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\u003C\u003C",[958,1155,976],{"class":968},[958,1157,979],{"class":972},[958,1159,1160],{"class":1138},"endl",[958,1162,985],{"class":972},[958,1164,1166,1169,1172],{"class":960,"line":1165},9,[958,1167,1168],{"class":972},"    }",[958,1170,1171],{"class":1026}," else",[958,1173,1088],{"class":972},[958,1175,1177,1179,1181,1183,1185,1187,1190,1192,1194,1196,1198,1200],{"class":960,"line":1176},10,[958,1178,1133],{"class":968},[958,1180,979],{"class":972},[958,1182,1139],{"class":1138},[958,1184,1142],{"class":972},[958,1186,1145],{"class":972},[958,1188,1189],{"class":1033},"a.txt not exists.",[958,1191,1117],{"class":972},[958,1193,1153],{"class":972},[958,1195,976],{"class":968},[958,1197,979],{"class":972},[958,1199,1160],{"class":1138},[958,1201,985],{"class":972},[958,1203,1205],{"class":960,"line":1204},11,[958,1206,1207],{"class":972},"    }\n",[958,1209,1211],{"class":960,"line":1210},12,[958,1212,1213],{"class":972},"}\n",[918,1215,1216,1217,1220,1221,1224,1225,1228,1229,1231,1232,1234],{},"::: tip\n本节中，“字符串”大多持有“文件路径”的含义。它实际上是 ",[922,1218,1219],{},"fs::path"," 类的对象，可以从 C 风格字符串、",[922,1222,1223],{},"std::string"," 和 ",[922,1226,1227],{},"std::string_view"," 转换而来。换而言之，凡是期望字符串作为参数的文件系统库函数，实参可以是 C 风格字符串、",[922,1230,1223],{}," 或 ",[922,1233,1227],{},"。\n:::",[994,1236,1237],{"id":1237},"新建文件夹",[918,1239,1240,1241,1244],{},"::: tip\n关于如何新建文件而非文件夹（目录），参阅",[1242,1243,718],"a",{"href":720},"部分。\n:::",[918,1246,1247,1248,1251],{},"使用函数 ",[922,1249,1250],{},"fs::create_directories"," 来新建文件夹。向它传入一个路径，然后这个函数就会创建该路径对应的文件夹。",[949,1253,1255],{"className":951,"code":1254,"language":953,"meta":954,"style":954},"#include \u003Cfilesystem>\nnamespace fs = std::filesystem;\n\nint main() {\n    \u002F\u002F 新建文件夹 foo，其下创建文件夹 bar，bar 下创建文件夹 baz\n    fs::create_directories(\"foo\u002Fbar\u002Fbaz\");\n}\n",[922,1256,1257,1267,1283,1287,1297,1302,1324],{"__ignoreMap":954},[958,1258,1259,1261,1263,1265],{"class":960,"line":961},[958,1260,1027],{"class":1026},[958,1262,1030],{"class":972},[958,1264,982],{"class":1033},[958,1266,1037],{"class":972},[958,1268,1269,1271,1273,1275,1277,1279,1281],{"class":960,"line":1040},[958,1270,965],{"class":964},[958,1272,969],{"class":968},[958,1274,973],{"class":972},[958,1276,976],{"class":968},[958,1278,979],{"class":972},[958,1280,982],{"class":968},[958,1282,985],{"class":972},[958,1284,1285],{"class":960,"line":1051},[958,1286,1072],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1071},[958,1288,1289,1291,1293,1295],{"class":960,"line":1068},[958,1290,1078],{"class":964},[958,1292,1082],{"class":1081},[958,1294,1085],{"class":972},[958,1296,1088],{"class":972},[958,1298,1299],{"class":960,"line":1075},[958,1300,1301],{"class":1094},"    \u002F\u002F 新建文件夹 foo，其下创建文件夹 bar，bar 下创建文件夹 baz\n",[958,1303,1304,1307,1309,1312,1314,1316,1319,1321],{"class":960,"line":1091},[958,1305,1306],{"class":968},"    fs",[958,1308,979],{"class":972},[958,1310,1311],{"class":1081},"create_directories",[958,1313,1114],{"class":972},[958,1315,1117],{"class":972},[958,1317,1318],{"class":1033},"foo\u002Fbar\u002Fbaz",[958,1320,1117],{"class":972},[958,1322,1323],{"class":972},");\n",[958,1325,1326],{"class":960,"line":1098},[958,1327,1213],{"class":972},[918,1329,1330,1331,1333],{},"若这些文件夹部分或全部存在，那么执行该函数不会有任何错误，只是简单地跳过对它们的创建。