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rg",[939,1128,1013],{"class":949},[939,1130,1131],{"class":1035},"copy_if",[939,1133,1134],{"class":949},"(",[939,1136,1137],{"class":1053},"a",[939,1139,1074],{"class":949},[939,1141,1010],{"class":1003},[939,1143,1013],{"class":949},[939,1145,1146],{"class":1035},"back_inserter",[939,1148,1134],{"class":949},[939,1150,1151],{"class":1053},"b",[939,1153,1154],{"class":949},"),",[939,1156,1157],{"class":949}," [](",[939,1159,1160],{"class":1053},"\u002F",[939,1162,1032],{"class":999},[939,1164,1166],{"class":1165},"sHdIc"," x",[939,1168,1169],{"class":949},")",[939,1171,1042],{"class":949},[939,1173,1175,1178,1181,1183,1185],{"class":941,"line":1174},11,[939,1176,1177],{"class":945},"        return",[939,1179,1180],{"class":1053}," x ",[939,1182,1056],{"class":949},[939,1184,1097],{"class":1070},[939,1186,1019],{"class":949},[939,1188,1190],{"class":941,"line":1189},12,[939,1191,1192],{"class":949},"    });\n",[939,1194,1196,1199,1202,1205,1208,1211,1213,1215],{"class":941,"line":1195},13,[939,1197,1198],{"class":945},"    for",[939,1200,1201],{"class":949}," (",[939,1203,1204],{"class":999},"auto",[939,1206,1207],{"class":1053}," i ",[939,1209,1210],{"class":949},":",[939,1212,1118],{"class":1053},[939,1214,1169],{"class":949},[939,1216,1042],{"class":949},[939,1218,1220,1223,1225,1229,1232,1234,1236,1239,1241],{"class":941,"line":1219},14,[939,1221,1222],{"class":1003},"        std",[939,1224,1013],{"class":949},[939,1226,1228],{"class":1227},"swJcz","cout ",[939,1230,1231],{"class":949},"\u003C\u003C",[939,1233,1207],{"class":1227},[939,1235,1231],{"class":949},[939,1237,1238],{"class":949}," '",[939,1240,1238],{"class":949},[939,1242,1019],{"class":949},[939,1244,1246],{"class":941,"line":1245},15,[939,1247,1248],{"class":949},"    }\n",[939,1250,1252],{"class":941,"line":1251},16,[939,1253,1254],{"class":949},"}\n",[918,1256,1257,1259,1260,1263,1264,1266,1267,1269,1270,1273,1274,1277],{},[925,1258,927],{}," 顾名思义，就是选择性地复制部分元素，可以算是复制算法 ",[925,1261,1262],{},"rg::copy"," 的加强版。对于 ",[925,1265,1262],{}," 来说，它会将原始范围内的全部元素复制到目的地；而 ",[925,1268,927],{}," 在复制之前会检查当前被复制的元素是否满足“第三参数”，只有满足时才会复制。其中，“第三参数” 是一个可调用对象，期望一个元素类型的参数并返回 ",[925,1271,1272],{},"bool","。如果该函数作用在当前元素上返回 ",[925,1275,1276],{},"true"," ，那么该元素就会被复制。",[918,1279,1280],{},"$$\\bm a={x}\\xrightarrow{\\operatorname{filter}(f)}{x\\mid f(x)}\\eqqcolon\\bm b$$",[918,1282,1283,1284,1287],{},"刚才示例代码中的“第三参数”，是返回 ",[925,1285,1286],{},"x \u003C 5"," 的 Lambda 表达式，意思就是只有小于 5 的元素才会被复制。当然，你也可以传递一个普通的函数。",[930,1289,1291],{"className":932,"code":1290,"language":934,"meta":935,"style":935},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cvector>\n#include \u003Calgorithm>\n#include \u003Citerator>\nnamespace rg = std::ranges;\nbool lessThen5(int x) {\n    return x \u003C 5;\n}\nint main() {\n    std::vector\u003Cint> a{4, 1, 6, 2, 9, 5};\n    std::vector\u003Cint> b;\n    rg::copy_if(a, std::back_inserter(b), lessThan5);\n    for (auto i : b) {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C i \u003C\u003C ' ';\n    }\n}\n",[925,1292,1293,1303,1313,1323,1333,1349,1366,1379,1383,1393,1435,1453,1485,1503,1523,1527],{"__ignoreMap":935},[939,1294,1295,1297,1299,1301],{"class":941,"line":942},[939,1296,946],{"class":945},[939,1298,950],{"class":949},[939,1300,954],{"class":953},[939,1302,957],{"class":949},[939,1304,1305,1307,1309,1311],{"class":941,"line":960},[939,1306,946],{"class":945},[939,1308,950],{"class":949},[939,1310,967],{"class":953},[939,1312,957],{"class":949},[939,1314,1315,1317,1319,1321],{"class":941,"line":972},[939,1316,946],{"class":945},[939,1318,950],{"class":949},[939,1320,979],{"class":953},[939,1322,957],{"class":949},[939,1324,1325,1327,1329,1331],{"class":941,"line":984},[939,1326,946],{"class":945},[939,1328,950],{"class":949},[939,1330,991],{"class":953},[939,1332,957],{"class":949},[939,1334,1335,1337,1339,1341,1343,1345,1347],{"class":941,"line":996},[939,1336,1000],{"class":999},[939,1338,1004],{"class":1003},[939,1340,1007],{"class":949},[939,1342,1010],{"class":1003},[939,1344,1013],{"class":949},[939,1346,1016],{"class":1003},[939,1348,1019],{"class":949},[939,1350,1351,1353,1356,1358,1360,1362,1364],{"class":941,"line":1022},[939,1352,1272],{"class":999},[939,1354,1355],{"class":1035}," lessThen5",[939,1357,1134],{"class":949},[939,1359,1032],{"class":999},[939,1361,1166],{"class":1165},[939,1363,1169],{"class":949},[939,1365,1042],{"class":949},[939,1367,1368,1371,1373,1375,1377],{"class":941,"line":1029},[939,1369,1370],{"class":945},"    return",[939,1372,1180],{"class":1053},[939,1374,1056],{"class":949},[939,1376,1097],{"class":1070},[939,1378,1019],{"class":949},[939,1380,1381],{"class":941,"line":1045},[939,1382,1254],{"class":949},[939,1384,1385,1387,1389,1391],{"class":941,"line":1103},[939,1386,1032],{"class":999},[939,1388,1036],{"class":1035},[939,1390,1039],{"class":949},[939,1392,1042],{"class":949},[939,1394,1395,1397,1399,1401,1403,1405,1407,1409,1411,1413,1415,1417,1419,1421,1423,1425,1427,1429,1431,1433],{"class":941,"line":1123},[939,1396,1048],{"class":1003},[939,1398,1013],{"class":949},[939,1400,967],{"class":1053},[939,1402,1056],{"class":949},[939,1404,1032],{"class":999},[939,1406,1061],{"class":949},[939,1408,1064],{"class":1053},[939,1410,1067],{"class":949},[939,1412,1071],{"class":1070},[939,1414,1074],{"class":949},[939,1416,1077],{"class":1070},[939,1418,1074],{"class":949},[939,1420,1082],{"class":1070},[939,1422,1074],{"class":949},[939,1424,1087],{"class":1070},[939,1426,1074],{"class":949},[939,1428,1092],{"class":1070},[939,1430,1074],{"class":949},[939,1432,1097],{"class":1070},[939,1434,1100],{"class":949},[939,1436,1437,1439,1441,1443,1445,1447,1449,1451],{"class":941,"line":1174},[939,1438,1048],{"class":1003},[939,1440,1013],{"class":949},[939,1442,967],{"class":1053},[939,1444,1056],{"class":949},[939,1446,1032],{"class":999},[939,1448,1061],{"class":949},[939,1450,1118],{"class":1053},[939,1452,1019],{"class":949},[939,1454,1455,1457,1459,1461,1463,1465,1467,1469,1471,1473,1475,1477,1479,1482],{"class":941,"line":1189},[939,1456,1126],{"class":1003},[939,1458,1013],{"class":949},[939,1460,1131],{"class":1035},[939,1462,1134],{"class":949},[939,1464,1137],{"class":1053},[939,1466,1074],{"class":949},[939,1468,1010],{"class":