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}",[954,1145,1147],{"class":1146},"sHwdD"," \u002F\u002F 略去 const T& operator[](\u002Funsigned) const 重载\n",[954,1149,1151,1154,1157],{"class":956,"line":1150},13,[954,1152,1153],{"class":1036},"    ~Vla",[954,1155,1156],{"class":964},"()",[954,1158,987],{"class":964},[954,1160,1162,1165,1167],{"class":956,"line":1161},14,[954,1163,1164],{"class":964},"        delete[]",[954,1166,1012],{"class":996},[954,1168,1000],{"class":964},[954,1170,1172],{"class":956,"line":1171},15,[954,1173,1094],{"class":964},[954,1175,1177],{"class":956,"line":1176},16,[954,1178,1179],{"class":964},"};\n",[954,1181,1183],{"class":956,"line":1182},17,[954,1184,1021],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1020},[954,1186,1188,1191,1194,1196],{"class":956,"line":1187},18,[954,1189,1190],{"class":960},"int",[954,1192,1193],{"class":1036}," 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'",[954,1316,1318],{"class":1317},"sfazB","a",[954,1320,1321],{"class":964},"'",[954,1323,1243],{"class":964},[954,1325,1290],{"class":1080},[954,1327,1083],{"class":964},[954,1329,1250],{"class":1105},[954,1331,1234],{"class":964},[954,1333,1237],{"class":964},[954,1335,1314],{"class":964},[954,1337,1338],{"class":1317},"b",[954,1340,1321],{"class":964},[954,1342,1243],{"class":964},[954,1344,1290],{"class":1080},[954,1346,1083],{"class":964},[954,1348,1266],{"class":1105},[954,1350,1234],{"class":964},[954,1352,1237],{"class":964},[954,1354,1314],{"class":964},[954,1356,1357],{"class":1317},"c",[954,1359,1321],{"class":964},[954,1361,1000],{"class":964},[954,1363,1365],{"class":956,"line":1364},23,[954,1366,1367],{"class":964},"}\n",[918,1369,1370,1371,1374,1375,1377],{},"这里定义了类模板 ",[937,1372,1373],{},"Vla","。",[937,1376,1373],{}," 模板可以生成一系列类的定义。与函数模板类似，从类模板生成类的过程仍然称为模板的实例化。",[918,1379,1380,1381,1384,1385,1388,1389,1392,1393,1395,1396,1398,1399,1401,1402,1398,1404,1406],{},"一般而言，使用类模板需要通过 ",[937,1382,1383],{},"@模板名\"\u003C\"模板实参列表\">\"@"," 这样一种指明模板实参的形式。这个形式可以让编译器进行模板的实例化过程生成一个类，且最后生成出得这个类就是这个形式的含义。比如上例 main 函数中的 ",[937,1386,1387],{},"Vla\u003Cint>"," 和 ",[937,1390,1391],{},"Vla\u003Cchar>"," 就是模板 ",[937,1394,1373],{}," 实例化的结果。同时，main 函数中的对象 ",[937,1397,1318],{}," 具有 ",[937,1400,1387],{}," 类型，对象 ",[937,1403,1338],{},[937,1405,1391],{}," 类型。",[918,1408,1409,1410,1412,1413,1416,1417,1419],{},"和函数模板非常类似，类模板的实例化过程也是替换。如 ",[937,1411,1387],{}," 类的实例化过程只是把模板类定义中出现的模板形参 ",[937,1414,1415],{},"T"," 换成模板实参 ",[937,1418,1190],{},"，换句话说就是生成了这样一个类：",[945,1421,1423],{"className":947,"code":1422,"language":949,"meta":950,"style":950},"class \u002F* Vla\u003Cint> *\u002F {\n    unsigned size;\n    int* ptr;\n\npublic:\n    Vla(unsigned size) : size{size} {\n        ptr = new int[size];\n    }\n    int& operator[](\u002Funsigned i) {\n        return ptr[i];\n    }\n    ~Vla() {\n        delete[] ptr;\n    }\n};\n",[937,1424,1425,1434,1442,1453,1457,1463,1487,1504,1508,1527,1539,1543,1551,1559,1563],{"__ignoreMap":950},[954,1426,1427,1429,1432],{"class":956,"line":957},[954,1428,981],{"class":960},[954,1430,1431],{"class":1146}," \u002F* Vla\u003Cint> *\u002F",[954,1433,987],{"class":964},[954,1435,1436,1438,1440],{"class":956,"line":978},[954,1437,993],{"class":960},[954,1439,997],{"class":996},[954,1441,1000],{"class":964},[954,1443,1444,1447,1449,1451],{"class":956,"line":990},[954,1445,1446],{"class":960},"    int",[954,1448,1009],{"class":964},[954,1450,1012],{"class":996},[954,1452,1000],{"class":964},[954,1454,1455],{"class":956,"line":1003},[954,1456,1021],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1020},[954,1458,1459,1461],{"class":956,"line":1017},[954,1460,1027],{"class":960},[954,1462,1030],{"class":964},[954,1464,1465,1467,1469,1471,1473,1475,1477,1479,1481,1483,1485],{"class":956,"line":1024},[954,1466,1037],{"class":1036},[954,1468,1040],{"class":964},[954,1470,1043],{"class":960},[954,1472,997],{"class":1046},[954,1474,1049],{"class":964},[954,1476,1052],{"class":964},[954,1478,997],{"class":1036},[954,1480,1057],{"class":964},[954,1482,1060],{"class":996},[954,1484,1063],{"class":964},[954,1486,987],{"class":964},[954,1488,1489,1491,1493,1495,1498,1500,1502],{"class":956,"line":1033},[954,1490,1071],{"class":996},[954,1492,1074],{"class":964},[954,1494,1077],{"class":964},[954,1496,1497],{"class":960}," int",[954,1499,1083],{"class":964},[954,1501,1060],{"class":996},[954,1503,1088],{"class":964},[954,1505,1506],{"class":956,"line":1068},[954,1507,1094],{"class":964},[954,1509,1510,1513,1515,1517,1519,1521,1523,1525],{"class":956,"line":1091},[954,1511,1512],{"class":960},"    