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self",[936,1144,1145],{"class":950},"->",[936,1147,922],{"class":1026},[936,1149,988],{"class":950},[936,1151,1152],{"class":938,"line":997},[936,1153,1055],{"class":950},[936,1155,1156],{"class":938,"line":1003},[936,1157,1007],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1006},[936,1159,1160,1162,1164,1166],{"class":938,"line":1010},[936,1161,1013],{"class":942},[936,1163,1016],{"class":973},[936,1165,977],{"class":950},[936,1167,951],{"class":950},[936,1169,1170,1172],{"class":938,"line":1023},[936,1171,1027],{"class":1026},[936,1173,1030],{"class":950},[936,1175,1176,1179,1182,1184],{"class":938,"line":1033},[936,1177,1178],{"class":973},"    S_inc",[936,1180,1181],{"class":950},"(&",[936,1183,1072],{"class":1026},[936,1185,1186],{"class":950},");\n",[936,1188,1189],{"class":938,"line":1052},[936,1190,1055],{"class":950},[918,1192,1193,1194,1196,1197,1200,1201,1204,1205,1208,1209,1211,1212,1214,1215,1218,1219,1221,1222,1225,1226,1229,1230,1232,1233,1235,1236,1239,1240,1243,1244,1247],{},"成员函数 ",[933,1195,1042],{}," 被改写为全局的普通函数 ",[933,1198,1199],{},"S_inc","，同时添加了 ",[933,1202,1203],{},"S*"," 类型的形参 ",[933,1206,1207],{},"self","。调用这个“成员函数”时，需要将被调用的对象的地址传入。访问成员数据时，就通过这个 ",[933,1210,1207],{}," 去间接地做。其实这里的 ",[933,1213,1207],{}," 就是 C++ 中的 ",[933,1216,1217],{},"this"," 指针。成员函数相当于一个自带 ",[933,1220,1217],{}," 指针形参的普通函数。比如对于类型 ",[933,1223,1224],{},"T"," 的非静态成员函数 ",[933,1227,1228],{},"mem","，",[933,1231,1224],{}," 类型对象 ",[933,1234,922],{}," 调用 ",[933,1237,1238],{},"a.mem(args...)"," 就相当于仿佛有一个全局函数 ",[933,1241,1242],{},"T::mem","，并以 ",[933,1245,1246],{},"T::mem(&a, args...)"," 的形式去调用。",[918,1249,1250,1251,1253],{},"所以说，非静态成员函数和非静态成员数据有本质上的不同。成员数据是每个对象都各自持有的，但成员函数某种意义上说是“共享的”“全局的”，只是在调用的时候“传入”了不同的 ",[933,1252,1217],{}," 指针。",[918,1255,1256],{},"C++23 支持一种“返璞归真”的写法，显式 this 参数。",[926,1258,1260],{"className":928,"code":1259,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"struct S {\n    int a;\n    void inc(this S& self) {\n        self.a++;\n    }\n};\n\nint main() {\n    S s{};\n    s.inc();\n}\n",[933,1261,1262,1270,1278,1299,1310,1314,1318,1322,1332,1338,1349],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,1263,1264,1266,1268],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,1265,943],{"class":942},[936,1267,947],{"class":946},[936,1269,951],{"class":950},[936,1271,1272,1274,1276],{"class":938,"line":954},[936,1273,957],{"class":942},[936,1275,961],{"class":960},[936,1277,964],{"class":950},[936,1279,1280,1282,1284,1286,1288,1290,1293,1295,1297],{"class":938,"line":967},[936,1281,970],{"class":942},[936,1283,974],{"class":973},[936,1285,1122],{"class":950},[936,1287,1217],{"class":946},[936,1289,947],{"class":946},[936,1291,1292],{"class":942},"&",[936,1294,1132],{"class":1131},[936,1296,1135],{"class":950},[936,1298,951],{"class":950},[936,1300,1301,1304,1306,1308],{"class":938,"line":982},[936,1302,1303],{"class":1026},"        