{"__ignoreMap":945},[949,2201,2202,2204,2206,2208],{"class":951,"line":952},[949,2203,956],{"class":955},[949,2205,960],{"class":959},[949,2207,964],{"class":963},[949,2209,967],{"class":959},[949,2211,2212,2214,2216,2218],{"class":951,"line":970},[949,2213,956],{"class":955},[949,2215,960],{"class":959},[949,2217,977],{"class":963},[949,2219,967],{"class":959},[949,2221,2222,2224,2226,2228,2230,2232,2234],{"class":951,"line":982},[949,2223,986],{"class":985},[949,2225,990],{"class":989},[949,2227,993],{"class":959},[949,2229,996],{"class":989},[949,2231,999],{"class":959},[949,2233,1002],{"class":989},[949,2235,1005],{"class":959},[949,2237,2238],{"class":951,"line":1008},[949,2239,1012],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1011},[949,2241,2242,2244,2246],{"class":951,"line":1015},[949,2243,1347],{"class":985},[949,2245,1805],{"class":989},[949,2247,1028],{"class":959},[949,2249,2250,2252,2254,2256,2258],{"class":951,"line":1031},[949,2251,1034],{"class":985},[949,2253,1814],{"class":1134},[949,2255,1048],{"class":959},[949,2257,1819],{"class":1134},[949,2259,1005],{"class":959},[949,2261,2262],{"class":951,"line":1067},[949,2263,1064],{"class":959},[949,2265,2266,2268,2270,2272],{"class":951,"line":1100},[949,2267,1018],{"class":985},[949,2269,1022],{"class":1021},[949,2271,1025],{"class":959},[949,2273,1028],{"class":959},[949,2275,2276,2278,2280,2283,2285,2287,2289,2291,2293,2295,2298,2300,2302,2304,2306,2308],{"class":951,"line":1126},[949,2277,1840],{"class":1037},[949,2279,1843],{"class":959},[949,2281,2282],{"class":1044},"1",[949,2284,1048],{"class":959},[949,2286,1876],{"class":1044},[949,2288,1853],{"class":959},[949,2290,1856],{"class":959},[949,2292,1871],{"class":1044},[949,2294,1048],{"class":959},[949,2296,2297],{"class":1044}," 3",[949,2299,1853],{"class":959},[949,2301,1856],{"class":959},[949,2303,1871],{"class":1044},[949,2305,1048],{"class":959},[949,2307,1051],{"class":1044},[949,2309,1879],{"class":959},[949,2311,2312,2314,2316,2318,2320,2322,2324,2326,2328,2330,2332,2334,2336,2338,2340,2342,2344,2346,2348],{"class":951,"line":1152},[949,2313,1070],{"class":989},[949,2315,999],{"class":959},[949,2317,1075],{"class":1021},[949,2319,1078],{"class":959},[949,2321,1081],{"class":1037},[949,2323,1048],{"class":959},[949,2325,1567],{"class":959},[949,2327,1570],{"class":1037},[949,2329,2041],{"class":985},[949,2331,1805],{"class":989},[949,2333,2046],{"class":985},[949,2335,1118],{"class":1369},[949,2337,1048],{"class":959},[949,2339,1382],{"class":985},[949,2341,1805],{"class":989},[949,2343,2046],{"class":985},[949,2345,1377],{"class":1369},[949,2347,1121],{"class":959},[949,2349,1028],{"class":959},[949,2351,2352,2354,2356,2358,2360,2362,2364,2366,2368],{"class":951,"line":1158},[949,2353,1389],{"class":955},[949,2355,1118],{"class":1037},[949,2357,2071],{"class":959},[949,2359,2074],{"class":1037},[949,2361,1395],{"class":959},[949,2363,1377],{"class":1037},[949,2365,2071],{"class":959},[949,2367,2083],{"class":1037},[949,2369,1005],{"class":959},[949,2371,2372,2374],{"class":951,"line":1646},[949,2373,1602],{"class":959},[949,2375,2376],{"class":1096}," \u002F\u002F x 