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A",[932,1142,950],{"class":949},[932,1144,1145],{"class":945},"double",[932,1147,1018],{"class":949},[932,1149,985],{"class":1014},[932,1151,1152],{"class":949},";",[932,1154,1155],{"class":938}," \u002F\u002F 模板实参 double 是类型\n",[932,1157,1159],{"class":934,"line":1158},16,[932,1160,1040],{"class":949},[918,1162,1163],{},"但实际上，模板参数并不一定非得是类型。它可以是一个变量，比如：",[922,1165,1167],{"className":924,"code":1166,"language":926,"meta":927,"style":927},"template\u003Cint N>\nint multiply(int m) {\n    return N * m; \n}\n",[929,1168,1169,1182,1200,1217],{"__ignoreMap":927},[932,1170,1171,1173,1175,1177,1180],{"class":934,"line":935},[932,1172,946],{"class":945},[932,1174,950],{"class":949},[932,1176,1103],{"class":945},[932,1178,1179],{"class":956}," N",[932,1181,960],{"class":949},[932,1183,1184,1186,1189,1191,1193,1196,1198],{"class":934,"line":942},[932,1185,1103],{"class":945},[932,1187,1188],{"class":969}," multiply",[932,1190,973],{"class":949},[932,1192,1103],{"class":945},[932,1194,1195],{"class":984}," m",[932,1197,1001],{"class":949},[932,1199,1004],{"class":949},[932,1201,1202,1204,1207,1210,1212,1214],{"class":934,"line":963},[932,1203,1011],{"class":1010},[932,1205,1206],{"class":1014}," N ",[932,1208,1209],{"class":949},"*",[932,1211,1195],{"class":1014},[932,1213,1152],{"class":949},[932,1215,1216],{"class":1014}," \n",[932,1218,1219],{"class":934,"line":1007},[932,1220,1040],{"class":949},[918,1222,1223,1224,1227,1228,1231,1232,1234],{},"这里，函数模板 ",[929,1225,1226],{},"multiply"," 具有模板形参 ",[929,1229,1230],{},"N","。这个形参不是类型形参（不是 ",[929,1233,953],{}," 开头的），而是一个非类型形参，或者说是变量形参。非类型形参只不过是说，模板中实例化时被替换掉的不再是类型成分而是变量成分了。比如：",[922,1236,1238],{"className":924,"code":1237,"language":926,"meta":927,"style":927},"int main() {\n    multiply\u003C4>(3);\n}\n",[929,1239,1240,1250,1268],{"__ignoreMap":927},[932,1241,1242,1244,1246,1248],{"class":934,"line":935},[932,1243,1103],{"class":945},[932,1245,1106],{"class":969},[932,1247,1109],{"class":949},[932,1249,1004],{"class":949},[932,1251,1252,1255,1257,1260,1263,1265],{"class":934,"line":942},[932,1253,1254],{"class":969},"    multiply",[932,1256,950],{"class":949},[932,1258,1259],{"class":1122},"4",[932,1261,1262],{"class":949},">(",[932,1264,1123],{"class":1122},[932,1266,1267],{"class":949},");\n",[932,1269,1270],{"class":934,"line":963},[932,1271,1040],{"class":949},[918,1273,1274,1275,1277,1278,1281],{},"这里 ",[929,1276,1259],{}," 就是非类型模板实参。这行调用表达式会实例化出 ",[929,1279,1280],{},"multiply\u003C4>"," 这样一个函数：",[922,1283,1285],{"className":924,"code":1284,"language":926,"meta":927,"style":927},"int \u002F* multiply\u003C4> *\u002F(int m) {\n    return 4 * m;\n}\n",[929,1286,1287,1304,1317],{"__ignoreMap":927},[932,1288,1289,1291,1294,1296,1298,1300,1302],{"class":934,"line":935},[932,1290,1103],{"class":945},[932,1292,1293],{"class":938}," \u002F* multiply\u003C4> *\u002F",[932,1295,973],{"class":949},[932,1297,1103],{"class":945},[932,1299,1195],{"class":1014},[932,1301,1001],{"class":949},[932,1303,1004],{"class":949},[932,1305,1306,1308,1310,1313,1315],{"class":934,"line":942},[932,1307,1011],{"class":1010},[932,1309,1128],{"class":1122},[932,1311,1312],{"class":949}," *",[932,1314,1195],{"class":1083},[932,1316,1034],{"class":949},[932,1318,1319],{"class":934,"line":963},[932,1320,1040],{"class":949},[918,1322,1323],{},"类似地，类模板也可以使用非类型模板参数：",[922,1325,1327],{"className":924,"code":1326,"language":926,"meta":927,"style":927},"template\u003Ctypename