self",[936,1305,1039],{"class":950},[936,1307,922],{"class":1026},[936,1309,988],{"class":950},[936,1311,1312],{"class":938,"line":991},[936,1313,994],{"class":950},[936,1315,1316],{"class":938,"line":997},[936,1317,1000],{"class":950},[936,1319,1320],{"class":938,"line":1003},[936,1321,1007],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1006},[936,1323,1324,1326,1328,1330],{"class":938,"line":1010},[936,1325,1013],{"class":942},[936,1327,1016],{"class":973},[936,1329,977],{"class":950},[936,1331,951],{"class":950},[936,1333,1334,1336],{"class":938,"line":1023},[936,1335,1027],{"class":1026},[936,1337,1030],{"class":950},[936,1339,1340,1342,1344,1346],{"class":938,"line":1033},[936,1341,1036],{"class":1026},[936,1343,1039],{"class":950},[936,1345,1042],{"class":973},[936,1347,1348],{"class":950},"();\n",[936,1350,1351],{"class":938,"line":1052},[936,1352,1055],{"class":950},[918,1354,1355,1356,1358,1359,1361,1362,1364,1365,1364,1368,1371,1372,1374,1375,1377,1378,1380,1381,1383,1384,1387,1388,1390],{},"这种写法允许在成员函数的首个形参位置上添加一个 ",[933,1357,1217],{}," 关键字修饰，从而表明这个形参代表了当前被调用的对象。这个形参的类型必须是 ",[933,1360,1125],{}," 相关的类型（",[933,1363,1125],{}," ",[933,1366,1367],{},"S&",[933,1369,1370],{},"const S&"," ...），形参名可以是任意的（一般都写成 ",[933,1373,1207],{},"）。在函数体中，不能使用 ",[933,1376,1217],{}," 或者隐式的 ",[933,1379,1217],{}," （即 ",[933,1382,922],{}," 或 ",[933,1385,1386],{},"this->a"," 都不允许），只能通过这个 ",[933,1389,1207],{}," 来访问被调用的对象，正如普通的全局函数那样。这种写法相比“面向对象的写法”更啰嗦，但更能体现非静态成员函数的“本质”。",[1392,1393,1394,1403],"blockquote",{},[918,1395,1396,1397,1364,1400,1402],{},"这种写法的唯一用途是 ",[933,1398,1399],{},"std::forward",[933,1401,1217],{}," 以保证值类别不变。比如：",[926,1404,1407],{"className":928,"code":1405,"language":930,"meta":1406,"style":931},"template\u003Ctypename T>\nvoid foobar(T&&); \u002F\u002F 某个左右值通用的函数\n\nstruct S {\n    template\u003Ctypename T>\n    void mem(this T&& self) {\n        \u002F\u002F do something...\n        foobar(std::forward\u003CT>(self)); \u002F\u002F 将 self 完美转发\n    }\n};\n","codemo",[933,1408,1409,1426,1446,1450,1458,1471,1492,1497,1528,1532],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,1410,1411,1414,1417,1420,1423],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,1412,1413],{"class":942},"template",[936,1415,1416],{"class":950},"\u003C",[936,1418,1419],{"class":942},"typename",[936,1421,1422],{"class":946}," T",[936,1424,1425],{"class":950},">\n",[936,1427,1428,1430,1433,1435,1437,1440,1443],{"class":938,"line":954},[936,1429,1116],{"class":942},[936,1431,1432],{"class":973}," foobar",[936,1434,1122],{"class":950},[936,1436,1224],{"class":946},[936,1438,1439],{"class":942},"&&",[936,1441,1442],{"class":950},");",[936,1444,1445],{"class":1048}," \u002F\u002F 某个左右值通用的函数\n",[936,1447,1448],{"class":938,"line":967},[936,1449,1007],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1006},[936,1451,1452,1454,1456],{"class":938,"line":982},[936,1453,943],{"class":942},[936,1455,947],{"class":946},[936,1457,951],{"class":950},[936,1459,1460,1463,1465,1467,1469],{"class":938,"line":991},[936,1461,1462],{"class":942},"    template",[936,1464,1416],{"class":950},[936,1466,1419],{"class":942},[936,1468,1422],{"class":946},[936,1470,1425],{"class":950},[936,1472,1473,1475,1478,1480,1482,1484,1486,1488,1490],{"class":938,"line":997},[936,1474,970],{"class":942},[936,1476,1477],{"class":973}," mem",[936,1479,1122],{"class":950},[936,1481,1217],{"class":946},[936,1483,1422],{"class":946},[936,1485,1439],{"class":942},[936,1487,1132],{"class":1131},[936,1489,1135],{"class":950},[936,1491,951],{"class":950},[936,1493,1494],{"class":938,"line":1003},[936,1495,1496],{"class":1048},"        \u002F\u002F do something...