成员升序排列\n",[949,2378,2379,2381,2383,2385,2387,2389,2391,2393,2395,2397],{"class":951,"line":1651},[949,2380,1103],{"class":955},[949,2382,1106],{"class":959},[949,2384,2041],{"class":985},[949,2386,1374],{"class":985},[949,2388,2046],{"class":959},[949,2390,1112],{"class":1037},[949,2392,1115],{"class":959},[949,2394,1118],{"class":1037},[949,2396,1121],{"class":959},[949,2398,1028],{"class":959},[949,2400,2401,2403,2405,2407,2409,2411,2413,2415,2417,2419,2421,2423,2425,2427,2429,2431,2433,2435,2437,2439,2441,2443,2445,2447],{"class":951,"line":2117},[949,2402,1129],{"class":989},[949,2404,999],{"class":959},[949,2406,1135],{"class":1134},[949,2408,1138],{"class":959},[949,2410,2128],{"class":959},[949,2412,1078],{"class":963},[949,2414,2133],{"class":959},[949,2416,2136],{"class":959},[949,2418,2139],{"class":1037},[949,2420,2071],{"class":959},[949,2422,2083],{"class":1037},[949,2424,2136],{"class":959},[949,2426,2128],{"class":959},[949,2428,2150],{"class":963},[949,2430,2133],{"class":959},[949,2432,2136],{"class":959},[949,2434,2139],{"class":1037},[949,2436,2071],{"class":959},[949,2438,2161],{"class":1037},[949,2440,2136],{"class":959},[949,2442,2128],{"class":959},[949,2444,2168],{"class":963},[949,2446,2133],{"class":959},[949,2448,1005],{"class":959},[949,2450,2451],{"class":951,"line":2175},[949,2452,1155],{"class":959},[949,2454,2455],{"class":951,"line":2180},[949,2456,1161],{"class":959},[918,2458,2459,2461,2462,1329,2465,2468,2469,2471,2472,2474],{},[922,2460,924],{}," 之后，我们不知道 ",[922,2463,2464],{},"{0, 3}",[922,2466,2467],{},"{0, 1}"," 哪个在前面：因为它们被判定为相等元素。判定为相等是因为，我们传入的“第二实参”只规定 ",[922,2470,2083],{}," 小的排前面；而这两个对象的 ",[922,2473,2083],{}," 是相同的，在排序时就无法确定哪个更小。最终的结果就是这两个元素的先后顺序不确定。",[918,2476,2477,2478,2481,2482,2484,2485,2487,2488,2490],{},"而稳定排序 ",[922,2479,2480],{},"rg::stable_sort"," 则保证排完序后 ",[922,2483,2464],{}," 出现在 ",[922,2486,2467],{}," 之前。尽管它们“相等”，但最初 ",[922,2489,2464],{}," 就在前面，故排完之后也在前面。理论上，稳定排序比不稳定排序会慢一点。",[940,2492,2494],{"className":942,"code":2493,"language":944,"meta":945,"style":945},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Calgorithm>\nnamespace rg = std::ranges;\n\nstruct Coord {\n    int x, y;\n};\nint main() {\n    Coord a[]{{1, 5}, {0, 3}, {0, 1}};\n    rg::stable_sort(a, [](\u002Fconst Coord& a, const Coord& b) {\n        return a.x \u003C b.x;\n    }); \u002F\u002F x 成员升序排列\n    for (const auto& i : a) {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C \"(\" \u003C\u003C i.x \u003C\u003C \", \" \u003C\u003C i.y \u003C\u003C \") \";\n    }\n}\n",[922,2495,2496,2506,2516,2532,2536,2544,2556,2560,2570,2604,2645,2665,2671,2693,2743,2747],{"__ignoreMap":945},[949,2497,2498,2500,2502,2504],{"class":951,"line":952},[949,2499,956],{"class":955},[949,2501,960],{"class":959},[949,2503,964],{"class":963},[949,2505,967],{"class":959},[949,2507,2508,2510,2512,2514],{"class":951,"line":970},[949,2509,956],{"class":955},[949,2511,960],{"class":959},[949,2513,977],{"class":963},[949,2515,967],{"class":959},[949,2517,2518,2520,2522,2524,2526,2528,2530],{"class":951,"line":982},[949,2519,986],{"class":985},[949,2521,990],{"class":989},[949,2523,993],{"class":959},[949,2525,996],{"class":989},[949,2527,999],{"class":959},[949,2529,1002],{"class":989},[949,2531,1005],{"class":959},[949,2533,2534],{"class":951,"line":1008},[949,2535,1012],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1011},[949,2537,2538,2540,2542],{"class":951,"line":1015},[949,2539,1347],{"class":985},[949,2541,1805],{"class":989},[949,2543,1028],{"class":959},[949,2545,2546,2548,2550,2552,2554],{"class":951,"line":1031},[949,2547,1034],{"class":985},[949,2549,1814],{"class":1134},[949,2551,1048],{"class":959},[949,2553,1819],{"class":1134},[949,2555,1005],{"class":959},[949,2557,2558],{"class":951,"line":1067},[949,2559,1064],{"class":959},[949,2561,2562,2564,2566,2568],{"class":951,"