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[&",[929,1138,1014],{"class":1013},[929,1140,1017],{"class":978},[929,1142,1020],{"class":991},[929,1144,1028],{"class":978},[929,1146,1031],{"class":978},[929,1148,1149],{"class":991}," n ",[929,1151,1007],{"class":978},[929,1153,1155],{"class":1154},"sbssI"," 42",[929,1157,1158],{"class":978},";",[929,1160,1062],{"class":978},[929,1162,1164,1167],{"class":966,"line":1163},5,[929,1165,1166],{"class":974},"    f",[929,1168,1169],{"class":978},"();\n",[929,1171,1173,1176,1178,1181,1184,1186,1188,1190,1192,1195,1197],{"class":966,"line":1172},6,[929,1174,1175],{"class":1038},"    std",[929,1177,1042],{"class":978},[929,1179,1180],{"class":991},"cout ",[929,1182,1183],{"class":978},"\u003C\u003C",[929,1185,1149],{"class":991},[929,1187,1183],{"class":978},[929,1189,1039],{"class":1038},[929,1191,1042],{"class":978},[929,1193,1194],{"class":991},"endl",[929,1196,1158],{"class":978},[929,1198,1200],{"class":1199},"sHwdD"," \u002F\u002F 输出 42\n",[929,1202,1204],{"class":966,"line":1203},7,[929,1205,1068],{"class":978},[919,1207,1208,1209,1212,1213,1216],{},"这个例子中，",[947,1210,1211],{},"&n"," 就是引用捕获。引用捕获符的语法是 ",[947,1214,1215],{},"@\"&\"变量名@","，它的语义相当于：",[956,1218,1220],{"className":958,"code":1219,"language":960,"meta":961,"style":961},"struct MyLambda {\n    int& n{\u002F* main 函数中的 n *\u002F};\n\n    auto operator()() const {\n        n = 42;\n    }\n};\nMyLambda f;\n",[947,1221,1222,1232,1251,1257,1273,1284,1289,1293],{"__ignoreMap":961},[929,1223,1224,1227,1230],{"class":966,"line":967},[929,1225,1226],{"class":970},"struct",[929,1228,1229],{"class":1038}," MyLambda",[929,1231,982],{"class":978},[929,1233,1234,1236,1239,1242,1245,1248],{"class":966,"line":985},[929,1235,988],{"class":970},[929,1237,1238],{"class":978},"&",[929,1240,992],{"class":1241},"swJcz",[929,1243,1244],{"class":978},"{",[929,1246,1247],{"class":1199},"\u002F* main 函数中的 n *\u002F",[929,1249,1250],{"class":978},"};\n",[929,1252,1253],{"class":966,"line":998},[929,1254,1256],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1255},true,"\n",[929,1258,1259,1261,1264,1266,1268,1271],{"class":966,"line":1065},[929,1260,1001],{"class":970},[929,1262,1263],{"class":1154}," operator",[929,1265,979],{"class":1038},[929,1267,979],{"class":978},[929,1269,1270],{"class":970}," const",[929,1272,982],{"class":978},[929,1274,1275,1278,1280,1282],{"class":966,"line":1163},[929,1276,1277],{"class":1241},"        n ",[929,1279,1007],{"class":978},[929,1281,1155],{"class":1154},[929,1283,995],{"class":978},[929,1285,1286],{"class":966,"line":1172},[929,1287,1288],{"class":978},"    }\n",[929,1290,1291],{"class":966,"line":1203},[929,1292,1250],{"class":978},[929,1294,1296,1299],{"class":966,"line":1295},8,[929,1297,1298],{"class":991},"MyLambda f",[929,1300,995],{"class":978},[919,1302,1303,1304,1306,1307,1309,1310,1312,1313,1315,1316,1319],{},"即匿名类的成员 ",[947,1305,1014],{}," 具有引用类型，且绑定到 main 函数中的局部变量 ",[947,1308,1014],{},"。这样，在 Lambda 表达式内对 ",[947,1311,1014],{}," 修改也会影响到全局的 ",[947,1314,1014],{},"。引用捕获和复制捕获可以同时出现，比如 ",[947,1317,1318],{},"[&a, b]","，但不能是同一变量名。",[1321,1322,1323],"blockquote",{},[919,1324,1325],{},"标准不要求引用捕获必须如此实现，也可以通过指针等实现。",[1327,1328,1329],"h2",{"id":1329},"默认捕获符",[919,1331,1332],{},"如果有大量的局部变量需要被捕获，那手动列举出所有待捕获的变量是一件很繁琐的事。