1003},[939,1470,1013],{"class":949},[939,1472,1146],{"class":1035},[939,1474,1134],{"class":949},[939,1476,1151],{"class":1053},[939,1478,1154],{"class":949},[939,1480,1481],{"class":1053}," lessThan5",[939,1483,1484],{"class":949},");\n",[939,1486,1487,1489,1491,1493,1495,1497,1499,1501],{"class":941,"line":1195},[939,1488,1198],{"class":945},[939,1490,1201],{"class":949},[939,1492,1204],{"class":999},[939,1494,1207],{"class":1053},[939,1496,1210],{"class":949},[939,1498,1118],{"class":1053},[939,1500,1169],{"class":949},[939,1502,1042],{"class":949},[939,1504,1505,1507,1509,1511,1513,1515,1517,1519,1521],{"class":941,"line":1219},[939,1506,1222],{"class":1003},[939,1508,1013],{"class":949},[939,1510,1228],{"class":1227},[939,1512,1231],{"class":949},[939,1514,1207],{"class":1227},[939,1516,1231],{"class":949},[939,1518,1238],{"class":949},[939,1520,1238],{"class":949},[939,1522,1019],{"class":949},[939,1524,1525],{"class":941,"line":1245},[939,1526,1248],{"class":949},[939,1528,1529],{"class":941,"line":1251},[939,1530,1254],{"class":949},[918,1532,1533,1534,1536,1537,1540],{},"总之，",[925,1535,927],{}," 通过有选择地复制，实现了对批量数据的筛选。但它用起来并不方便；其最主要原因是需要提供一个目的地。虽然这个目的地可以是任意迭代器，但如果要收集到一个新的容器，则要么初始化好这个容器的大小，要么使用 ",[925,1538,1539],{},"std::back_inserter","。这在使用上略显啰嗦。",[918,1542,1543,1544,1547,1548,1550],{},"STLv2 提供了 ",[925,1545,1546],{},"rg::filter_view"," 视图来改进筛选的写法。在 ",[925,1549,1546],{}," 中，步进迭代器时会检查当前元素是否满足条件；如果不满足条件则继续步进。这样，最终返回的迭代器总是指向满足条件的元素。",[918,1552,1553,1554,1557,1558,1560],{},"范围适配器 ",[925,1555,1556],{},"std::views::filter"," 可以方便地生成 ",[925,1559,1546],{},"。它用起来是这样写的：",[930,1562,1564],{"className":932,"code":1563,"language":934,"meta":935,"style":935},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cvector>\n#include \u003Calgorithm>\n#include \u003Cranges>\nnamespace rg = std::ranges;\n\nint main() {\n    std::vector\u003Cint> a{4, 1, 6, 2, 9, 5};\n    \u002F\u002F b 是 rg::filter_view 视图\n    auto b = a | std::views::filter([] (int x) { return x \u003C 5; });\n    for (auto i : b) {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C i \u003C\u003C ' ';\n    }\n}\n",[925,1565,1566,1576,1586,1596,1606,1622,1626,1636,1678,1684,1742,1760,1780,1784],{"__ignoreMap":935},[939,1567,1568,1570,1572,1574],{"class":941,"line":942},[939,1569,946],{"class":945},[939,1571,950],{"class":949},[939,1573,954],{"class":953},[939,1575,957],{"class":949},[939,1577,1578,1580,1582,1584],{"class":941,"line":960},[939,1579,946],{"class":945},[939,1581,950],{"class":949},[939,1583,967],{"class":953},[939,1585,957],{"class":949},[939,1587,1588,1590,1592,1594],{"class":941,"line":972},[939,1589,946],{"class":945},[939,1591,950],{"class":949},[939,1593,979],{"class":953},[939,1595,957],{"class":949},[939,1597,1598,1600,1602,1604],{"class":941,"line":984},[939,1599,946],{"class":945},[939,1601,950],{"class":949},[939,1603,1016],{"class":953},[939,1605,957],{"class":949},[939,1607,1608,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620],{"class":941,"line":996},[939,1609,1000],{"class":999},[939,1611,1004],{"class":1003},[939,1613,1007],{"class":949},[939,1615,1010],{"class":1003},[939,1617,1013],{"class":949},[939,1