line":1100},[949,2563,1018],{"class":985},[949,2565,1022],{"class":1021},[949,2567,1025],{"class":959},[949,2569,1028],{"class":959},[949,2571,2572,2574,2576,2578,2580,2582,2584,2586,2588,2590,2592,2594,2596,2598,2600,2602],{"class":951,"line":1126},[949,2573,1840],{"class":1037},[949,2575,1843],{"class":959},[949,2577,2282],{"class":1044},[949,2579,1048],{"class":959},[949,2581,1876],{"class":1044},[949,2583,1853],{"class":959},[949,2585,1856],{"class":959},[949,2587,1871],{"class":1044},[949,2589,1048],{"class":959},[949,2591,2297],{"class":1044},[949,2593,1853],{"class":959},[949,2595,1856],{"class":959},[949,2597,1871],{"class":1044},[949,2599,1048],{"class":959},[949,2601,1051],{"class":1044},[949,2603,1879],{"class":959},[949,2605,2606,2608,2610,2613,2615,2617,2619,2621,2623,2625,2627,2629,2631,2633,2635,2637,2639,2641,2643],{"class":951,"line":1152},[949,2607,1070],{"class":989},[949,2609,999],{"class":959},[949,2611,2612],{"class":1021},"stable_sort",[949,2614,1078],{"class":959},[949,2616,1081],{"class":1037},[949,2618,1048],{"class":959},[949,2620,1567],{"class":959},[949,2622,1570],{"class":1037},[949,2624,2041],{"class":985},[949,2626,1805],{"class":989},[949,2628,2046],{"class":985},[949,2630,1118],{"class":1369},[949,2632,1048],{"class":959},[949,2634,1382],{"class":985},[949,2636,1805],{"class":989},[949,2638,2046],{"class":985},[949,2640,1377],{"class":1369},[949,2642,1121],{"class":959},[949,2644,1028],{"class":959},[949,2646,2647,2649,2651,2653,2655,2657,2659,2661,2663],{"class":951,"line":1158},[949,2648,1389],{"class":955},[949,2650,1118],{"class":1037},[949,2652,2071],{"class":959},[949,2654,2074],{"class":1037},[949,2656,1395],{"class":959},[949,2658,1377],{"class":1037},[949,2660,2071],{"class":959},[949,2662,2083],{"class":1037},[949,2664,1005],{"class":959},[949,2666,2667,2669],{"class":951,"line":1646},[949,2668,1602],{"class":959},[949,2670,2376],{"class":1096},[949,2672,2673,2675,2677,2679,2681,2683,2685,2687,2689,2691],{"class":951,"line":1651},[949,2674,1103],{"class":955},[949,2676,1106],{"class":959},[949,2678,2041],{"class":985},[949,2680,1374],{"class":985},[949,2682,2046],{"class":959},[949,2684,1112],{"class":1037},[949,2686,1115],{"class":959},[949,2688,1118],{"class":1037},[949,2690,1121],{"class":959},[949,2692,1028],{"class":959},[949,2694,2695,2697,2699,2701,2703,2705,2707,2709,2711,2713,2715,2717,2719,2721,2723,2725,2727,2729,2731,2733,2735,2737,2739,2741],{"class":951,"line":2117},[949,2696,1129],{"class":989},[949,2698,999],{"class":959},[949,2700,1135],{"class":1134},[949,2702,1138],{"class":959},[949,2704,2128],{"class":959},[949,2706,1078],{"class":963},[949,2708,2133],{"class":959},[949,2710,2136],{"class":959},[949,2712,2139],{"class":1037},[949,2714,2071],{"class":959},[949,2716,2083],{"class":1037},[949,2718,2136],{"class":959},[949,2720,2128],{"class":959},[949,2722,2150],{"class":963},[949,2724,2133],{"class":959},[949,2726,2136],{"class":959},[949,2728,2139],{"class":1037},[949,2730,2071],{"class":959},[949,2732,2161],{"class":1037},[949,2734,2136],{"class":959},[949,2736,2128],{"class":959},[949,2738,2168],{"class":963},[949,2740,2133],{"class":959},[949,2742,1005],{"class":959},[949,2744,2745],{"class":951,"line":2175},[949,2746,1155],{"class":959},[949,2748,2749],{"class":951,"line":2180},[949,2750,1161],{"class":959},[2752,2753,2754],"blockquote",{},[918,2755,2756,2757,1329,2760,2763,2764,2766,2767,1329,2769,2771,2772,2778,2779,2781],{},"据称，常见的标准库实现 ",[922,2758,2759],{},"libstdc++",[922,2761,2762],{},"libc++"," 的 ",[922,2765,924],{}," 对 $\\leqslant 16$ 个元素的序列是稳定的；故这里的示例代码看不出 ",[922,2768,924],{},[922,2770,2480],{}," 的区别。