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",[936,1175,1176],{"class":946},"\u003C\u003C",[936,1178,1151],{"class":1172},[936,1180,1176],{"class":946},[936,1182,995],{"class":988},[936,1184,998],{"class":946},[936,1186,1187],{"class":1172},"endl",[936,1189,1004],{"class":946},[936,1191,1193],{"class":938,"line":1192},13,[936,1194,1195],{"class":946},"    }\n",[936,1197,1199],{"class":938,"line":1198},14,[936,1200,1201],{"class":946},"}\n",[918,1203,1204,1205,1207,1208,1211,1212,1214],{},"传入 ",[922,1206,924],{}," 的参数包括待复制的范围，以及一个额外的参数——目的地，也就是刚刚例子中的 ",[922,1209,1210],{},"b.begin()","。复制范围时，会将待复制的范围逐一填到 ",[922,1213,1210],{}," 所指向的位置；具体而言，同时步进待复制范围的起始迭代器和目的地迭代器，复制元素，直至范围的起始迭代器抵达终止迭代器。简单的实现如下：",[927,1216,1218],{"className":929,"code":1217,"language":931,"meta":932,"style":932},"template\u003Ctypename R, typename O>\nvoid copy(R range, O dest) {\n    auto begin{range.begin()};\n    auto end{range.end()};\n    while (begin != end) {\n        *dest = *begin;  \u002F\u002F 复制元素\n        ++begin, ++dest; \u002F\u002F 步进两个迭代器\n    }\n}\n",[922,1219,1220,1243,1271,1291,1309,1328,1350,1370,1374],{"__ignoreMap":932},[936,1221,1222,1225,1227,1230,1233,1235,1238,1241],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,1223,1224],{"class":984},"template",[936,1226,1082],{"class":946},[936,1228,1229],{"class":984},"typename",[936,1231,1232],{"class":988}," R",[936,1234,1049],{"class":946},[936,1236,1237],{"class":984}," typename",[936,1239,1240],{"class":988}," O",[936,1242,954],{"class":946},[936,1244,1245,1248,1251,1253,1256,1260,1262,1264,1267,1269],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,1246,1247],{"class":984},"void",[936,1249,1250],{"class":1020}," copy",[936,1252,1093],{"class":946},[936,1254,1255],{"class":988},"R",[936,1257,1259],{"class":1258},"sHdIc"," range",[936,1261,1049],{"class":946},[936,1263,1240],{"class":988},[936,1265,1266],{"class":1258}," dest",[936,1268,1159],{"class":946},[936,1270,1027],{"class":946},[936,1272,1273,1276,1279,1281,1284,1286,1288],{"class":938,"line":969},[936,1274,1275],{"class":984},"    auto",[936,1277,1278],{"class":1038}," begin",[936,1280,1042],{"class":946},[936,1282,1283],{"class":1038},"range",[936,1285,1126],{"class":946},[936,1287,1129],{"class":1020},[936,1289,1290],{"class":946},"()};\n",[936,1292,1293,1295,1298,1300,1302,1304,1307],{"class":938,"line":981},[936,1294,1275],{"class":984},[936,1296,1297],{"class":1038}," end",[936,1299,1042],{"class":946},[936,1301,1283],{"class":1038},[936,1303,1126],{"class":946},[936,1305,1306],{"class":1020},"end",[936,1308,1290],{"class":946},[936,1310,1311,1314,1316,1319,1322,1324,1326],{"class":938,"line":1007},[936,1312,1313],{"class":942},"    while",[936,1315,1146],{"class":946},[936,1317,1318],{"class":1038},"begin ",[936,1320,1321],{"class":946},"!=",[936,1323,1297],{"class":1038},[936,1325,1159],{"class":946},[936,1327,1027],{"class":946},[936,1329,1330,1333,1336,1339,1342,1344,1347],{"class":938,"line":1014},[936,1331,1332],{"class":946},"        *",[936,1334,1335],{"class":1172},"dest ",[936,1337,1338],{"class":946},"=",[936,1340,1341],{"class":946}," *",[936,1343,1129],{"class":1172},[936,1345,1346],{"class":946},";",[936,1348,1349],{"class":1102},"  \u002F\u002F 复制元素\n",[936,1351,1352,1355,1357,1359,1362,1365,1367],{"class":938,"line":1030},[936,1353,1354],{"class":946},"        ++",[936,1356,1129],{"class":1172},[936,1358,1049],{"class":946},[936,1360,1361],{"class":946}," ++",[936,1363,1364],{"class":1172},"dest",[936,1366,1346],{"class":946},[936,1368,1369],{"class":1102}," \u002F\u002F 步进两个迭代器\n",[936,1371,1372],{"class":938,"line":1073},[936,1373,1195],{"class":946},[936,1375,1376],{"class":938,"line":1106},[936,1377,1201],{"class":946},[1379,1380,1381],"blockquote",{},[918,1382,1383],{},"这个实现是极其简化的，省略了一些优化，忽略了返回值。",[918,1385,1386,1387,1389,1390,1392],{},"值得注意的是，",[922,1388,924],{}," 算法要求目的地参数 ",[922,1391,1364],{}," 具有这样的性质：",[1394,1395,1396,1408],"ol",{},[1397,1398,1399,1400,1403,1404,1407],"li",{},"是个迭代器，",[922,1401,1402],{},"*dest"," 和 ",[922,1405,1406],{},"++dest"," 是合法表达式；",[1397,1409,1410,1413],{},[922,1411,1412],{},"*dest = ..."," 是合法表达式。",[918,1415,1416,1417,1420,1421,1425,1426,1430],{},"其中第二条要求并不在",[1119,1418,1419],{"href":620},"第八章","提到的任何一种迭代器概念的规定内。