T, int N>\nclass Array {\nprivate:\n    T data[N]{};\n\npublic:\n    void fill(const T& value) {\n        for (int i{0}; i \u003C N; i++) {\n            data[i] = value;\n        }\n    }\n};\nint main() {\n    Array\u003Cint, 5> a;\n    a.fill(42);\n}\n",[929,1328,1329,1348,1358,1366,1382,1386,1393,1416,1454,1474,1479,1484,1488,1498,1518,1536],{"__ignoreMap":927},[932,1330,1331,1333,1335,1337,1339,1341,1344,1346],{"class":934,"line":935},[932,1332,946],{"class":945},[932,1334,950],{"class":949},[932,1336,953],{"class":945},[932,1338,957],{"class":956},[932,1340,988],{"class":949},[932,1342,1343],{"class":945}," int",[932,1345,1179],{"class":956},[932,1347,960],{"class":949},[932,1349,1350,1353,1356],{"class":934,"line":942},[932,1351,1352],{"class":945},"class",[932,1354,1355],{"class":956}," Array",[932,1357,1004],{"class":949},[932,1359,1360,1363],{"class":934,"line":963},[932,1361,1362],{"class":945},"private",[932,1364,1365],{"class":949},":\n",[932,1367,1368,1371,1374,1377,1379],{"class":934,"line":1007},[932,1369,1370],{"class":1083},"    T ",[932,1372,1373],{"class":1014},"data",[932,1375,1376],{"class":949},"[",[932,1378,1230],{"class":1083},[932,1380,1381],{"class":949},"]{};\n",[932,1383,1384],{"class":934,"line":1037},[932,1385,1047],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1046},[932,1387,1388,1391],{"class":934,"line":1043},[932,1389,1390],{"class":945},"public",[932,1392,1365],{"class":949},[932,1394,1395,1398,1401,1403,1405,1407,1409,1412,1414],{"class":934,"line":1050},[932,1396,1397],{"class":945},"    void",[932,1399,1400],{"class":969}," fill",[932,1402,973],{"class":949},[932,1404,976],{"class":945},[932,1406,957],{"class":956},[932,1408,981],{"class":945},[932,1410,1411],{"class":984}," value",[932,1413,1001],{"class":949},[932,1415,1004],{"class":949},[932,1417,1418,1421,1424,1426,1429,1432,1435,1437,1440,1442,1444,1446,1449,1452],{"class":934,"line":1056},[932,1419,1420],{"class":1010},"        for",[932,1422,1423],{"class":949}," (",[932,1425,1103],{"class":945},[932,1427,1428],{"class":1083}," i{",[932,1430,1431],{"class":1122},"0",[932,1433,1434],{"class":1083},"}",[932,1436,1152],{"class":949},[932,1438,1439],{"class":1083}," i ",[932,1441,950],{"class":949},[932,1443,1179],{"class":1083},[932,1445,1152],{"class":949},[932,1447,1448],{"class":1083}," i",[932,1450,1451],{"class":949},"++)",[932,1453,1004],{"class":949},[932,1455,1456,1459,1461,1464,1467,1470,1472],{"class":934,"line":1069},[932,1457,1458],{"class":1014},"            data",[932,1460,1376],{"class":949},[932,1462,1463],{"class":1083},"i",[932,1465,1466],{"class":949},"]",[932,1468,1469],{"class":949}," =",[932,1471,1411],{"class":1083},[932,1473,1034],{"class":949},[932,1475,1476],{"class":934,"line":1080},[932,1477,1478],{"class":949},"        }\n",[932,1480,1481],{"class":934,"line":1089},[932,1482,1483],{"class":949},"    }\n",[932,1485,1486],{"class":934,"line":1095},[932,1487,1092],{"class":949},[932,1489,1490,1492,1494,1496],{"class":934,"line":1100},[932,1491,1103],{"class":945},[932,1493,1106],{"class":969},[932,1495,1109],{"class":949},[932,1497,1004],{"class":949},[932,1499,1500,1503,1505,1507,1509,1512,1514,1516],{"class":934,"line":1114},[932,1501,1502],{"class":1014},"    Array",[932,1504,950],{"class":949},[932,1506,1103],{"class":945},[932,1508,988],{"class":949},[932,1510,1511],{"class":1122}," 