C++ 提供了默认捕获符语法，可以捕获 Lambda 表达式所在作用域内的所有名字。",[919,1334,1335,1338],{},[947,1336,1337],{},"[=]"," 是默认复制捕获符。它将当前作用域内的所有变量复制一份到匿名类的成员：",[956,1340,1342],{"className":958,"code":1341,"language":960,"meta":961,"style":961},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nint main() {\n    int a{1}, b{2}, c{3};\n    \u002F\u002F 复制捕获 a, b, c\n    auto f = [=] { return a + b + c; }; \u002F\u002F 空的参数列表 () 可省略\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C f() \u003C\u003C std::endl; \u002F\u002F 输出 6\n}\n",[947,1343,1344,1354,1364,1398,1403,1439,1468],{"__ignoreMap":961},[929,1345,1346,1348,1350,1352],{"class":966,"line":967},[929,1347,1097],{"class":1034},[929,1349,1100],{"class":978},[929,1351,1104],{"class":1103},[929,1353,1107],{"class":978},[929,1355,1356,1358,1360,1362],{"class":966,"line":985},[929,1357,971],{"class":970},[929,1359,975],{"class":974},[929,1361,979],{"class":978},[929,1363,982],{"class":978},[929,1365,1366,1368,1370,1372,1375,1378,1381,1383,1386,1388,1391,1393,1396],{"class":966,"line":998},[929,1367,988],{"class":970},[929,1369,1025],{"class":991},[929,1371,1244],{"class":978},[929,1373,1374],{"class":1154},"1",[929,1376,1377],{"class":978},"},",[929,1379,1380],{"class":991}," b",[929,1382,1244],{"class":978},[929,1384,1385],{"class":1154},"2",[929,1387,1377],{"class":978},[929,1389,1390],{"class":991}," c",[929,1392,1244],{"class":978},[929,1394,1395],{"class":1154},"3",[929,1397,1250],{"class":978},[929,1399,1400],{"class":966,"line":1065},[929,1401,1402],{"class":1199},"    \u002F\u002F 复制捕获 a, b, c\n",[929,1404,1405,1407,1409,1411,1414,1416,1418,1421,1424,1427,1429,1431,1433,1436],{"class":966,"line":1163},[929,1406,1001],{"class":970},[929,1408,1004],{"class":991},[929,1410,1007],{"class":978},[929,1412,1413],{"class":978}," [=]",[929,1415,1031],{"class":978},[929,1417,1035],{"class":1034},[929,1419,1420],{"class":991}," a ",[929,1422,1423],{"class":978},"+",[929,1425,1426],{"class":991}," b ",[929,1428,1423],{"class":978},[929,1430,1390],{"class":991},[929,1432,1158],{"class":978},[929,1434,1435],{"class":978}," };",[929,1437,1438],{"class":1199}," \u002F\u002F 空的参数列表 () 可省略\n",[929,1440,1441,1443,1445,1447,1449,1452,1454,1457,1459,1461,1463,1465],{"class":966,"line":1172},[929,1442,1175],{"class":1038},[929,1444,1042],{"class":978},[929,1446,1180],{"class":991},[929,1448,1183],{"class":978},[929,1450,1451],{"class":974}," f",[929,1453,979],{"class":978},[929,1455,1456],{"class":978}," \u003C\u003C",[929,1458,1039],{"class":1038},[929,1460,1042],{"class":978},[929,1462,1194],{"class":991},[929,1464,1158],{"class":978},[929,1466,1467],{"class":1199}," \u002F\u002F 输出 6\n",[929,1469,1470],{"class":966,"line":1203},[929,1471,1068],{"class":978},[919,1473,1474,1477],{},[947,1475,1476],{},"[&]"," 是默认引用捕获符。