事实上，满足这两条性质的迭代器是一种全新的概念——",[1422,1423,1424],"em",{},"输出迭代器","（Output Iterator）。相比之前的输入、前向、双向、随机访问、连续迭代器，输出迭代器的要求少了很多，只要可以解地址和自增就行；但额外地增加了",[1427,1428,1429],"strong",{},"可以为该元素赋值","的要求。",[918,1432,1433,1434,1436,1437,1439],{},"既然 ",[922,1435,1114],{}," 仅要求目的地参数是输出迭代器，那么利用这一点可以写出更有意思的代码。比如，倘若重载一个迭代器的赋值运算符，改为向 ",[922,1438,976],{}," 添加元素，那就可以实现这样的代码：",[927,1441,1443],{"className":929,"code":1442,"language":931,"meta":932,"style":932},"struct Inserter { \u002F* [...] *\u002F };\n\nint main() {\n    std::vector a{1, 3, 5, 7, 9};\n    std::vector\u003Cint> b{}; \u002F\u002F 初始长度为 0（此时向 copy 传入 b.begin() 导致越界）\n    rg::copy(a, Inserter(b)); \u002F\u002F 复制时向 b 末尾插入新的元素\n    \n    \u002F\u002F 1 3 5 7 9\n    for (int i : b) { std::cout \u003C\u003C i \u003C\u003C ' '; }\n}\n",[922,1444,1445,1462,1466,1476,1506,1528,1555,1560,1565,1605],{"__ignoreMap":932},[936,1446,1447,1450,1453,1456,1459],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,1448,1449],{"class":984},"struct",[936,1451,1452],{"class":988}," Inserter",[936,1454,1455],{"class":946}," {",[936,1457,1458],{"class":1102}," \u002F* [...] *\u002F",[936,1460,1461],{"class":946}," };\n",[936,1463,1464],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,1465,1011],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1010},[936,1467,1468,1470,1472,1474],{"class":938,"line":969},[936,1469,1017],{"class":984},[936,1471,1021],{"class":1020},[936,1473,1024],{"class":946},[936,1475,1027],{"class":946},[936,1477,1478,1480,1482,1484,1486,1488,1490,1492,1494,1496,1498,1500,1502,1504],{"class":938,"line":981},[936,1479,1033],{"class":988},[936,1481,998],{"class":946},[936,1483,1039],{"class":1038},[936,1485,1042],{"class":946},[936,1487,1046],{"class":1045},[936,1489,1049],{"class":946},[936,1491,1052],{"class":1045},[936,1493,1049],{"class":946},[936,1495,1057],{"class":1045},[936,1497,1049],{"class":946},[936,1499,1062],{"class":1045},[936,1501,1049],{"class":946},[936,1503,1067],{"class":1045},[936,1505,1070],{"class":946},[936,1507,1508,1510,1512,1514,1516,1518,1520,1522,1525],{"class":938,"line":1007},[936,1509,1033],{"class":988},[936,1511,998],{"class":946},[936,1513,976],{"class":1038},[936,1515,1082],{"class":946},[936,1517,1017],{"class":984},[936,1519,1087],{"class":946},[936,1521,1090],{"class":1038},[936,1523,1524],{"class":946},"{};",[936,1526,1527],{"class":1102}," \u002F\u002F 初始长度为 0（此时向 copy 传入 b.begin() 导致越界）\n",[936,1529,1530,1532,1534,1536,1538,1540,1542,1544,1546,1549,1552],{"class":938,"line":1014},[936,1531,1109],{"class":988},[936,1533,998],{"class":946},[936,1535,1114],{"class":1020},[936,1537,1093],{"class":946},[936,1539,1119],{"class":1038},[936,1541,1049],{"class":946},[936,1543,1452],{"class":1020},[936,1545,1093],{"class":946},[936,1547,1548],{"class":1038},"b",[936,1550,1551],{"class":946},"));",[936,1553,1554],{"class":1102}," \u002F\u002F 复制时向 b 末尾插入新的元素\n",[936,1556,1557],{"class":938,"line":1030},[936,1558,1559],{"class":1038},"    \n",[936,1561,1562],{"class":938,"line":1073},[936,1563,1564],{"class":1102},"    \u002F\u002F 1 3 5 7 9\n",[936,1566,1567,1569,1571,1573,1575,1577,1579,1581,1583,1585,1587,1589,1591,1593,1595,1598,1600,1602],{"class":938,"line":1106},[936,1568,1143],{"class":942},[936,1570,1146],{"class":946},[936,1572,1017],{"class":984},[936,1574,1151],{"class":1038},[936,1576,1154],{"class":946},[936,1578,1090],{"class":1038},[936,1580,1159],{"class":946},[936,1582,1455],{"class":946},[936,1584,995],{"class":988},[936,1586,998],{"class":946},[936,1588,1173],{"class":1172},[936,1590,1176],{"class":946},[936,1592,1151],{"class":1172},[936,1594,1176],{"class":946},[936,1596,1597],{"class":946}," '",[936,1599,1597],{"class":946},[936,1601,1346],{"class":946},[936,1603,1604],{"class":946}," }\n",[936,1606,1607],{"class":938,"line":1135},[936,1608,1201],{"class":946},[918,1610,1611,1614],{},[922,1612,1613],{},"Inserter"," 可以这样实现：",[927,1616,1618],{"className":929,"code":1617,"language":931,"meta":932,"style":932},"struct Inserter {\n    \u002F\u002F 编译器要求所有迭代器必须提供此定义，不用管\n    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t; \u002F\u002F