所以，",[922,1332,1250],{}," 用起来还是很舒服的。",[918,1335,1336,1337,1340],{},"这个函数有一个亲戚 ",[922,1338,1339],{},"fs::create_directory","，它更严格地要求其所创建的文件夹的父文件夹必须存在，否则抛出异常。",[994,1342,1343],{"id":1343},"删除文件或目录",[918,1345,1346,1347,1350],{},"函数 ",[922,1348,1349],{},"fs::remove_all"," 可以删除一个文件或者目录。",[949,1352,1354],{"className":951,"code":1353,"language":953,"meta":954,"style":954},"#include \u003Cfilesystem>\nnamespace fs = std::filesystem;\n\nint main() {\n    \u002F\u002F 若 foo 是文件，则删除它；\n    \u002F\u002F 若 foo 是文件夹，则删除它自己以及其下所有文件\n    fs::remove_all(\"foo\");\n}\n",[922,1355,1356,1366,1382,1386,1396,1401,1406,1426],{"__ignoreMap":954},[958,1357,1358,1360,1362,1364],{"class":960,"line":961},[958,1359,1027],{"class":1026},[958,1361,1030],{"class":972},[958,1363,982],{"class":1033},[958,1365,1037],{"class":972},[958,1367,1368,1370,1372,1374,1376,1378,1380],{"class":960,"line":1040},[958,1369,965],{"class":964},[958,1371,969],{"class":968},[958,1373,973],{"class":972},[958,1375,976],{"class":968},[958,1377,979],{"class":972},[958,1379,982],{"class":968},[958,1381,985],{"class":972},[958,1383,1384],{"class":960,"line":1051},[958,1385,1072],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1071},[958,1387,1388,1390,1392,1394],{"class":960,"line":1068},[958,1389,1078],{"class":964},[958,1391,1082],{"class":1081},[958,1393,1085],{"class":972},[958,1395,1088],{"class":972},[958,1397,1398],{"class":960,"line":1075},[958,1399,1400],{"class":1094},"    \u002F\u002F 若 foo 是文件，则删除它；\n",[958,1402,1403],{"class":960,"line":1091},[958,1404,1405],{"class":1094},"    \u002F\u002F 若 foo 是文件夹，则删除它自己以及其下所有文件\n",[958,1407,1408,1410,1412,1415,1417,1419,1422,1424],{"class":960,"line":1098},[958,1409,1306],{"class":968},[958,1411,979],{"class":972},[958,1413,1414],{"class":1081},"remove_all",[958,1416,1114],{"class":972},[958,1418,1117],{"class":972},[958,1420,1421],{"class":1033},"foo",[958,1423,1117],{"class":972},[958,1425,1323],{"class":972},[958,1427,1428],{"class":960,"line":1130},[958,1429,1213],{"class":972},[918,1431,1432],{},"若传入的路径是一个文件，则简单地删除它；若传入的路径是一个文件夹，则（递归地）删除这个文件夹下的所有文件，以及文件夹自身。如果该路径不存在，则不会有任何错误。该函数的返回值表明删除了多少个文件。",[918,1434,1435,1436,1439],{},"它的亲戚 ",[922,1437,1438],{},"fs::remove"," 可用于删除文件和空文件夹，但不能删除含有其它文件的文件夹。",[994,1441,837],{"id":837},[918,1443,1444,1447],{},[922,1445,1446],{},"fs::copy"," 函数用于复制文件或目录。