Lambda 表达式内可以访问和修改当前作用于内的所有变量。",[956,1479,1481],{"className":958,"code":1480,"language":960,"meta":961,"style":961},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nint main() {\n    int a{42}, b{56};\n    auto swap = [&] {\n        int c;\n        c = a; \u002F\u002F 可以访问并修改 main 中的局部变量\n        a = b;\n        b = c;\n    };\n    swap();\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C ' ' \u003C\u003C b \u003C\u003C std::endl; \u002F\u002F 56 42\n}\n",[947,1482,1483,1493,1503,1525,1539,1548,1562,1573,1584,1590,1598,1635],{"__ignoreMap":961},[929,1484,1485,1487,1489,1491],{"class":966,"line":967},[929,1486,1097],{"class":1034},[929,1488,1100],{"class":978},[929,1490,1104],{"class":1103},[929,1492,1107],{"class":978},[929,1494,1495,1497,1499,1501],{"class":966,"line":985},[929,1496,971],{"class":970},[929,1498,975],{"class":974},[929,1500,979],{"class":978},[929,1502,982],{"class":978},[929,1504,1505,1507,1509,1511,1514,1516,1518,1520,1523],{"class":966,"line":998},[929,1506,988],{"class":970},[929,1508,1025],{"class":991},[929,1510,1244],{"class":978},[929,1512,1513],{"class":1154},"42",[929,1515,1377],{"class":978},[929,1517,1380],{"class":991},[929,1519,1244],{"class":978},[929,1521,1522],{"class":1154},"56",[929,1524,1250],{"class":978},[929,1526,1527,1529,1532,1534,1537],{"class":966,"line":1065},[929,1528,1001],{"class":970},[929,1530,1531],{"class":991}," swap ",[929,1533,1007],{"class":978},[929,1535,1536],{"class":978}," [&]",[929,1538,982],{"class":978},[929,1540,1541,1544,1546],{"class":966,"line":1163},[929,1542,1543],{"class":970},"        int",[929,1545,1390],{"class":991},[929,1547,995],{"class":978},[929,1549,1550,1553,1555,1557,1559],{"class":966,"line":1172},[929,1551,1552],{"class":991},"        c ",[929,1554,1007],{"class":978},[929,1556,1025],{"class":991},[929,1558,1158],{"class":978},[929,1560,1561],{"class":1199}," \u002F\u002F 可以访问并修改 main 中的局部变量\n",[929,1563,1564,1567,1569,1571],{"class":966,"line":1203},[929,1565,1566],{"class":991},"        a ",[929,1568,1007],{"class":978},[929,1570,1380],{"class":991},[929,1572,995],{"class":978},[929,1574,1575,1578,1580,1582],{"class":966,"line":1295},[929,1576,1577],{"class":991},"        b ",[929,1579,1007],{"class":978},[929,1581,1390],{"class":991},[929,1583,995],{"class":978},[929,1585,1587],{"class":966,"line":1586},9,[929,1588,1589],{"class":978},"    };\n",[929,1591,1593,1596],{"class":966,"line":1592},10,[929,1594,1595],{"class":974},"    swap",[929,1597,1169],{"class":978},[929,1599,1601,1603,1605,1607,1609,1611,1613,1616,1618,1620,1622,1624,1626,1628,1630,1632],{"class":966,"line":1600},11,[929,1602,1175],{"class":1038},[929,1604,1042],{"class":978},[929,1606,1180],{"class":991},[929,1608,1183],{"class":978},[929,1610,1420],{"class":991},[929,1612,1183],{"class":978},[929,1614,1615],{"class":978}," '",[929,1617,1615],{"class":978},[929,1619,1456],{"class":978},[929,1621,1426],{"class":991},[929,1623,1183],{"class":978},[929,1625,1039],{"class":1038},[929,1627,1042],{"class":978},[929,1629,1194],{"class":991},[929,1631,1158],{"class":978},[929,1633,1634],{"class":1199}," \u002F\u002F 56 42\n",[929,1636,1638],{"class":966,"line":1637},12,[929,1639,1068],{"class":978},[919,1641,1642,1643,1646,1647,1649,1650,1653,1654,1657],{},"默认复制捕获符后可跟随若干引用捕获符，比如 ",[947,1644,1645],{},"[=, &a, &b]","，此时只有 ",[947,1648,1051],{}," 和 ",[947,1651,1652],{},"b"," 是引用捕获，其余变量是复制捕获。类似地，也有 ",[947,1655,1656],{},"[&, a, b]"," 等写法。",[1327,1659,1661,1664],{"id":1660},"mutable-修饰",[947,1662,1663],{},"mutable"," 修饰",[919,1666,1667,1668,1671,1672,1675,1676,1679],{},"默认情形下，Lambda 表达式生成的匿名类的 ",[947,1669,1670],{},"operator()"," 是带有 ",[947,1673,1674],{},"const"," 限定的。