required by std::weekly_incrementable\n\n    std::vector\u003Cint>* container{nullptr};\n    Inserter(std::vector\u003Cint>& c) : container{&c} { }\n\n    \u002F\u002F ++dest; 和 dest++; 啥也不干\n    Inserter& operator++() { return *this; }\n    Inserter& operator++(int) { return *this; }\n\n    \u002F\u002F 令 *dest = v; 相当于 dest = v;\n    Inserter& operator*() { return *this; }\n\n    \u002F\u002F dest = v; 将 v 插入到容器中\n    Inserter& operator=(int val) {\n        container->push_back(val);\n        return *this;\n    }\n};\n",[922,1619,1620,1628,1633,1655,1659,1680,1726,1730,1735,1759,1783,1787,1792,1813,1817,1823,1845,1865,1874,1879],{"__ignoreMap":932},[936,1621,1622,1624,1626],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,1623,1449],{"class":984},[936,1625,1452],{"class":988},[936,1627,1027],{"class":946},[936,1629,1630],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,1631,1632],{"class":1102},"    \u002F\u002F 编译器要求所有迭代器必须提供此定义，不用管\n",[936,1634,1635,1638,1641,1643,1645,1647,1650,1652],{"class":938,"line":969},[936,1636,1637],{"class":1045},"    using",[936,1639,1640],{"class":988}," difference_type",[936,1642,992],{"class":946},[936,1644,995],{"class":988},[936,1646,998],{"class":946},[936,1648,1649],{"class":988},"ptrdiff_t",[936,1651,1346],{"class":946},[936,1653,1654],{"class":1102}," \u002F\u002F required by std::weekly_incrementable\n",[936,1656,1657],{"class":938,"line":981},[936,1658,1011],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1010},[936,1660,1661,1663,1665,1667,1669,1671,1674,1677],{"class":938,"line":1007},[936,1662,1033],{"class":988},[936,1664,998],{"class":946},[936,1666,976],{"class":1172},[936,1668,1082],{"class":946},[936,1670,1017],{"class":984},[936,1672,1673],{"class":946},">*",[936,1675,1676],{"class":1172}," container",[936,1678,1679],{"class":946},"{nullptr};\n",[936,1681,1682,1685,1687,1690,1692,1694,1696,1698,1700,1703,1706,1708,1711,1713,1716,1719,1722,1724],{"class":938,"line":1014},[936,1683,1684],{"class":1020},"    Inserter",[936,1686,1093],{"class":946},[936,1688,1689],{"class":988},"std",[936,1691,998],{"class":946},[936,1693,976],{"class":988},[936,1695,1082],{"class":946},[936,1697,1017],{"class":984},[936,1699,1087],{"class":946},[936,1701,1702],{"class":984},"&",[936,1704,1705],{"class":1258}," c",[936,1707,1159],{"class":946},[936,1709,1710],{"class":946}," :",[936,1712,1676],{"class":1020},[936,1714,1715],{"class":946},"{&",[936,1717,1718],{"class":1172},"c",[936,1720,1721],{"class":946},"}",[936,1723,1455],{"class":946},[936,1725,1604],{"class":946},[936,1727,1728],{"class":938,"line":1030},[936,1729,1011],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1010},[936,1731,1732],{"class":938,"line":1073},[936,1733,1734],{"class":1102},"    \u002F\u002F ++dest; 和 dest++; 啥也不干\n",[936,1736,1737,1739,1741,1744,1747,1749,1751,1754,1757],{"class":938,"line":1106},[936,1738,1684],{"class":988},[936,1740,1702],{"class":984},[936,1742,1743],{"class":1045}," operator",[936,1745,1746],{"class":988},"++",[936,1748,1024],{"class":946},[936,1750,1455],{"class":946},[936,1752,1753],{"class":942}," return",[936,1755,1756],{"class":946}," *this;",[936,1758,1604],{"class":946},[936,1760,1761,1763,1765,1767,1769,1771,1773,1775,1777,1779,1781],{"class":938,"line":1135},[936,1762,1684],{"class":988},[936,1764,1702],{"class":984},[936,1766,1743],{"class":1045},[936,1768,1746],{"class":988},[936,1770,1093],{"class":946},[936,1772,1017],{"class":984},[936,1774,1159],{"class":946},[936,1776,1455],{"class":946},[936,1778,1753],{"class":942},[936,1780,1756],{"class":946},[936,1782,1604],{"class":946},[936,1784,1785],{"class":938,"line":1140},[936,1786,1011],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1010},[936,1788,1789],{"class":938,"line":1164},[936,1790,1791],{"class":1102},"    \u002F\u002F 令 *dest = v; 相当于 dest = v;\n",[936,1793,1794,1796,1798,1800,1803,1805,1807,1809,1811],{"class":938,"line":1192},[936,1795,1684],{"class":988},[936,1797,1702],{"class":984},[936,1799,1743],{"class":1045},[936,1801,1802],{"class":988},"*",[936,1804,1024],{"class":946},[936,1806,1455],{"class":946},[936,1808,1753],{"class":942},[936,1810,1756],{"class":946},[936,1812,1604],{"class":946},[936,1814,1815],{"class":938,"line":1198},[936,1816,1011],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1010},[936,1818,1820],{"class":938,"line":1819},15,[936,1821,1822],{"class":1102},"    \u002F\u002F dest = v; 将 v 插入到容器中\n",[936,1824,1826,1828,1830,1832,1834,1836,1838,1841,1843],{"class":938,"line":1825},16,[936,1827,1684],{"class":988},[936,1829,1702],{"class":984},[936,1831,1743],{"class":1045},[936,1833,1338],{"class":988},[936,1835,1093],{"class":946},[936,1837,1017],{"class":984},[936,1839,1840],{"class":1258}," val",[936,1842,1159],{"class":946},[936,1844,1027],{"class":946},[936,1846,1848,1851,1854,1857,1859,1862],{"class":938,"line":1847},17,[936,1849,1850],{"class":1038},"        container",[936,1852,1853],{"class":946},"->",[936,1855,1856],{"class":1020},"push_back",[936,1858,1093],{"class":946},[936,1860,1861],{"class":1172},"val",[936,1863,1864],{"class":946},");\n",[936,1866,1868,1871],{"class":938,"line":1867},18,[936,1869,1870],{"class":942},"        return",[936,1872,1873],{"class":946}," *this;\n",[936,1875,1877],{"class":938,"line":1876},19,[936,1878,1195],{"class":946},[936,1880,1882],{"class":938,"line":1881},20,[936,1883,1070],{"class":946},[918,1885,1886,1887,1889,1890,1893,1894,1897,1898,1900,1901,1904],{},"此时，",[922,1888,1114],{}," 实现中的 ",[922,1891,1892],{},"*dest = *begin"," 就相当于 ",[922,1895,1896],{},"b.push_back(*begin)"," 了。我们刚刚实现的 ",[922,1899,1613],{}," 在标准库中已有提供，即为 ",[922,1902,1903],{},"std::back_inserter"," 函数：",[927,1906,1908],{"className":929,"code":1907,"language":931,"meta":932,"style":932},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Calgorithm>\n#include \u003Cvector>\n#include \u003Citerator> \u002F\u002F std::back_inserter 定义于此\nnamespace rg = std::ranges;\n\nint main() {\n    std::vector a{1, 3, 5, 7, 9};\n    std::vector\u003Cint> b{};\n    rg::copy(a, std::back_inserter(b)); \u002F\u002F 复制时向 b 插入元素\n    \n    \u002F\u002F 1 3 5 7 9\n    for (int i : b) { std::cout \u003C\u003C i \u003C\u003C ' '; }\n}\n",[922,1909,1910,1920,1930,1940,1954,1970,1974,1984,2014,2033,2063,2067,2071,2109],{"__ignoreMap":932},[936,1911,1912,1914,1916,1918],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,1913,943],{"class":942},[936,1915,947],{"class":946},[936,1917,951],{"class":950},[936,1919,954],{"class":946},[936,1921,1922,1924,1926,1928],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,1923,943],{"class":942},[936,1925,947],{"class":946},[936,1927,964],{"class":950},[936,1929,954],{"class":946},[936,1931,1932,1934,1936,1938],{"class":938,"line":969},[936,1933,943],{"class":942},[936,1935,947],{"class":946},[936,1937,976],{"class":950},[936,1939,954],{"class":946},[936,1941,1942,1944,1946,1949,1951],{"class":938,"line":981},[936,1943,943],{"class":942},[936,1945,947],{"class":946},[936,1947,1948],{"class":950},"iterator",[936,1950,1087],{"class":946},[936,1952,1953],{"class":1102}," \u002F\u002F std::back_inserter 定义于此\n",[936,1955,1956,1958,1960,1962,1964,1966,1968],{"class":938,"line":1007},[936,1957,985],{"class":984},[936,1959,989],{"class":988},[936,1961,992],{"class":946},[936,1963,995],{"class":988},[936,1965,998],{"class":946},[936,1967,1001],{"class":988},[936,1969,1004],{"class":946},[936,1971,1972],{"class":938,"line":1014},[936,1973,1011],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1010},[936,1975,1976,1978,1980,1982],{"class":938,"line":1030},[936,1977,1017],{"class":984},[936,1979,1021],{"class":1020},[936,1981,1024],{"class":946},[936,1983,1027],{"class":946},[936,1985,1986,1988,1990,1992,1994,1996,1998,2000,2002,2004,2006,2008,2010,2012],{"class":938,"line":1073},[936,1987,1033],{"class":988},[936,1989,998],{"class":946},[936,1991,1039],{"class":1038},[936,1993,1042],{"class":946},[936,1995,1046],{"class":1045},[936,1997,1049],{"class":946},[936,1999,1052],{"class":1045},[936,2001,1049],{"class":946},[936,2003,1057],{"class":1045},[936,2005,1049],{"class":946},[936,2007,1062],{"class":1045},[936,2009,1049],{"class":946},[936,2011,1067],{"class":1045},[936,2013,1070],{"class":946},[936,2015,2016,2018,2020,2022,2024,2026,2028,2030],{"class":938,"line":1106},[936,2017,1033],{"class