5",[932,1513,1018],{"class":949},[932,1515,985],{"class":1014},[932,1517,1034],{"class":949},[932,1519,1520,1523,1526,1529,1531,1534],{"class":934,"line":1137},[932,1521,1522],{"class":1014},"    a",[932,1524,1525],{"class":949},".",[932,1527,1528],{"class":969},"fill",[932,1530,973],{"class":949},[932,1532,1533],{"class":1122},"42",[932,1535,1267],{"class":949},[932,1537,1538],{"class":934,"line":1158},[932,1539,1040],{"class":949},[918,1541,1542,1543,1546,1547,1549,1550,1552,1553,1556,1557,1559,1560,1563,1564,1566,1567,1569,1570,1572,1573,1575,1576,1578,1579,1582],{},"这个例子中，模板类 ",[929,1544,1545],{},"Array"," 有两个模板形参，第一个是类型形参 ",[929,1548,966],{},"，第二个是非类型形参 ",[929,1551,1230],{},"。它们分别替换模板的类定义中的不同部分。而 main 函数中的实例化 ",[929,1554,1555],{},"Array\u003Cint, 5>"," 定义两个类型实参分别为 ",[929,1558,1103],{}," 和 ",[929,1561,1562],{},"5","，相当于用 ",[929,1565,1103],{}," 替换模板的类定义中的 ",[929,1568,966],{},"，用 ",[929,1571,1562],{}," 替换其中的 ",[929,1574,1230],{},"。最终，",[929,1577,1555],{}," 会出现了一个 ",[929,1580,1581],{},"int[5]"," 类型的数组私有成员。",[1584,1585,1586],"h2",{"id":1586},"非类型模板参数的推导",[918,1588,1589],{},"非类型模板参数在少数情形下也可以参与模板实参推导。",[922,1591,1593],{"className":924,"code":1592,"language":926,"meta":927,"style":927},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n\u002F\u002F 当类型形参作为数组大小出现时可以推导\n\u002F\u002F 这里 int(&)[N] 是到 int[N] 的引用类型\n\u002F\u002F 注：函数参数不能是数组（否则退化为指针），但可以是\n\u002F\u002F 到数组的引用类型或指向其的指针类型，此时不会退化\ntemplate\u003Cint N>\nint size(int(&arr)[N]) {\n    return N;\n}\nint main() {\n    int a[5]{};\n    int s{size(a)}; \u002F\u002F 推导模板实参为 5，实例化 size\u003C5>\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C s \u003C\u003C std::endl; \u002F\u002F 输出 5\n}\n",[929,1594,1595,1609,1614,1619,1624,1629,1641,1668,1676,1680,1690,1703,1727,1759],{"__ignoreMap":927},[932,1596,1597,1600,1603,1607],{"class":934,"line":935},[932,1598,1599],{"class":1010},"#include",[932,1601,1602],{"class":949}," \u003C",[932,1604,1606],{"class":1605},"sfazB","iostream",[932,1608,960],{"class":949},[932,1610,1611],{"class":934,"line":942},[932,1612,1613],{"class":938},"\u002F\u002F 当类型形参作为数组大小出现时可以推导\n",[932,1615,1616],{"class":934,"line":963},[932,1617,1618],{"class":938},"\u002F\u002F 这里 int(&)[N] 是到 int[N] 的引用类型\n",[932,1620,1621],{"class":934,"line":1007},[932,1622,1623],{"class":938},"\u002F\u002F 注：函数参数不能是数组（否则退化为指针），但可以是\n",[932,1625,1626],{"class":934,"line":1037},[932,1627,1628],{"class":938},"\u002F\u002F 到数组的引用类型或指向其的指针类型，此时不会退化\n",[932,1630,1631,1633,1635,1637,1639],{"class":934,"line":1043},[932,1632,946],{"class":945},[932,1634,950],{"class":949},[932,1636,1103],{"class":945},[932,1638,1179],{"class":956},[932,1640,960],{"class":949},[932,1642,1643,1645,1648,1650,1652,1655,1658,1661,1663,1666],{"class":934,"line":1050},[932,1644,1103],{"class":945},[932,1646,1647],{"class":969}," size",[932,1649,973],{"class":949},[932,1651,1103],{"class":945},[932,1653,1654],{"class":949},"(&",[932,1656,1657],{"class":1014},"arr",[932,1659,1660],{"class":949},")[",[932,1662,1230],{"class":1014},[932,1664,1665],{"class":949},"])",[932,1667,1004],{"class":949},[932,1669,1670,1672,1674],{"class":934,"line":1056},[932,1671,1011],{"class":1010},[932,1673,1179],{"class":1014},[932,1675,1034],{"class":949},[932,1677,1678],{"class":934,"line":1069},[932,1679,1040],{"class":949},[932,1681,1682,1684,1686,1688],{"class":934,"line":1080},[932,1683,1103],{"class":945},[932,1685,1106],{"class":969},[932,1687,1109],{"class":949},[932,1689,1004],{"class":949},[932,1691,1692,1695,1697,1699,1701],{"class":934,"line":1089},[932,1693,1694],{"class":945},"    