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",[929,1168,1169],{},"--",[929,1171,1172],{},"+=",[929,1174,1175],{},"-="," 来改变其所指向的对象；指针可以通过 ",[929,1178,1179],{},"==",[929,1181,1094],{}," 判断其指向位置是否相同；指针可以通过解地址运算符来获取其所指向的内容。",[918,1184,1185,1186,1190],{},"我们希望可以通过同样的方式来遍历 STL 的容器。数组在语法层面可以用指针来访问其中的元素，而 STL 容器则在库层面使用了",[1187,1188,1189],"strong",{},"迭代器","（Iterator）来做这件事情。",[918,1192,1193,1194,1197,1198,1200],{},"为了简单了解迭代器长什么样，我先笼统地以 ",[929,1195,1196],{},"std::vector"," 为例，看看如何通过迭代器来像指针一样访问其元素。在 ",[929,1199,1196],{}," 的类定义中，有一个别名声明。",[922,1202,1204],{"className":924,"code":1203,"language":926,"meta":927,"style":927},"template\u003Ctypename T, \u002F* ... *\u002F>\nclass vector {\n    \u002F* ... *\u002F\npublic:\n    using iterator = \u002F* implementation-defined *\u002F;\n    \u002F* ... *\u002F\n};\n",[929,1205,1206,1227,1237,1242,1250,1266,1270],{"__ignoreMap":927},[932,1207,1208,1211,1214,1217,1220,1222,1225],{"class":934,"line":935},[932,1209,1210],{"class":956},"template",[932,1212,1213],{"class":942},"\u003C",[932,1215,1216],{"class":956},"typename",[932,1218,1219],{"class":1115}," T",[932,1221,993],{"class":942},[932,1223,1224],{"class":1041}," \u002F* ... *\u002F",[932,1226,950],{"class":942},[932,1228,1229,1232,1235],{"class":934,"line":953},[932,1230,1231],{"class":956},"class",[932,1233,1234],{"class":1115}," vector",[932,1236,967],{"class":942},[932,1238,1239],{"class":934,"line":970},[932,1240,1241],{"class":1041},"    \u002F* ... *\u002F\n",[932,1243,1244,1247],{"class":934,"line":1007},[932,1245,1246],{"class":956},"public",[932,1248,1249],{"class":942},":\n",[932,1251,1252,1255,1258,1261,1264],{"class":934,"line":1021},[932,1253,1254],{"class":983},"    using",[932,1256,1257],{"class":1115}," iterator",[932,1259,1260],{"class":942}," =",[932,1262,1263],{"class":1041}," \u002F* implementation-defined *\u002F",[932,1265,1140],{"class":942},[932,1267,1268],{"class":934,"line":1045},[932,1269,1241],{"class":1041},[932,1271,1272],{"class":934,"line":1071},[932,1273,1004],{"class":942},[918,1275,1276,1277,1280,1281,1283,1284,1287,1288,1291,1292,1295],{},"这个 ",[929,1278,1279],{},"iterator"," 别名具体定义的是什么不用管，但它就是我们想要的 ",[929,1282,1196],{}," 的迭代器的类型。也就是说，",[929,1285,1286],{},"std::vector\u003CT>::iterator"," 这个类型就如同 ",[929,1289,1290],{},"T[]"," 数组类型中的 ",[929,1293,1294],{},"T*","。",[918,1297,1298,1299,1301],{},"那么我们先照葫芦画瓢把之前通过指针访问数组的代码改成通过迭代器访问 ",[929,1300,1196],{},"：",[922,1303,1305],{"className":924,"code":1304,"language":926,"meta":927,"style":927},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cvector>\nint main() {\n    std::vector\u003Cint> a{1, 2, 3};\n    std::vector\u003Cint>::iterator i{};\n    std::vector\u003Cint>::iterator begin{\u002F* ? *\u002F};    \n    std::vector\u003Cint>::iterator end{\u002F* ? *\u002F};\n    for (i = begin; i != end; ++i) {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C *i \u003C\u003C \" \";\n    }\n}\n",[929,1306,1307,1317,1328,1338,1370,1391,1418,1441,1471,1493,1497],{"__ignoreMap":927},[932,1308,1309,1311,1313,1315],{"class":934,"line":935},[932,1310,939],{"class":938},[932,1312,943],{"class":942},[932,1314,947],{"class":946},[932,1316,950],{"class":942},[932,1318,1319,1321,1323,1326],{"class":934,"line":953},[932,1320,939],{"class":938},[932,1322,943],{"class":942},[932,1324,1325],{"class":946},"vector",[932,1327,950],{"class":942},[932,1329,1330,1332,1334,1336],{"class":934,"line":970},[932,1331,957],{"class":956},[932,1333,961],{"class":960},[932,1335,964],{"class":942},[932,1337,967],{"class":942},[932,1339,1340,1343,1345,1347,1349,1351,1354,1356,1358,1360,1362,1364,1366,1368],{"class":934,"line":1007},[932,1341,1342],{"class":1115},"    