\n",[936,1498,1499,1502,1504,1507,1510,1513,1515,1517,1520,1522,1525],{"class":938,"line":1010},[936,1500,1501],{"class":973},"        foobar",[936,1503,1122],{"class":950},[936,1505,1506],{"class":946},"std",[936,1508,1509],{"class":950},"::",[936,1511,1512],{"class":973},"forward",[936,1514,1416],{"class":950},[936,1516,1224],{"class":946},[936,1518,1519],{"class":950},">(",[936,1521,1207],{"class":960},[936,1523,1524],{"class":950},"));",[936,1526,1527],{"class":1048}," \u002F\u002F 将 self 完美转发\n",[936,1529,1530],{"class":938,"line":1023},[936,1531,994],{"class":950},[936,1533,1534],{"class":938,"line":1033},[936,1535,1000],{"class":950},[918,1537,1538],{},"那么话说回来，怎样在 C++ 中表示这个“本质”上的普通函数呢？这就需要用到一个冷门的语法——成员指针与成员指针运算符。",[1081,1540,1541],{"id":1541},"成员指针运算符",[1543,1544,1545,1561],"table",{},[1546,1547,1548],"thead",{},[1549,1550,1551,1555,1558],"tr",{},[1552,1553,1554],"th",{},"运算符",[1552,1556,1557],{},"名称",[1552,1559,1560],{},"作用",[1562,1563,1564,1577],"tbody",{},[1549,1565,1566,1572,1574],{},[1567,1568,1569],"td",{},[933,1570,1571],{},".*",[1567,1573,1541],{},[1567,1575,1576],{},"给定某一对象，对成员指针解地址",[1549,1578,1579,1584,1587],{},[1567,1580,1581],{},[933,1582,1583],{},"->*",[1567,1585,1586],{},"指针成员指针运算符",[1567,1588,1589],{},"给定指向某一对象的指针，对成员指针解地址",[1591,1592,1593],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki .spNyl{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki .sBMFI{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .swJcz, html code.shiki .swJcz{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#F07178;--shiki-dark:#F07178}html pre.shiki code .s2Zo4, html code.shiki .s2Zo4{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#82AAFF;--shiki-dark:#82AAFF}html pre.shiki code .sTEyZ, html code.shiki .sTEyZ{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-dark:#BABED8}html pre.shiki code .sHwdD, html code.shiki .sHwdD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#546E7A;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#676E95;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sHdIc, html code.shiki .sHdIc{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#BABED8;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":931,"searchDepth":939,"depth":954,"links":1595},[1596,1597],{"id":1083,"depth":954,"text":1083},{"id":1541,"depth":954,"text":1541},"md",null,{},{"icon":777},{"title":787,"description":787},"bHGCsf2ckyiK0YmDXX_0V0B5QQrf9VkayhV5B5vsEJ0",[1605,1607],{"title":783,"path":784,"stem":785,"description":1606,"icon":777,"children":-1},"第十章中，我提及了一个非常常用的标准库函数 std::swap。",{"title":791,"path":792,"stem":793,"description":791,"icon":777,"children":-1},1784618140084]