int",[932,1696,985],{"class":1014},[932,1698,1376],{"class":949},[932,1700,1562],{"class":1122},[932,1702,1381],{"class":949},[932,1704,1705,1707,1710,1713,1716,1718,1721,1724],{"class":934,"line":1095},[932,1706,1694],{"class":945},[932,1708,1709],{"class":1014}," s",[932,1711,1712],{"class":949},"{",[932,1714,1715],{"class":969},"size",[932,1717,973],{"class":949},[932,1719,1720],{"class":1083},"a",[932,1722,1723],{"class":949},")};",[932,1725,1726],{"class":938}," \u002F\u002F 推导模板实参为 5，实例化 size\u003C5>\n",[932,1728,1729,1732,1735,1738,1741,1744,1746,1749,1751,1754,1756],{"class":934,"line":1100},[932,1730,1731],{"class":956},"    std",[932,1733,1734],{"class":949},"::",[932,1736,1737],{"class":1014},"cout ",[932,1739,1740],{"class":949},"\u003C\u003C",[932,1742,1743],{"class":1014}," s ",[932,1745,1740],{"class":949},[932,1747,1748],{"class":956}," std",[932,1750,1734],{"class":949},[932,1752,1753],{"class":1014},"endl",[932,1755,1152],{"class":949},[932,1757,1758],{"class":938}," \u002F\u002F 输出 5\n",[932,1760,1761],{"class":934,"line":1114},[932,1762,1040],{"class":949},[918,1764,1765],{},"CTAD 也是可以的：",[922,1767,1769],{"className":924,"code":1768,"language":926,"meta":927,"style":927},"template\u003Cint N>\nstruct S {\n    S(int(&)[N]) { }\n};\nint main() {\n    int a[5];\n    S s(a); \u002F\u002F 推导为 S\u003C5>\n}\n",[929,1770,1771,1783,1792,1819,1823,1833,1846,1863],{"__ignoreMap":927},[932,1772,1773,1775,1777,1779,1781],{"class":934,"line":935},[932,1774,946],{"class":945},[932,1776,950],{"class":949},[932,1778,1103],{"class":945},[932,1780,1179],{"class":956},[932,1782,960],{"class":949},[932,1784,1785,1787,1790],{"class":934,"line":942},[932,1786,1072],{"class":945},[932,1788,1789],{"class":956}," S",[932,1791,1004],{"class":949},[932,1793,1794,1797,1799,1801,1803,1805,1807,1809,1811,1814,1816],{"class":934,"line":963},[932,1795,1796],{"class":969},"    S",[932,1798,973],{"class":949},[932,1800,1103],{"class":945},[932,1802,973],{"class":1083},[932,1804,981],{"class":945},[932,1806,1660],{"class":949},[932,1808,1230],{"class":1083},[932,1810,1466],{"class":949},[932,1812,1813],{"class":1083},") ",[932,1815,1712],{"class":949},[932,1817,1818],{"class":949}," }\n",[932,1820,1821],{"class":934,"line":1007},[932,1822,1092],{"class":949},[932,1824,1825,1827,1829,1831],{"class":934,"line":1037},[932,1826,1103],{"class":945},[932,1828,1106],{"class":969},[932,1830,1109],{"class":949},[932,1832,1004],{"class":949},[932,1834,1835,1837,1839,1841,1843],{"class":934,"line":1043},[932,1836,1694],{"class":945},[932,1838,985],{"class":1014},[932,1840,1376],{"class":949},[932,1842,1562],{"class":1122},[932,1844,1845],{"class":949},"];\n",[932,1847,1848,1851,1854,1856,1858,1860],{"class":934,"line":1050},[932,1849,1850],{"class":1014},"    S ",[932,1852,1853],{"class":969},"s",[932,1855,973],{"class":949},[932,1857,1720],{"class":1014},[932,1859,1131],{"class":949},[932,1861,1862],{"class":938}," \u002F\u002F 推导为 S\u003C5>\n",[932,1864,1865],{"class":934,"line":1056},[932,1866,1040],{"class":949},[1868,1869,1870,1873],"blockquote",{},[918,1871,1872],{},"这里简单介绍一下非推导语境。尽管模板参数推导很智能，但它并不能应付所有的场景。