比如，",[947,1677,1678],{},"[](\u002Fint a) { return a + 1; }"," 生成的匿名类是：",[956,1681,1683],{"className":958,"code":1682,"language":960,"meta":961,"style":961},"struct MyLambda {\n    auto operator()(int a) const {\n        return a + 1;\n    }\n};\n",[947,1684,1685,1693,1713,1727,1731],{"__ignoreMap":961},[929,1686,1687,1689,1691],{"class":966,"line":967},[929,1688,1226],{"class":970},[929,1690,1229],{"class":1038},[929,1692,982],{"class":978},[929,1694,1695,1697,1699,1701,1703,1705,1707,1709,1711],{"class":966,"line":985},[929,1696,1001],{"class":970},[929,1698,1263],{"class":1154},[929,1700,979],{"class":1038},[929,1702,1048],{"class":978},[929,1704,971],{"class":970},[929,1706,1025],{"class":1013},[929,1708,1028],{"class":978},[929,1710,1270],{"class":970},[929,1712,982],{"class":978},[929,1714,1715,1718,1720,1722,1725],{"class":966,"line":998},[929,1716,1717],{"class":1034},"        return",[929,1719,1420],{"class":1241},[929,1721,1423],{"class":978},[929,1723,1724],{"class":1154}," 1",[929,1726,995],{"class":978},[929,1728,1729],{"class":966,"line":1065},[929,1730,1288],{"class":978},[929,1732,1733],{"class":966,"line":1163},[929,1734,1250],{"class":978},[919,1736,1737],{},"这使得 Lambda 表达式函数体内不能修改匿名类的成员，也就是不可以修改复制捕获到的变量。",[956,1739,1741],{"className":958,"code":1740,"language":960,"meta":961,"style":961},"int main() {\n    int a;\n    [=] { a = 42; }; \u002F\u002F 编译错误：a 被复制捕获，但函数体不能修改它\n}\n",[947,1742,1743,1753,1761,1781],{"__ignoreMap":961},[929,1744,1745,1747,1749,1751],{"class":966,"line":967},[929,1746,971],{"class":970},[929,1748,975],{"class":974},[929,1750,979],{"class":978},[929,1752,982],{"class":978},[929,1754,1755,1757,1759],{"class":966,"line":985},[929,1756,988],{"class":970},[929,1758,1025],{"class":991},[929,1760,995],{"class":978},[929,1762,1763,1766,1768,1770,1772,1774,1776,1778],{"class":966,"line":998},[929,1764,1765],{"class":978},"    [=]",[929,1767,1031],{"class":978},[929,1769,1420],{"class":991},[929,1771,1007],{"class":978},[929,1773,1155],{"class":1154},[929,1775,1158],{"class":978},[929,1777,1435],{"class":978},[929,1779,1780],{"class":1199}," \u002F\u002F 编译错误：a 被复制捕获，但函数体不能修改它\n",[929,1782,1783],{"class":966,"line":1065},[929,1784,1068],{"class":978},[919,1786,1787,1788,1790],{},"为了解除这一限制，可在 Lambda 表达式中添加 ",[947,1789,1663],{}," 修饰：",[956,1792,1794],{"className":958,"code":1793,"language":960,"meta":961,"style":961},"int main() {\n    int a;\n    [=] mutable { a = 42; }; \u002F\u002F OK\n}\n",[947,1795,1796,1806,1814,1836],{"__ignoreMap":961},[929,1797,1798,1800,1802,1804],{"class":966,"line":967},[929,1799,971],{"class":970},[929,1801,975],{"class":974},[929,1803,979],{"class":978},[929,1805,982],{"class":978},[929,1807,1808,1810,1812],{"class":966,"line":985},[929,1809,988],{"class":970},[929,1811,1025],{"class":991},[929,1813,995],{"class":978},[929,1815,1816,1818,1821,1823,1825,1827,1829,1831,1833],{"class":966,"line":998},[929,1817,1765],{"class":978},[929,1819,1820],{"class":970}," mutable",[929,1822,1031],{"class":978},[929,1824,1420],{"class":991},[929,1826,1007],{"class":978},[929,1828,1155],{"class":1154},[929,1830,1158],{"class":978},[929,1832,1435],{"class":978},[929,1834,1835],{"class":1199}," \u002F\u002F OK\n",[929,1837,1838],{"class":966,"line":1065},[929,1839,1068],{"class":978},[919,1841,1842,1843,1845,1846,1848,1849,1851],{},"有 ",[947,1844,1663],{}," 修饰的 Lambda 表达式，生成匿名类时不会为 ",[947,1847,1670],{}," 添加 ",[947,1850,1674],{}," 修饰。",[1321,1853,1854,1862],{},[919,1855,1856,1858,1859,1861],{},[947,1857,1663],{}," 关键字本意是修饰一些非静态成员，使得它们在整个对象为 ",[947,1860,1674],{}," 时仍然可以改动。