619,1016],{"class":1003},[939,1621,1019],{"class":949},[939,1623,1624],{"class":941,"line":1022},[939,1625,1026],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1025},[939,1627,1628,1630,1632,1634],{"class":941,"line":1029},[939,1629,1032],{"class":999},[939,1631,1036],{"class":1035},[939,1633,1039],{"class":949},[939,1635,1042],{"class":949},[939,1637,1638,1640,1642,1644,1646,1648,1650,1652,1654,1656,1658,1660,1662,1664,1666,1668,1670,1672,1674,1676],{"class":941,"line":1045},[939,1639,1048],{"class":1003},[939,1641,1013],{"class":949},[939,1643,967],{"class":1053},[939,1645,1056],{"class":949},[939,1647,1032],{"class":999},[939,1649,1061],{"class":949},[939,1651,1064],{"class":1053},[939,1653,1067],{"class":949},[939,1655,1071],{"class":1070},[939,1657,1074],{"class":949},[939,1659,1077],{"class":1070},[939,1661,1074],{"class":949},[939,1663,1082],{"class":1070},[939,1665,1074],{"class":949},[939,1667,1087],{"class":1070},[939,1669,1074],{"class":949},[939,1671,1092],{"class":1070},[939,1673,1074],{"class":949},[939,1675,1097],{"class":1070},[939,1677,1100],{"class":949},[939,1679,1680],{"class":941,"line":1103},[939,1681,1683],{"class":1682},"sHwdD","    \u002F\u002F b 是 rg::filter_view 视图\n",[939,1685,1686,1689,1692,1695,1698,1701,1703,1705,1708,1710,1713,1716,1718,1720,1722,1724,1727,1730,1732,1734,1736,1739],{"class":941,"line":1123},[939,1687,1688],{"class":999},"    auto",[939,1690,1691],{"class":1053}," b ",[939,1693,1694],{"class":949},"=",[939,1696,1697],{"class":1053}," a ",[939,1699,1700],{"class":949},"|",[939,1702,1010],{"class":1003},[939,1704,1013],{"class":949},[939,1706,1707],{"class":1003},"views",[939,1709,1013],{"class":949},[939,1711,1712],{"class":1035},"filter",[939,1714,1715],{"class":949},"([]",[939,1717,1201],{"class":949},[939,1719,1032],{"class":999},[939,1721,1166],{"class":1165},[939,1723,1169],{"class":949},[939,1725,1726],{"class":949}," {",[939,1728,1729],{"class":945}," return",[939,1731,1180],{"class":1053},[939,1733,1056],{"class":949},[939,1735,1097],{"class":1070},[939,1737,1738],{"class":949},";",[939,1740,1741],{"class":949}," });\n",[939,1743,1744,1746,1748,1750,1752,1754,1756,1758],{"class":941,"line":1174},[939,1745,1198],{"class":945},[939,1747,1201],{"class":949},[939,1749,1204],{"class":999},[939,1751,1207],{"class":1053},[939,1753,1210],{"class":949},[939,1755,1118],{"class":1053},[939,1757,1169],{"class":949},[939,1759,1042],{"class":949},[939,1761,1762,1764,1766,1768,1770,1772,1774,1776,1778],{"class":941,"line":1189},[939,1763,1222],{"class":1003},[939,1765,1013],{"class":949},[939,1767,1228],{"class":1227},[939,1769,1231],{"class":949},[939,1771,1207],{"class":1227},[939,1773,1231],{"class":949},[939,1775,1238],{"class":949},[939,1777,1238],{"class":949},[939,1779,1019],{"class":949},[939,1781,1782],{"class":941,"line":1195},[939,1783,1248],{"class":949},[939,1785,1786],{"class":941,"line":1219},[939,1787,1254],{"class":949},[918,1789,1790,1791,1793,1794,1796,1797,1799,1800,1802,1803,1805,1806,1808,1809,1811,1812,1814],{},"但是有一点需要注意，",[925,1792,1151],{}," 在这里是视图而不是容器。视图和容器的区别在于，视图是“惰性求值”的。只要 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