":988},[936,2019,998],{"class":946},[936,2021,976],{"class":1038},[936,2023,1082],{"class":946},[936,2025,1017],{"class":984},[936,2027,1087],{"class":946},[936,2029,1090],{"class":1038},[936,2031,2032],{"class":946},"{};\n",[936,2034,2035,2037,2039,2041,2043,2045,2047,2049,2051,2054,2056,2058,2060],{"class":938,"line":1135},[936,2036,1109],{"class":988},[936,2038,998],{"class":946},[936,2040,1114],{"class":1020},[936,2042,1093],{"class":946},[936,2044,1119],{"class":1038},[936,2046,1049],{"class":946},[936,2048,995],{"class":988},[936,2050,998],{"class":946},[936,2052,2053],{"class":1020},"back_inserter",[936,2055,1093],{"class":946},[936,2057,1548],{"class":1038},[936,2059,1551],{"class":946},[936,2061,2062],{"class":1102}," \u002F\u002F 复制时向 b 插入元素\n",[936,2064,2065],{"class":938,"line":1140},[936,2066,1559],{"class":1038},[936,2068,2069],{"class":938,"line":1164},[936,2070,1564],{"class":1102},[936,2072,2073,2075,2077,2079,2081,2083,2085,2087,2089,2091,2093,2095,2097,2099,2101,2103,2105,2107],{"class":938,"line":1192},[936,2074,1143],{"class":942},[936,2076,1146],{"class":946},[936,2078,1017],{"class":984},[936,2080,1151],{"class":1038},[936,2082,1154],{"class":946},[936,2084,1090],{"class":1038},[936,2086,1159],{"class":946},[936,2088,1455],{"class":946},[936,2090,995],{"class":988},[936,2092,998],{"class":946},[936,2094,1173],{"class":1172},[936,2096,1176],{"class":946},[936,2098,1151],{"class":1172},[936,2100,1176],{"class":946},[936,2102,1597],{"class":946},[936,2104,1597],{"class":946},[936,2106,1346],{"class":946},[936,2108,1604],{"class":946},[936,2110,2111],{"class":938,"line":1198},[936,2112,1201],{"class":946},[918,2114,2115,2116,2119,2120,2123],{},"此外，输出迭代器还有更多有意思的用法。比如，重载其复制运算符使得其通过 ",[922,2117,2118],{},"cout"," 输出该元素。这样的输出迭代器就是 ",[922,2121,2122],{},"std::ostream_iterator","，它的使用方法如下：",[927,2125,2127],{"className":929,"code":2126,"language":931,"meta":932,"style":932},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Calgorithm>\n#include \u003Cvector>\n#include \u003Citerator> \u002F\u002F std::ostream_iterator 定义于此\nnamespace rg = std::ranges;\n\nint main() {\n    std::vector a{1, 3, 5, 7, 9};\n    \u002F\u002F 输出 a 中的元素\n    rg::copy(a, std::ostream_iterator\u003Cint>{std::cout});\n}\n",[922,2128,2129,2139,2149,2159,2172,2188,2192,2202,2232,2237,2275],{"__ignoreMap":932},[936,2130,2131,2133,2135,2137],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,2132,943],{"class":942},[936,2134,947],{"class":946},[936,2136,951],{"class":950},[936,2138,954],{"class":946},[936,2140,2141,2143,2145,2147],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,2142,943],{"class":942},[936,2144,947],{"class":946},[936,2146,964],{"class":950},[936,2148,954],{"class":946},[936,2150,2151,2153,2155,2157],{"class":938,"line":969},[936,2152,943],{"class":942},[936,2154,947],{"class":946},[936,2156,976],{"class":950},[936,2158,954],{"class":946},[936,2160,2161,2163,2165,2167,2169],{"class":938,"line":981},[936,2162,943],{"class":942},[936,2164,947],{"class":946},[936,2166,1948],{"class":950},[936,2168,1087],{"class":946},[936,2170,2171],{"class":1102}," \u002F\u002F std::ostream_iterator 定义于此\n",[936,2173,2174,2176,2178,2180,2182,2184,2186],{"class":938,"line":1007},[936,2175,985],{"class":984},[936,2177,989],{"class":988},[936,2179,992],{"class":946},[936,2181,995],{"class":988},[936,2183,998],{"class":946},[936,2185,1001],{"class":988},[936,2187,1004],{"class":946},[936,2189,2190],{"class":938,"line":1014},[936,2191,1011],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1010},[936,2193,2194,2196,2198,2200],{"class":938,"line":1030},[936,2195,1017],{"class":984},[936,2197,1021],{"class":1020},[936,2199,1024],{"class":946},[936,2201,1027],{"class":946},[936,2203,2204,2206,2208,2210,2212,2214,2216,2218,2220,2222,2224,2226,2228,2230],{"class":938,"line":1073},[936,2205,1033],{"class":988},[936,2207,998],{"class":946},[936,2209,1039],{"class":1038},[936,2211,1042],{"class":946},[936,2213,1046],{"class":1045},[936,2215,1049],{"class":946},[936,2217,1052],{"class":1045},[936,2219,1049],{"class":946},[936,2221,1057],{"class":1045},[936,2223,1049],{"class":946},[936,2225,1062],{"class":1045},[936,2227,1049],{"class":946},[936,2229,1067],{"class":1045},[936,2231,1070],{"class":946},[936,2233,2234],{"class":938,"line":1106},[936,2235,2236],{"class":1102},"    \u002F\u002F 输出 a 中的元素\n",[936,2238,2239,2241,2243,2245,2247,2249,2251,2253,2255,2258,2260,2262,2264,2266,2268,2270,2273],{"class":938,"line":1135},[936,2240,1109],{"class":988},[936,2242,998],{"class":946},[936,2244,1114],{"class":1020},[936,2246,1093],{"class":946},[936,2248,1119],{"class":1038},[936,2250,1049],{"class":946},[936,2252,995],{"class":988},[936,2254,998],{"class":946},[936,2256,2257],{"class":1038},"ostream_iterator",[936,2259,1082],{"class":946},[936,2261,1017],{"class":984},[936,2263,1087],{"class":946},[936,2265,1042],{"class":1038},[936,2267,1689],{"class":988},[936,2269,998],{"class":946},[936,2271,2272],{"class":1038},"cout}",[936,2274,1864],{"class":946},[936,2276,2277],{"class":938,"line":1140},[936,2278,1201],{"class":946},[918,2280,2281,2283,2284,2287,2288,2291],{},[922,2282,2122],{}," 接受一个模板类型参数，表明待输出元素的类型。构造时，需要传入 ",[922,2285,2286],{},"std::cout"," 以输出到屏幕。（你也可以传入一个 ",[922,2289,2290],{},"std::ofstream"," 类型对象以输出到文件。）此外，构造时还可提供额外的第二实参，表示输出元素后的分隔字符串：",[927,2293,2295],{"className":929,"code":2294,"language":931,"meta":932,"style":932},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Calgorithm>\n#include \u003Cvector>\n#include \u003Citerator>\nnamespace rg = std::ranges;\n\nint main() {\n    std::vector a{1, 3, 5, 7, 9};\n    \u002F\u002F 输出 a 中的元素，但以空格分隔\n    rg::copy(a, std::ostream_iterator\u003Cint>{std::cout, \" \"});\n}\n",[922,2296,2297,2307,2317,2327,2337,2353,2357,2367,2397,2402,2447],{"__ignoreMap":932},[936,2298,2299,2301,2303,2305],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,2300,943],{"class":942},[936,2302,947],{"class":946},[936,2304,951],{"class":950},[936,2306,954],{"class":946},[936,2308,2309,2311,2313,2315],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,2310,943],{"class":942},[936,2312,947],{"class":946},[936,2314,964],{"class":950},[936,2316,954],{"class":946},[936,2318,2319,2321,2323,2325],{"class":938,"line":969},[936,2320,943],{"class":942},[936,2322,947],{"class":946},[936,2324,976],{"class":950},[936,2326,954],{"class":946},[936,2328,2329,2331,2333,2335],{"class":938,"line":981},[936,2330,943],{"class":942},[936,2332,947],{"class":946},[936,2334,1948],{"class":950},[936,2336,954],{"class":946},[936,2338,2339,2341,2343,2345,2347,2349,2351],{"class":938,"line":1007},[936,2340,985],{"class":984},[936,2342,989],{"class":988},[936,2344,992],{"class":946},[936,2346,995],{"class":988},[936,2348,998],{"class":946},[936,2350,1001],{"class":988},[936,2352,1004],{"class":946},[936,2354,2355],{"class":938,"line":1014},[936,2356,1011],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1010},[936,2358,2359,2361,2363,2365],{"class":938,"line":1030},[936,2360,1017],{"class":984},[936,2362,1021],{"class":1020},[936,2364,1024],{"class":946},[936,2366,1027],{"class":946},[936,2368,2369,2371,2373,2375,2377,2379,2381,2383,2385,2387,2389,2391,2393,2395],{"class":938,"line":1073},[936,2370,1033],{"class":988},[936,2372,998],{"class":946},[936,2374,1039],{"class":1038},[936,2376,1042],{"class":946},[936,2378,1046],{"class":1045},[936,2380,1049],{"class":946},[936,2382,1052],{"class":1045},[936,2384,1049],{"class":946},[936,2386,1057],{"class":1045},[936,2388,1049],{"class":946},[936,2390,1062],{"class":1045},[936,2392,1049],{"class":946},[936,2394,1067],{"class":1045},[936,2396,1070],{"class":946},[936,2398,2399],{"class":938,"line":1106},[936,2400,2401],{"class":1102},"    \u002F\u002F 输出 a 中的元素，但以空格分隔\n",[936,2403,2404,2406,2408,2410,2412,2414,2416,2418,2420,2422,2424,2426,2428,2430,2432,2434,2436,2438,2441,2443,2445],{"class":938,"line":1135},[936,2405,1109],{"class":988},[936,2407,998],{"class":946},[936,2409,1114],{"class":1020},[936,2411,1093],{"class":946},[936,2413,1119],{"class":1038},[936,2415,1049],{"class":946},[936,2417,995],{"class":988},[936,2419,998],{"class":946},[936,2421,2257],{"class":1038},[936,2423,1082],{"class":946},[936,2425,1017],{"class":984},[936,2427,1087],{"class":946},[936,2429,1042],{"class":1038},[936,2431,1689],{"class":988},[936,2433,998],{"class":946},[936,2435,2118],{"class":1038},[936,2437,1049],{"class":946},[936,2439,2440],{"class":946}," \"",[936,2442,2440],{"class":946},[936,2444,1721],{"class":1038},[936,2446,1864],{"class":946},[936,2448,2449],{"class":938,"line":1140},[936,2450,1201],{"class":946},[1379,2452,2453,2475],{},[918,2454,2455,2456,2459,2460,2463,2464,2467,2468,2470,2471,2474],{},"类似地，既然有面向 ",[922,2457,2458],{},"std::ostream"," 的输出迭代器，自然也有面向 ",[922,2461,2462],{},"std::istream"," 的输入迭代器，比如 ",[922,2465,2466],{},"std::views::istream","：它接受一个 ",[922,2469,2462],{},"（如 ",[922,2472,2473],{},"std::cin"," 等），并返回一个视图。