在以下场景中的模板参数不会参与推导：",[1874,1875,1876,1883,1893,1896,1899,1902,1909,1912],"ul",{},[1877,1878,1879,1880,1882],"li",{},"类型标识中 ",[929,1881,1734],{}," 的左侧出现的模板形参",[1877,1884,1885,1886,1889,1890,1892],{},"表达式中的非类型模板形参（如 ",[929,1887,1888],{},"int(*)[2 * N]"," 中的 ",[929,1891,1230],{},"）",[1877,1894,1895],{},"拥有函数默认实参的函数形参类型（见下节）",[1877,1897,1898],{},"函数实参为重载函数",[1877,1900,1901],{},"函数实参中（即将退化的）数组的大小",[1877,1903,1904,1905,1908],{},"函数实参为列表初始化器（模板形参为数组或 ",[929,1906,1907],{},"std::initializer_list"," 除外）",[1877,1910,1911],{},"decltype 中的表达式（见后续章节）",[1877,1913,1914],{},"出现形参包的一系列场景（见后续章节）",[1584,1916,1917],{"id":1917},"非类型模板参数和函数参数的区别",[918,1919,1920],{},"在函数模板中，既然函数参数也是非类型的，那么为什么要设计非类型模板参数，而不直接用函数参数呢？换而言之，下面两个东西，在实际使用上有什么区别呢？",[922,1922,1924],{"className":924,"code":1923,"language":926,"meta":927,"style":927},"template\u003Cint N, int M>\nint add() {\n    return N + M;\n}\nint add(int n, int m) {\n    return n + m;\n}\nint main() {\n    \u002F\u002F 有什么区别？\n    add\u003C1, 2>(); \u002F\u002F 调用模板 add，实例化为 add\u003C1, 2>\n    add(1, 2);   \u002F\u002F 调用函数 int add(int, int)\n}\n",[929,1925,1926,1945,1956,1969,1973,1996,2009,2013,2023,2028,2049,2066],{"__ignoreMap":927},[932,1927,1928,1930,1932,1934,1936,1938,1940,1943],{"class":934,"line":935},[932,1929,946],{"class":945},[932,1931,950],{"class":949},[932,1933,1103],{"class":945},[932,1935,1179],{"class":956},[932,1937,988],{"class":949},[932,1939,1343],{"class":945},[932,1941,1942],{"class":956}," M",[932,1944,960],{"class":949},[932,1946,1947,1949,1952,1954],{"class":934,"line":942},[932,1948,1103],{"class":945},[932,1950,1951],{"class":969}," add",[932,1953,1109],{"class":949},[932,1955,1004],{"class":949},[932,1957,1958,1960,1962,1965,1967],{"class":934,"line":963},[932,1959,1011],{"class":1010},[932,1961,1206],{"class":1014},[932,1963,1964],{"class":949},"+",[932,1966,1942],{"class":1014},[932,1968,1034],{"class":949},[932,1970,1971],{"class":934,"line":1007},[932,1972,1040],{"class":949},[932,1974,1975,1977,1979,1981,1983,1986,1988,1990,1992,1994],{"class":934,"line":1037},[932,1976,1103],{"class":945},[932,1978,1951],{"class":969},[932,1980,973],{"class":949},[932,1982,1103],{"class":945},[932,1984,1985],{"class":984}," n",[932,1987,988],{"class":949},[932,1989,1343],{"class":945},[932,1991,1195],{"class":984},[932,1993,1001],{"class":949},[932,1995,1004],{"class":949},[932,1997,1998,2000,2003,2005,2007],{"class":934,"line":1043},[932,1999,1011],{"class":1010},[932,2001,2002],{"class":1014}," n ",[932,2004,1964],{"class":949},[932,2006,1195],{"class":1014},[932,2008,1034],{"class":949},[932,2010,2011],{"class":934,"line":1050},[932,2012,1040],{"class":949},[932,2014,2015,2017,2019,2021],{"class":934,"line":1056},[932,2016,1103],{"class":945},[932,2018,1106],{"class":969},[932,2020,1109],{"class":949},[932,2022,1004],{"class":949},[932,2024,2025],{"class":934,"line":1069},[932,2026,2027],{"class":938},"    \u002F\u002F 有什么区别？\n",[932,2029,2030,2033,2035,2038,2040,2043,2046],{"class":934,"line":1080},[932,2031,2032],{"class":969},"    add",[932,2034,950],{"class":949},[932,2036,2037],{"class":1122},"1",[932,2039,988],{"class":949},[932,2041,2042],{"class":1122}," 2",[932,2044,2045],{"class":949},">();",[932,2047,2048],{"class":938}," \u002F\u002F 调用模板 add，实例化为 add\u003C1, 2>\n",[932,2050,2051,2053,2055,2057,2059,2061,2063],{"class":934,"line":1089},[932,2052,2032],{"class":969},[932,2054,973],{"class":949},[932,2056,2037],{"class":1122},[932,2058,988],{"class":949},[932,2060,2042],{"class":1122},[932,2062,1131],{"class":949},[932,2064,2065],{"class":938},"   \u002F\u002F 调用函数 int add(int, int)\n",[932,2067,2068],{"class":934,"line":1095},[932,2069,1040],{"class":949},[918,2071,2072],{},"读者可以先自己想一想。