std",[932,1344,1119],{"class":942},[932,1346,1325],{"class":976},[932,1348,1213],{"class":942},[932,1350,957],{"class":956},[932,1352,1353],{"class":942},">",[932,1355,977],{"class":976},[932,1357,1031],{"class":942},[932,1359,990],{"class":983},[932,1361,993],{"class":942},[932,1363,996],{"class":983},[932,1365,993],{"class":942},[932,1367,1001],{"class":983},[932,1369,1004],{"class":942},[932,1371,1372,1374,1376,1378,1380,1382,1385,1388],{"class":934,"line":1021},[932,1373,1342],{"class":1115},[932,1375,1119],{"class":942},[932,1377,1325],{"class":1115},[932,1379,1213],{"class":942},[932,1381,957],{"class":956},[932,1383,1384],{"class":942},">::",[932,1386,1387],{"class":976},"iterator i",[932,1389,1390],{"class":942},"{};\n",[932,1392,1393,1395,1397,1399,1401,1403,1405,1408,1410,1413,1415],{"class":934,"line":1045},[932,1394,1342],{"class":1115},[932,1396,1119],{"class":942},[932,1398,1325],{"class":1115},[932,1400,1213],{"class":942},[932,1402,957],{"class":956},[932,1404,1384],{"class":942},[932,1406,1407],{"class":976},"iterator begin",[932,1409,1031],{"class":942},[932,1411,1412],{"class":1041},"\u002F* ? *\u002F",[932,1414,1038],{"class":942},[932,1416,1417],{"class":976},"    \n",[932,1419,1420,1422,1424,1426,1428,1430,1432,1435,1437,1439],{"class":934,"line":1071},[932,1421,1342],{"class":1115},[932,1423,1119],{"class":942},[932,1425,1325],{"class":1115},[932,1427,1213],{"class":942},[932,1429,957],{"class":956},[932,1431,1384],{"class":942},[932,1433,1434],{"class":976},"iterator end",[932,1436,1031],{"class":942},[932,1438,1412],{"class":1041},[932,1440,1004],{"class":942},[932,1442,1443,1445,1447,1449,1451,1453,1455,1457,1459,1461,1463,1465,1467,1469],{"class":934,"line":1112},[932,1444,1074],{"class":938},[932,1446,1077],{"class":942},[932,1448,1080],{"class":976},[932,1450,1083],{"class":942},[932,1452,1028],{"class":976},[932,1454,1088],{"class":942},[932,1456,1091],{"class":976},[932,1458,1094],{"class":942},[932,1460,1052],{"class":976},[932,1462,1088],{"class":942},[932,1464,1101],{"class":942},[932,1466,1104],{"class":976},[932,1468,1107],{"class":942},[932,1470,967],{"class":942},[932,1472,1473,1475,1477,1479,1481,1483,1485,1487,1489,1491],{"class":934,"line":1143},[932,1474,1116],{"class":1115},[932,1476,1119],{"class":942},[932,1478,1122],{"class":1034},[932,1480,1125],{"class":942},[932,1482,1128],{"class":942},[932,1484,1080],{"class":1034},[932,1486,1125],{"class":942},[932,1488,1135],{"class":942},[932,1490,1135],{"class":942},[932,1492,1140],{"class":942},[932,1494,1495],{"class":934,"line":1149},[932,1496,1146],{"class":942},[932,1498,1500],{"class":934,"line":1499},11,[932,1501,1152],{"class":942},[918,1503,1504,1505,1507,1508,1166,1510,1512,1513,1515,1516,1518,1519,1158,1522,1525],{},"作为模仿指针的迭代器，",[929,1506,1286],{}," 重载了 ",[929,1509,1165],{},[929,1511,1012],{}," 等运算符，并完全模仿了指针在数组中的含义。不过上面两个代码还有两个问号，就是如何获取指向 ",[929,1514,1196],{}," 头部和尾部的迭代器。很简单，",[929,1517,1196],{}," 提供了成员函数 ",[929,1520,1521],{},"begin",[929,1523,1524],{},"end"," ，它们分别返回指向首尾的迭代器。最终的代码是这样的：",[922,1527,1529],{"className":924,"code":1528,"language":926,"meta":927,"style":927},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cvector>\nint main() {\n    std::vector\u003Cint> a{1, 2, 3};\n    std::vector\u003Cint>::iterator i{};\n    std::vector\u003Cint>::iterator begin{a.begin()};    \n    std::vector\u003Cint>::iterator end{a.end()};\n    for (i = begin; i != end; ++i) {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C *i \u003C\u003C \" \";\n    }\n}\n",[929,1530,1531,1541,1551,1561,1591,1609,1639,1666,1696,1718,1722],{"__ignoreMap":927},[932,1532,1533,1535,1537,1539],{"class":934,"line":935},[932,1534,939],{"class":938},[932,1536,943],{"class":942},[932,1538,947],{"class":946},[932,1540,950],{"class":942},[932,1542,1543,1545,1547,1549],{"class":934,"line":953},[932,1544,939],{"class":938},[932,1546,943],{"class":942},[932,1548,1325],{"class":946},[932,1550,950],{"class":942},[932,1552,1553,1555,1557,1559],{"class":934,"line":970},[932,1554,957],{"class":956},[932,1556,961],{"class":960},[932,1558,964],{"class":942},[932,1560,967],{"class":942},[932,1562,1563,1565,1567,1569,1571,1573,1575,1577,1579,1581,1583,1585,1587,1589],{"class":934,"line":1007},[932,1564,1342],{"class":1115},[932,1566,1119],{"class":942},[932,1568,1325],{"class":976},[932,1570,1213],{"class":942},[932,1572,957],{"class":956},[932,1574,1353],{"class":942},[932,1576,977],{"class":976},[932,1578,1031],{"class":942},[932,1580,990],{"class":983},[932,1582,993],{"class":942},[932,1584,996],{"class":983},[932,1586,993],{"class":942},[932,1588,1001],{"class":983},[932,1590,1004],{"class":942},[932,1592,1593,1595,1597,1599,1601,1603,1605,1607],{"class":934,"line":1021},[932,1594,1342],{"class":1115},[932,1596,1119],{"class":942},[932,1598,1325],{"class":1115},[932,1600,1213],{"class":942},[932,1602,957],{"class":956},[932,1604,1384],{"class":942},[932,1606,1387],{"class":976},[932,1608,1390],{"class":942},[932,1610,1611,1613,1615,1617,1619,1621,1623,1625,1627,1629,1632,1634,1637],{"class":934,"line":1045},[932,1612,1342],{"class":1115},[932,1614,1119],{"class":942},[932,1616,1325],{"class":1115},[932,1618,1213],{"class":942},[932,1620,957],{"class":956},[932,1622,1384],{"class":942},[932,1624,1407],{"class":976},[932,1626,1031],{"class":942},[932,1628,1035],{"class":976},[932,1630,1631],{"class":942},".",[932,1633,1521],{"class":960},[932,1635,1636],{"class":942},"()};",[932,1638,1417],{"class":976},[932,1640,1641,1643,1645,1647,1649,1651,1653,1655,1657,1659,1661,1663],{"class":934,"line":1071},[932,1642,1342],{"class":1115},[932,1644,1119],{"class":942},[932,1646,1325],{"class":1115},[932,1648,1213],{"class":942},[932,1650,957],{"class":956},[932,1652,1384],{"class":942},[932,1654,1434],{"class":976},[932,1656,1031],{"class":942},[932,1658,1035],{"class":976},[932,1660,1631],{"class":942},[932,1662,1524],{"class":960},[932,1664,1665],{"class":942},"()};\n",[932,1667,1668,1670,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680,1682,1684,1686,1688,1690,1692,1694],{"class":934,"line":1112},[932,1669,1074],{"class":938},[932,1671,1077],{"class":942},[932,1673,1080],{"class":976},[932,1675,1083],{"class":942},[932,1677,1028],{"class":976},[932,1679,1088],{"class":942},[932,1681,1091],{"class":976},[932,1683,1094],{"class":942},[932,1685,1052],{"class":976},[932,1687,1088],{"class":942},[932,1689,1101],{"class":942},[932,1691,1104],{"class":976},[932,1693,1107],{"class":942},[932,1695,967],{"class":942},[932,1697,1698,1700,1702,1704,1706,1708,1710,1712,1714,1716],{"class":934,"line":1143},[932,1699,1116],{"class":1115},[932,1701,1119],{"class":942},[932,1703,1122],{"class":1034},[932,1705,1125],{"class":942},[932,1707,1128],{"class":942},[932,1709,1080],{"class":1034},[932,1711,1125],{"class":942},[932,1713,1135],{"class":942},[932,1715,1135],{"class":942},[932,1717,1140],{"class":942},[932,1719,1720],{"class":934,"line":1149},[932,1721,1146],{"class":942},[932,1723,1724],{"class":934,"line":1499},[932,1725,1152],{"class":942},[918,1727,1728],{},"这份代码就是对迭代器的一个最简单的概括。虽然“迭代器”这个名字很唬人，但它本质上就是在 STL 容器的领域里，模仿了指针在数组中的作用。",[918,1730,1731],{},"但迭代器的复杂性远不止如此。且待后续章节徐徐展开……",[1733,1734,1735],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .s7zQu, html code.shiki .s7zQu{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki .spNyl{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .s2Zo4, html code.shiki .s2Zo4{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#82AAFF;--shiki-dark:#82AAFF}html pre.shiki code .sTEyZ, html code.shiki .sTEyZ{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-dark:#BABED8}html pre.shiki code .sbssI, html code.shiki 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