可直接从这个视图复制元素到别的地方：复制时，不断从输入流中取出元素，以空格分隔，直至 EOF。",[927,2476,2478],{"className":929,"code":2477,"language":931,"meta":932,"style":932},"#include \u003Cranges>\n#include \u003Cvector>\n#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Calgorithm>\n#include \u003Citerator>\nnamespace rg = std::ranges;\n\nint main() {\n    std::vector\u003Cint> a;\n    rg::copy(std::views::istream\u003Cint>(std::cin), std::back_inserter(a));\n    for (auto i : a) {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C i \u003C\u003C  ' ';\n    }\n}\n",[922,2479,2480,2490,2500,2510,2520,2530,2546,2550,2560,2579,2631,2650,2671,2675],{"__ignoreMap":932},[936,2481,2482,2484,2486,2488],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,2483,943],{"class":942},[936,2485,947],{"class":946},[936,2487,1001],{"class":950},[936,2489,954],{"class":946},[936,2491,2492,2494,2496,2498],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,2493,943],{"class":942},[936,2495,947],{"class":946},[936,2497,976],{"class":950},[936,2499,954],{"class":946},[936,2501,2502,2504,2506,2508],{"class":938,"line":969},[936,2503,943],{"class":942},[936,2505,947],{"class":946},[936,2507,951],{"class":950},[936,2509,954],{"class":946},[936,2511,2512,2514,2516,2518],{"class":938,"line":981},[936,2513,943],{"class":942},[936,2515,947],{"class":946},[936,2517,964],{"class":950},[936,2519,954],{"class":946},[936,2521,2522,2524,2526,2528],{"class":938,"line":1007},[936,2523,943],{"class":942},[936,2525,947],{"class":946},[936,2527,1948],{"class":950},[936,2529,954],{"class":946},[936,2531,2532,2534,2536,2538,2540,2542,2544],{"class":938,"line":1014},[936,2533,985],{"class":984},[936,2535,989],{"class":988},[936,2537,992],{"class":946},[936,2539,995],{"class":988},[936,2541,998],{"class":946},[936,2543,1001],{"class":988},[936,2545,1004],{"class":946},[936,2547,2548],{"class":938,"line":1030},[936,2549,1011],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1010},[936,2551,2552,2554,2556,2558],{"class":938,"line":1073},[936,2553,1017],{"class":984},[936,2555,1021],{"class":1020},[936,2557,1024],{"class":946},[936,2559,1027],{"class":946},[936,2561,2562,2564,2566,2568,2570,2572,2574,2577],{"class":938,"line":1106},[936,2563,1033],{"class":988},[936,2565,998],{"class":946},[936,2567,976],{"class":1038},[936,2569,1082],{"class":946},[936,2571,1017],{"class":984},[936,2573,1087],{"class":946},[936,2575,2576],{"class":1038}," a",[936,2578,1004],{"class":946},[936,2580,2581,2583,2585,2587,2589,2591,2593,2596,2598,2601,2603,2605,2608,2610,2612,2615,2618,2620,2622,2624,2626,2628],{"class":938,"line":1135},[936,2582,1109],{"class":988},[936,2584,998],{"class":946},[936,2586,1114],{"class":1020},[936,2588,1093],{"class":946},[936,2590,1689],{"class":988},[936,2592,998],{"class":946},[936,2594,2595],{"class":988},"views",[936,2597,998],{"class":946},[936,2599,2600],{"class":1020},"istream",[936,2602,1082],{"class":946},[936,2604,1017],{"class":984},[936,2606,2607],{"class":946},">(",[936,2609,1689],{"class":988},[936,2611,998],{"class":946},[936,2613,2614],{"class":1038},"cin",[936,2616,2617],{"class":946},"),",[936,2619,995],{"class":988},[936,2621,998],{"class":946},[936,2623,2053],{"class":1020},[936,2625,1093],{"class":946},[936,2627,1119],{"class":1038},[936,2629,2630],{"class":946},"));\n",[936,2632,2633,2635,2637,2640,2642,2644,2646,2648],{"class":938,"line":1140},[936,2634,1143],{"class":942},[936,2636,1146],{"class":946},[936,2638,2639],{"class":984},"auto",[936,2641,1151],{"class":1038},[936,2643,1154],{"class":946},[936,2645,2576],{"class":1038},[936,2647,1159],{"class":946},[936,2649,1027],{"class":946},[936,2651,2652,2654,2656,2658,2660,2662,2664,2667,2669],{"class":938,"line":1164},[936,2653,1167],{"class":988},[936,2655,998],{"class":946},[936,2657,1173],{"class":1172},[936,2659,1176],{"class":946},[936,2661,1151],{"class":1172},[936,2663,1176],{"class":946},[936,2665,2666],{"class":946},"  '",[936,2668,1597],{"class":946},[936,2670,1004],{"class":946},[936,2672,2673],{"class":938,"line":1192},[936,2674,1195],{"class":946},[936,2676,2677],{"class":938,"line":1198},[936,2678,1201],{"class":946},[2680,2681,2682],"h2",{"id":2682},"练习",[918,2684,2685,2687,2688,2690,2691,2694,2695,2697,2698,2700,2701,2703],{},[922,2686,2122],{}," 的实现和刚刚我们写的 ",[922,2689,1613],{}," 非常类似，即通过重载 ",[922,2692,2693],{},"operator="," 改变复制行为。你可以试一试自己实现一个简单版本的 ",[922,2696,2122],{},"（仅输出 ",[922,2699,1017],{}," 类型，仅输出到 ",[922,2702,2286],{},"）。",[918,2705,2706],{},"参考答案：",[927,2708,2710],{"className":929,"code":2709,"language":931,"meta":932,"style":932},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Calgorithm>\n#include \u003Cvector>\nnamespace rg = std::ranges;\n\nstruct CoutIter {\n    \u002F\u002F 编译器要求所有迭代器必须提供此定义\n    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;\n\n    const char* delim{nullptr};\n    CoutIter(const char* delim = \"\") : delim{delim} { }\n\n    CoutIter& operator++() { return *this; }\n    CoutIter& operator++(int) { return *this; }\n    CoutIter& operator*() { return *this; }\n\n    CoutIter& operator=(int val) {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C val \u003C\u003C delim;\n        return *this;\n    }\n};\n\nint main() {\n    std::vector a{1, 3, 5, 7, 9};\n    rg::copy(a, CoutIter{\" \"});\n}\n",[922,2711,2712,2722,2732,2742,2758,2762,2771,2776,2792,2796,2811,2848,2852,2872,2896,2916,2920,2940,2959,2965,2969,2974,2979,2990,3021,3048],{"__ignoreMap":932},[936,2713,2714,2716,2718,2720],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,2715,943],{"class":942},[936,2717,947],{"class":946},[936,2719,951],{"class":950},[936,2721,954],{"class":946},[936,2723,2724,2726,2728,2730],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,2725,943],{"class":942},[936,2727,947],{"class":946},[936,2729,964],{"class":950},[936,2731,954],{"class":946},[936,2733,2734,2736,2738,2740],{"class":938,"line":969},[936,2735,943],{"class":942},[936,2737,947],{"class":946},[936,2739,976],{"class":950},[936,2741,954],{"class":946},[936,2743,2744,2746,2748,2750,2752,2754,2756],{"class":938,"line":981},[936,2745,985],{"class":984},[936,2747,989],{"class":988},[936,2749,992],{"class":946},[936,2751,995],{"class":988},[936,2753,998],{"class":946},[936,2755,1001],{"class":988},[936,2757,1004],{"class":946},[936,2759,2760],{"class":938,"line":1007},[936,2761,1011],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1010},[936,2763,2764,2766,2769],{"class":938,"line":1014},[936,2765,1449],{"class":984},[936,2767,2768],{"class":988}," CoutIter",[936,2770,1027],{"class":946},[936,2772,2773],{"class":938,"line":1030},[936,2774,2775],{"class":1102},"    \u002F\u002F 编译器要求所有迭代器必须提供此定义\n",[936,2777,2778,2780,2782,2784,2786,2788,2790],{"class":938,"line":1073},[936,2779,1637],{"class":1045},[936,2781,1640],{"class":988},[936,2783,992],{"class":946},[936,2785,995],{"class":988},[936,2787,998],{"class":946},[936,2789,1649],{"class":988},[936,2791,1004],{"class":946},[936,2793,2794],{"class":938,"line":1106},[936,2795,1011],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1010},[936,2797,2798,2801,2804,2806,2809],{"class":938,"line":1135},[936,2799,2800],{"class":984},"    const",[936,2802,2803],{"class":984}," char",[936,2805,1802],{"class":946},[936,2807,2808],{"class":1172}," delim",[936,2810,1679],{"class":946},[936,2812,2813,2816,2818,2821,2824,2826,2828,2831,2833,2835,2837,2839,2842,2844,2846],{"class":938,"line":1140},[936,2814,2815],{"class":1020},"    CoutIter",[936,2817,1093],{"class":946},[936,2819,2820],{"class":984},"const",[936,2822,2823],{"class":984}," char*",[936,2825,2808],{"class":1258},[936,2827,992],{"class":946},[936,2829,2830],{"class":946}," 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val 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