使用时，传入两个路径参数：第一个是要复制的文件路径，第二个是目标位置。",[949,1449,1451],{"className":951,"code":1450,"language":953,"meta":954,"style":954},"#include \u003Cfilesystem>\nnamespace fs = std::filesystem;\n\nint main() {\n    \u002F\u002F 将 a.txt 复制到 b.txt\n    fs::copy(\"a.txt\"，\"b.txt\");\n}\n",[922,1452,1453,1463,1479,1483,1493,1498,1528],{"__ignoreMap":954},[958,1454,1455,1457,1459,1461],{"class":960,"line":961},[958,1456,1027],{"class":1026},[958,1458,1030],{"class":972},[958,1460,982],{"class":1033},[958,1462,1037],{"class":972},[958,1464,1465,1467,1469,1471,1473,1475,1477],{"class":960,"line":1040},[958,1466,965],{"class":964},[958,1468,969],{"class":968},[958,1470,973],{"class":972},[958,1472,976],{"class":968},[958,1474,979],{"class":972},[958,1476,982],{"class":968},[958,1478,985],{"class":972},[958,1480,1481],{"class":960,"line":1051},[958,1482,1072],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1071},[958,1484,1485,1487,1489,1491],{"class":960,"line":1068},[958,1486,1078],{"class":964},[958,1488,1082],{"class":1081},[958,1490,1085],{"class":972},[958,1492,1088],{"class":972},[958,1494,1495],{"class":960,"line":1075},[958,1496,1497],{"class":1094},"    \u002F\u002F 将 a.txt 复制到 b.txt\n",[958,1499,1500,1502,1504,1507,1509,1511,1513,1515,1519,1521,1524,1526],{"class":960,"line":1091},[958,1501,1306],{"class":968},[958,1503,979],{"class":972},[958,1505,1506],{"class":1081},"copy",[958,1508,1114],{"class":972},[958,1510,1117],{"class":972},[958,1512,1120],{"class":1033},[958,1514,1117],{"class":972},[958,1516,1518],{"class":1517},"sTEyZ","，",[958,1520,1117],{"class":972},[958,1522,1523],{"class":1033},"b.txt",[958,1525,1117],{"class":972},[958,1527,1323],{"class":972},[958,1529,1530],{"class":960,"line":1098},[958,1531,1213],{"class":972},[918,1533,1534],{},"复制文件夹时，该文件夹下所有的文件也会被一同复制。若目标文件已存在，则会被覆盖。若目标位置的父文件夹不存在，则导致错误，抛出异常。",[994,1536,1537],{"id":1537},"移动和重命名",[918,1539,1540,1543,1544,1546],{},[922,1541,1542],{},"fs::rename"," 可用于重命名或移动文件。它的使用方法和 ",[922,1545,1446],{}," 类似，但不保留源文件：",[949,1548,1550],{"className":951,"code":1549,"language":953,"meta":954,"style":954},"#include \u003Cfilesystem>\nnamespace fs = std::filesystem;\n\nint main() {\n    \u002F\u002F 将 a.txt 重命名为 b.txt\n    fs::rename(\"a.txt\"，\"b.txt\");\n    \u002F\u002F 将 b.txt 移动（剪切并粘贴）到 foo\u002Fb.txt\n    fs::rename(\"b.txt\"，\"foo\u002Fb.txt\");\n}\n",[922,1551,1552,1562,1578,1582,1592,1597,1624,1629,1656],{"__ignoreMap":954},[958,1553,1554,1556,1558,1560],{"class":960,"line":961},[958,1555,1027],{"class":1026},[958,1557,1030],{"class":972},[958,1559,982],{"class":1033},[958,1561,1037],{"class":972},[958,1563,1564,1566,1568,1570,1572,1574,1576],{"class":960,"line":1040},[958,1565,965],{"class":964},[958,1567,969],{"class":968},[958,1569,973],{"class":972},[958,1571,976],{"class":968},[958,1573,979],{"class":972},[958,1575,982],{"class":968},[958,1577,985],{"class":972},[958,1579,1580],{"class":960,"line":1051},[958,1581,1072],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1071},[958,1583,1584,1586,1588,1590],{"class":960,"line":1068},[958,1585,1078],{"class":964},[958,1587,1082],{"class":1081},[958,1589,1085],{"class":972},[958,1591,1088],{"class":972},[958,1593,1594],{"class":960,"line":1075},[958,1595,1596],{"class":1094},"    \u002F\u002F 将 a.txt 重命名为 b.txt\n",[958,1598,1599,1601,1603,1606,1608,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620,1622],{"class":960,"line":1091},[958,1600,1306],{"class":968},[958,1602,979],{"class":972},[958,1604,1605],{"class":1081},"rename",[958,1607,1114],{"class":972},[958,1609,1117],{"class":972},[958,1611,1120],{"class":1033},[958,1613,1117],{"class":972},[958,1615,1518],{"class":1517},[958,1617,1117],{"class":972},[958,1619,1523],{"class":1033},[958,1621,1117],{"class":972},[958,1623,1323],{"class":972},[958,1625,1626],{"class":960,"line":1098},[958,1627,1628],{"class":1094},"    \u002F\u002F 将 b.txt 移动（剪切并粘贴）到 foo\u002Fb.txt\n",[958,1630,1631,1633,1635,1637,1639,1641,1643,1645,1647,1649,1652,1654],{"class":960,"line":1130},[958,1632,1306],{"class":968},[958,1634,979],{"class":972},[958,1636,1605],{"class":1081},[958,1638,1114],{"class":972},[958,1640,1117],{"class":972},[958,1642,1523],{"class":1033},[958,1644,1117],{"class":972},[958,1646,1518],{"class":1517},[958,1648,1117],{"class":972},[958,1650,1651],{"class":1033},"foo\u002Fb.txt",[958,1653,1117],{"class":972},[958,1655,1323],{"class":972},[958,1657,1658],{"class":960,"line":1165},[958,1659,1213],{"class":972},[918,1661,1662],{},"同样地，若目标位置已存在文件，则会被覆盖；若目标位置的父文件夹不存在，则导致错误，抛出异常。",[1664,1665,1666],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki .spNyl{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki .sBMFI{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s7zQu, html code.shiki .s7zQu{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html pre.shiki code .s2Zo4, html code.shiki .s2Zo4{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#82AAFF;--shiki-dark:#82AAFF}html pre.shiki code .sHwdD, html code.shiki .sHwdD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#546E7A;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#676E95;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .swJcz, html code.shiki .swJcz{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#F07178;--shiki-dark:#F07178}html pre.shiki code .sTEyZ, html code.shiki .sTEyZ{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-dark:#BABED8}",{"title":954,"searchDepth":961,"depth":1040,"links":1668},[1669,1670,1671,1672,1673],{"id":996,"depth":1040,"text":996},{"id":1237,"depth":1040,"text":1237},{"id":1343,"depth":1040,"text":1343},{"id":837,"depth":1040,"text":837},{"id":1537,"depth":1040,"text":1537},"C++17 引入了文件系统库。","md",null,{},{"icon":687},{"title":733,"description":1674},"eiBPmCVKKRf-VUQXSHp2L81JFeqhsvdLZqy_aT3DfZ4",[1682,1684],{"title":729,"path":730,"stem":731,"description":1683,"icon":719,"children":-1},"在头文件  中，定义了两个类 std::ifstream 和 std::ofstream。",{"title":737,"path":738,"stem":739,"description":1685,"icon":687,"children":-1},"伪随机数（Pseudo-random number）是指用确定性算法生成的一系列数。",1784618108518]