比如：",[956,1863,1865],{"className":958,"code":1864,"language":960,"meta":961,"style":961},"struct S {\n    int a;\n    mutable int b;\n};\nconst S s{};\nint main() {\n    s.a = 1; \u002F\u002F 错误：s.a 只读\n    s.b = 2; \u002F\u002F OK\n}\n",[947,1866,1867,1876,1884,1896,1900,1910,1920,1940,1958],{"__ignoreMap":961},[929,1868,1869,1871,1874],{"class":966,"line":967},[929,1870,1226],{"class":970},[929,1872,1873],{"class":1038}," S",[929,1875,982],{"class":978},[929,1877,1878,1880,1882],{"class":966,"line":985},[929,1879,988],{"class":970},[929,1881,1025],{"class":1241},[929,1883,995],{"class":978},[929,1885,1886,1889,1892,1894],{"class":966,"line":998},[929,1887,1888],{"class":970},"    mutable",[929,1890,1891],{"class":970}," int",[929,1893,1380],{"class":1241},[929,1895,995],{"class":978},[929,1897,1898],{"class":966,"line":1065},[929,1899,1250],{"class":978},[929,1901,1902,1904,1907],{"class":966,"line":1163},[929,1903,1674],{"class":970},[929,1905,1906],{"class":991}," S s",[929,1908,1909],{"class":978},"{};\n",[929,1911,1912,1914,1916,1918],{"class":966,"line":1172},[929,1913,971],{"class":970},[929,1915,975],{"class":974},[929,1917,979],{"class":978},[929,1919,982],{"class":978},[929,1921,1922,1925,1928,1931,1933,1935,1937],{"class":966,"line":1203},[929,1923,1924],{"class":991},"    s",[929,1926,1927],{"class":978},".",[929,1929,1930],{"class":991},"a ",[929,1932,1007],{"class":978},[929,1934,1724],{"class":1154},[929,1936,1158],{"class":978},[929,1938,1939],{"class":1199}," \u002F\u002F 错误：s.a 只读\n",[929,1941,1942,1944,1946,1949,1951,1954,1956],{"class":966,"line":1295},[929,1943,1924],{"class":991},[929,1945,1927],{"class":978},[929,1947,1948],{"class":991},"b ",[929,1950,1007],{"class":978},[929,1952,1953],{"class":1154}," 2",[929,1955,1158],{"class":978},[929,1957,1835],{"class":1199},[929,1959,1960],{"class":966,"line":1586},[929,1961,1068],{"class":978},[1327,1963,1964],{"id":1964},"其它语法",[919,1966,1967,1968,1974],{},"C++14 之后，捕获符还包含许多其它形式，比如带初始化器的捕获、形参包的捕获等等。它们出现的场合并不多，我就不在这里详细介绍了。有兴趣的读者可参阅 ",[1051,1969,1973],{"href":1970,"rel":1971},"https:\u002F\u002Fzh.cppreference.com\u002Fw\u002Fcpp\u002Flanguage\u002Flambda",[1972],"nofollow","CppReference","。",[1976,1977,1978],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki .spNyl{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .s2Zo4, html code.shiki .s2Zo4{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#82AAFF;--shiki-dark:#82AAFF}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .sTEyZ, html code.shiki .sTEyZ{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-dark:#BABED8}html pre.shiki code .sHdIc, html code.shiki .sHdIc{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#BABED8;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s7zQu, html code.shiki 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