这两者的区别仍然在于模板这个概念的定义上。",[918,2074,2075,2076,2079,2080,2082,2083,1559,2086,2089,2090,1559,2093,2096,2097,2101],{},"对于模板 ",[929,2077,2078],{},"add","，它是有能力生成大量的函数的语法。当你用不同的模板实参去实例化它时，会得到不同的函数。但函数 ",[929,2081,2078],{}," 永远只是那一个函数。从编译器角度来看，",[929,2084,2085],{},"add\u003C1, 2>",[929,2087,2088],{},"add\u003C3, 4>"," 是两个函数，而 ",[929,2091,2092],{},"add(1, 2)",[929,2094,2095],{},"add(3, 4)"," 调用的是同一个函数。如果你阅读了",[1720,2098,2100],{"href":2099},"\u002Fch04\u002Flist\u002Fstorage_duration#%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%EF%BC%88%E9%80%89%E8%AF%BB%EF%BC%89","静态局部变量","这一节，你可以这样验证：",[922,2103,2105],{"className":924,"code":2104,"language":926,"meta":927,"style":927},"#include \u003Ciostream>\ntemplate\u003Cint N>\nvoid f() {\n    static int a{0};\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C ++a \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\nvoid g(int n) {\n    static int a{0};\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C ++a \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\nint main() {\n    \u002F\u002F 以不同模板实参调用 f 模板，\n    \u002F\u002F 每次都生成不同的实例，\n    \u002F\u002F 不同实例中静态局部变量 a 分别只自增一次，\n    \u002F\u002F 最终输出 1 1 1\n    f\u003C1>(); f\u003C2>(); f\u003C3>();\n    \u002F\u002F 多次以不同参数调用 g 函数\n    \u002F\u002F 每次调用的都是同一个函数\n    \u002F\u002F 导致每次调用静态局部变量 a 都会发生自增，\n    \u002F\u002F 最终输出 1 2 3\n    g(1); g(2); g(3);\n}\n",[929,2106,2107,2117,2129,2141,2156,2182,2186,2203,2217,2241,2245,2255,2260,2265,2270,2275,2304,2310,2316,2322,2328,2356],{"__ignoreMap":927},[932,2108,2109,2111,2113,2115],{"class":934,"line":935},[932,2110,1599],{"class":1010},[932,2112,1602],{"class":949},[932,2114,1606],{"class":1605},[932,2116,960],{"class":949},[932,2118,2119,2121,2123,2125,2127],{"class":934,"line":942},[932,2120,946],{"class":945},[932,2122,950],{"class":949},[932,2124,1103],{"class":945},[932,2126,1179],{"class":956},[932,2128,960],{"class":949},[932,2130,2131,2134,2137,2139],{"class":934,"line":963},[932,2132,2133],{"class":945},"void",[932,2135,2136],{"class":969}," f",[932,2138,1109],{"class":949},[932,2140,1004],{"class":949},[932,2142,2143,2146,2148,2150,2152,2154],{"class":934,"line":1007},[932,2144,2145],{"class":945},"    static",[932,2147,1343],{"class":945},[932,2149,985],{"class":1014},[932,2151,1712],{"class":949},[932,2153,1431],{"class":1122},[932,2155,1092],{"class":949},[932,2157,2158,2160,2162,2164,2166,2169,2172,2174,2176,2178,2180],{"class":934,"line":1037},[932,2159,1731],{"class":956},[932,2161,1734],{"class":949},[932,2163,1737],{"class":1014},[932,2165,1740],{"class":949},[932,2167,2168],{"class":949}," ++",[932,2170,2171],{"class":1014},"a ",[932,2173,1740],{"class":949},[932,2175,1748],{"class":956},[932,2177,1734],{"class":949},[932,2179,1753],{"class":1014},[932,2181,1034],{"class":949},[932,2183,2184],{"class":934,"line":1043},[932,2185,1040],{"class":949},[932,2187,2188,2190,2193,2195,2197,2199,2201],{"class":934,"line":1050},[932,2189,2133],{"class":945},[932,2191,2192],{"class":969}," g",[932,2194,973],{"class":949},[932,2196,1103],{"class":945},[932,2198,1985],{"class":984},[932,2200,1001],{"class":949},[932,2202,1004],{"class":949},[932,2204,2205,2207,2209,2211,2213,2215