我",[1081,2773,2777],{"href":2774,"rel":2775},"https:\u002F\u002Fgodbolt.org\u002Fz\u002Fq76nobT87",[2776],"nofollow","在这里","添加了一个 ",[922,2780,924],{}," 不稳定的例子。",[918,2783,2784],{},"此外，我们还有一些问题：在使用数组时，数组大小超过有意义元素个数是很常见的。怎么对这些元素排序？",[940,2786,2788],{"className":942,"code":2787,"language":944,"meta":945,"style":945},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Calgorithm>\nnamespace rg = std::ranges;\n\nint main() {\n    int a[10]{1, 2, 3};\n    \u002F\u002F 只对 a[0] ~ a[2] 排序\n    rg::sort(a); \u002F\u002F 做不到\n}\n",[922,2789,2790,2800,2810,2826,2830,2840,2867,2872,2889],{"__ignoreMap":945},[949,2791,2792,2794,2796,2798],{"class":951,"line":952},[949,2793,956],{"class":955},[949,2795,960],{"class":959},[949,2797,964],{"class":963},[949,2799,967],{"class":959},[949,2801,2802,2804,2806,2808],{"class":951,"line":970},[949,2803,956],{"class":955},[949,2805,960],{"class":959},[949,2807,977],{"class":963},[949,2809,967],{"class":959},[949,2811,2812,2814,2816,2818,2820,2822,2824],{"class":951,"line":982},[949,2813,986],{"class":985},[949,2815,990],{"class":989},[949,2817,993],{"class":959},[949,2819,996],{"class":989},[949,2821,999],{"class":959},[949,2823,1002],{"class":989},[949,2825,1005],{"class":959},[949,2827,2828],{"class":951,"line":1008},[949,2829,1012],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1011},[949,2831,2832,2834,2836,2838],{"class":951,"line":1015},[949,2833,1018],{"class":985},[949,2835,1022],{"class":1021},[949,2837,1025],{"class":959},[949,2839,1028],{"class":959},[949,2841,2842,2844,2846,2849,2852,2855,2857,2859,2861,2863,2865],{"class":951,"line":1031},[949,2843,1034],{"class":985},[949,2845,1118],{"class":1037},[949,2847,2848],{"class":959},"[",[949,2850,2851],{"class":1044},"10",[949,2853,2854],{"class":959},"]{",[949,2856,2282],{"class":1044},[949,2858,1048],{"class":959},[949,2860,1061],{"class":1044},[949,2862,1048],{"class":959},[949,2864,2297],{"class":1044},[949,2866,1064],{"class":959},[949,2868,2869],{"class":951,"line":1067},[949,2870,2871],{"class":1096},"    \u002F\u002F 只对 a[0] ~ a[2] 排序\n",[949,2873,2874,2876,2878,2880,2882,2884,2886],{"class":951,"line":1100},[949,2875,1070],{"class":989},[949,2877,999],{"class":959},[949,2879,1075],{"class":1021},[949,2881,1078],{"class":959},[949,2883,1081],{"class":1037},[949,2885,1093],{"class":959},[949,2887,2888],{"class":1096}," \u002F\u002F 做不到\n",[949,2890,2891],{"class":951,"line":1126},[949,2892,1161],{"class":959},[918,2894,2895],{},"我将会在下一节解答这个问题。下一节，将用到迭代器相关的内容",[2897,2898,2899],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .s7zQu, html code.shiki .s7zQu{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki 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.sHdIc{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#BABED8;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":945,"searchDepth":952,"depth":970,"links":2901},[2902,2903],{"id":1321,"depth":970,"text":1322},{"id":1747,"depth":970,"text":1747,"children":2904},[2905],{"id":2186,"depth":982,"text":2186},"我们在刚刚已经见过了排序算法的基本使用。","md",null,{},{"icon":827},{"title":857,"description":2906},"AJxrRuQNgIorDExop4406T8f7xIGMjo0B2Xu-MWBt3Q",[2914,2915],{"title":853,"path":854,"stem":855,"description":853,"icon":827,"children":-1},{"title":861,"path":862,"stem":863,"description":2916,"icon":827,"children":-1},"下一个函数式特性是变换（Transform），别的编程语言习惯叫做映射（Map）。",1784618145198]