],{"class":934,"line":1056},[932,2206,2145],{"class":945},[932,2208,1343],{"class":945},[932,2210,985],{"class":1014},[932,2212,1712],{"class":949},[932,2214,1431],{"class":1122},[932,2216,1092],{"class":949},[932,2218,2219,2221,2223,2225,2227,2229,2231,2233,2235,2237,2239],{"class":934,"line":1069},[932,2220,1731],{"class":956},[932,2222,1734],{"class":949},[932,2224,1737],{"class":1014},[932,2226,1740],{"class":949},[932,2228,2168],{"class":949},[932,2230,2171],{"class":1014},[932,2232,1740],{"class":949},[932,2234,1748],{"class":956},[932,2236,1734],{"class":949},[932,2238,1753],{"class":1014},[932,2240,1034],{"class":949},[932,2242,2243],{"class":934,"line":1080},[932,2244,1040],{"class":949},[932,2246,2247,2249,2251,2253],{"class":934,"line":1089},[932,2248,1103],{"class":945},[932,2250,1106],{"class":969},[932,2252,1109],{"class":949},[932,2254,1004],{"class":949},[932,2256,2257],{"class":934,"line":1095},[932,2258,2259],{"class":938},"    \u002F\u002F 以不同模板实参调用 f 模板，\n",[932,2261,2262],{"class":934,"line":1100},[932,2263,2264],{"class":938},"    \u002F\u002F 每次都生成不同的实例，\n",[932,2266,2267],{"class":934,"line":1114},[932,2268,2269],{"class":938},"    \u002F\u002F 不同实例中静态局部变量 a 分别只自增一次，\n",[932,2271,2272],{"class":934,"line":1137},[932,2273,2274],{"class":938},"    \u002F\u002F 最终输出 1 1 1\n",[932,2276,2277,2280,2282,2284,2286,2288,2290,2293,2295,2297,2299,2301],{"class":934,"line":1158},[932,2278,2279],{"class":969},"    f",[932,2281,950],{"class":949},[932,2283,2037],{"class":1122},[932,2285,2045],{"class":949},[932,2287,2136],{"class":969},[932,2289,950],{"class":949},[932,2291,2292],{"class":1122},"2",[932,2294,2045],{"class":949},[932,2296,2136],{"class":969},[932,2298,950],{"class":949},[932,2300,1123],{"class":1122},[932,2302,2303],{"class":949},">();\n",[932,2305,2307],{"class":934,"line":2306},17,[932,2308,2309],{"class":938},"    \u002F\u002F 多次以不同参数调用 g 函数\n",[932,2311,2313],{"class":934,"line":2312},18,[932,2314,2315],{"class":938},"    \u002F\u002F 每次调用的都是同一个函数\n",[932,2317,2319],{"class":934,"line":2318},19,[932,2320,2321],{"class":938},"    \u002F\u002F 导致每次调用静态局部变量 a 都会发生自增，\n",[932,2323,2325],{"class":934,"line":2324},20,[932,2326,2327],{"class":938},"    \u002F\u002F 最终输出 1 2 3\n",[932,2329,2331,2334,2336,2338,2340,2342,2344,2346,2348,2350,2352,2354],{"class":934,"line":2330},21,[932,2332,2333],{"class":969},"    g",[932,2335,973],{"class":949},[932,2337,2037],{"class":1122},[932,2339,1131],{"class":949},[932,2341,2192],{"class":969},[932,2343,973],{"class":949},[932,2345,2292],{"class":1122},[932,2347,1131],{"class":949},[932,2349,2192],{"class":969},[932,2351,973],{"class":949},[932,2353,1123],{"class":1122},[932,2355,1267],{"class":949},[932,2357,2359],{"class":934,"line":2358},22,[932,2360,1040],{"class":949},[918,2362,2363,2364,2368],{},"除此之外，由于模板的实例化是在编译期间完成的，所以",[2365,2366,2367],"strong",{},"模板实参必须是常量","。",[922,2370,2372],{"className":924,"code":2371,"language":926,"meta":927,"style":927},"template\u003Cint N, int M>\nint add() { return N + M; }\nint main() {\n    add\u003C1, 2>();        \u002F\u002F OK\n    int a{2};\n\u002F\u002F  add\u003C1, a>();        \u002F\u002F 编译错误，a 不是常量，无法编译期求值\n    constexpr int b{2}; \u002F\u002F b 是常量\n    add\u003C1, b>();        \u002F\u002F OK\n    const int c{a};     \u002F\u002F c 是只读变量，但不是常量\n\u002F\u002F  add\u003C1, c>();        \u002F\u002F 编译错误\n}\n",[929,2373,2374,2392,2416,2426,2443,2455,2463,2482,2498,2517,2525],{"__ignoreMap":927},[932,2375,2376,2378,2380,2382,2384,2386,2388,2390],{"class":934,"line":935},[932,2377,946],{"class":945},[932,2379,950],{"class":949},[932,2381,1103],{"class":945},[932,2383,1179],{"class":956},[932,2385,988],{"class":949},[932,2387,1343],{"class":945},[932,2389,1942],{"class":956},[932,2391,960],{"class":949},[932,2393,2394,2396,2398,2400,2403,2406,2408,2410,2412,2414],{"class":934,"line":942},[932,2395,1103],{"class":945},[932,2397,1951],{"class":969},[932,2399,1109],{"class":949},[932,2401,2402],{"class":949}," {",[932,2404,2405],{"class":1010}," return",[932,2407,1206],{"class":1014},[932,2409,1964],{"class":949},[932,2411,1942],{"class":1014},[932,2413,1152],{"class":949},[932,2415,1818],{"class":949},[932,2417,2418,2420,2422,2424],{"class":934,"line":963},[932,2419,1103],{"class":945},[932,2421,1106],{"class":969},[932,2423,1109],{"class":949},[932,2425,1004],{"class":949},[932,2427,2428,2430,2432,2434,2436,2438,2440],{"class":934,"line":1007},[932,2429,2032],{"class":969},[932,2431,950],{"class":949},[932,2433,2037],{"class":1122},[932,2435,988],{"class":949},[932,2437,2042],{"class":1122},[932,2439,2045],{"class":949},[932,2441,2442],{"class":938},"        \u002F\u002F OK\n",[932,2444,2445,2447,2449,2451,2453],{"class":934,"line":1037},[932,2446,1694],{"class":945},[932,2448,985],{"class":1014},[932,2450,1712],{"class":949},[932,2452,2292],{"class":1122},[932,2454,1092],{"class":949},[932,2456,2457,2460],{"class":934,"line":1043},[932,2458,2459],{"class":938},"\u002F\u002F  add\u003C1, a>();",[932,2461,2462],{"class":938},"        \u002F\u002F 编译错误，a 不是常量，无法编译期求值\n",[932,2464,2465,2468,2470,2472,2474,2476,2479],{"class":934,"line":1050},[932,2466,2467],{"class":945},"    constexpr",[932,2469,1343],{"class":945},[932,2471,998],{"class":1014},[932,2473,1712],{"class":949},[932,2475,2292],{"class":1122},[932,2477,2478],{"class":949},"};",[932,2480,2481],{"class":938}," \u002F\u002F b 是常量\n",[932,2483,2484,2486,2488,2490,2492,2494,2496],{"class":934,"line":1056},[932,2485,2032],{"class":969},[932,2487,950],{"class":949},[932,2489,2037],{"class":1122},[932,2491,988],{"class":949},[932,2493,998],{"class":956},[932,2495,2045],{"class":949},[932,2497,2442],{"class":938},[932,2499,2500,2503,2505,2508,2510,2512,2514],{"class":934,"line":1069},[932,2501,2502],{"class":945},"    const",[932,2504,1343],{"class":945},[932,2506,2507],{"class":1014}," c",[932,2509,1712],{"class":949},[932,2511,1720],{"class":1083},[932,2513,2478],{"class":949},[932,2515,2516],{"class":938},"     \u002F\u002F c 是只读变量，但不是常量\n",[932,2518,2519,2522],{"class":934,"line":1080},[932,2520,2521],{"class":938},"\u002F\u002F  add\u003C1, c>();",[932,2523,2524],{"class":938},"        \u002F\u002F 编译错误\n",[932,2526,2527],{"class":934,"line":1089},[932,2528,1040],{"class":949},[1868,2530,2531],{},[918,2532,2533,2534,2537],{},"C++ 语法要求非类型模板参数具有结构化类型（Structural Type），指：左值引用、整数类型、指针类型（含 ",[929,2535,2536],{},"nullptr"," 和成员指针）、枚举类型、浮点类型和满足少数条件的类类型。",[2539,2540,2541],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sHwdD, html code.shiki .sHwdD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#546E7A;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#676E95;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki .spNyl{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki 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