int&",[954,1514,1106],{"class":1105},[954,1516,1109],{"class":971},[954,1518,1112],{"class":964},[954,1520,1043],{"class":960},[954,1522,1117],{"class":1046},[954,1524,1049],{"class":964},[954,1526,987],{"class":964},[954,1528,1529,1531,1533,1535,1537],{"class":956,"line":1097},[954,1530,1128],{"class":1127},[954,1532,1012],{"class":1080},[954,1534,1083],{"class":964},[954,1536,1135],{"class":996},[954,1538,1088],{"class":964},[954,1540,1541],{"class":956,"line":1124},[954,1542,1094],{"class":964},[954,1544,1545,1547,1549],{"class":956,"line":1140},[954,1546,1153],{"class":1036},[954,1548,1156],{"class":964},[954,1550,987],{"class":964},[954,1552,1553,1555,1557],{"class":956,"line":1150},[954,1554,1164],{"class":964},[954,1556,1012],{"class":996},[954,1558,1000],{"class":964},[954,1560,1561],{"class":956,"line":1161},[954,1562,1094],{"class":964},[954,1564,1565],{"class":956,"line":1171},[954,1566,1179],{"class":964},[918,1568,1569],{},"在某些情形下，类的实例化可以略去模板实参，利用类模板实参推导（Class Template Argument Deduction, CTAD）机制来完成实例化。",[945,1571,1573],{"className":947,"code":1572,"language":949,"meta":950,"style":950},"template\u003Ctypename T>\nclass C {\n    T mem;\n\npublic:\n    C(T mem) : mem{mem} { }\n};\n\nint main() {\n    C a(3); \u002F\u002F 无需模板实参，推导出应生成 C\u003Cint> 类\n}\n",[937,1574,1575,1587,1596,1603,1607,1613,1644,1648,1652,1662,1679],{"__ignoreMap":950},[954,1576,1577,1579,1581,1583,1585],{"class":956,"line":957},[954,1578,961],{"class":960},[954,1580,965],{"class":964},[954,1582,968],{"class":960},[954,1584,972],{"class":971},[954,1586,975],{"class":964},[954,1588,1589,1591,1594],{"class":956,"line":978},[954,1590,981],{"class":960},[954,1592,1593],{"class":971}," C",[954,1595,987],{"class":964},[954,1597,1598,1601],{"class":956,"line":990},[954,1599,1600],{"class":996},"    T mem",[954,1602,1000],{"class":964},[954,1604,1605],{"class":956,"line":1003},[954,1606,1021],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1020},[954,1608,1609,1611],{"class":956,"line":1017},[954,1610,1027],{"class":960},[954,1612,1030],{"class":964},[954,1614,1615,1618,1620,1622,1625,1627,1629,1631,1633,1636,1638,1641],{"class":956,"line":1024},[954,1616,1617],{"class":1036},"    C",[954,1619,1040],{"class":964},[954,1621,1415],{"class":971},[954,1623,1624],{"class":1046}," mem",[954,1626,1049],{"class":964},[954,1628,1052],{"class":964},[954,1630,1624],{"class":1036},[954,1632,1057],{"class":964},[954,1634,1635],{"class":996},"mem",[954,1637,1063],{"class":964},[954,1639,1640],{"class":964}," {",[954,1642,1643],{"class":964}," }\n",[954,1645,1646],{"class":956,"line":1033},[954,1647,1179],{"class":964},[954,1649,1650],{"class":956,"line":1068},[954,1651,1021],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1020},[954,1653,1654,1656,1658,1660],{"class":956,"line":1091},[954,1655,1190],{"class":960},[954,1657,1193],{"class":1036},[954,1659,1156],{"class":964},[954,1661,987],{"class":964},[954,1663,1664,1667,1669,1671,1673,1676],{"class":956,"line":1097},[954,1665,1666],{"class":1080},"    C ",[954,1668,1318],{"class":1036},[954,1670,1040],{"class":964},[954,1672,1217],{"class":1105},[954,1674,1675],{"class":964},");",[954,1677,1678],{"class":1146}," \u002F\u002F 无需模板实参，推导出应生成 C\u003Cint> 类\n",[954,1680,1681],{"class":956,"line":1124},[954,1682,1367],{"class":964},[918,1684,1685,1686,1692],{},"但 CTAD 机制需要一个非常“巧”的构造函数才能实现，有时还需要自己写一个称为",[1318,1687,1691],{"href":1688,"rel":1689},"https:\u002F\u002Fzh.cppreference.com\u002Fw\u002Fcpp\u002Flanguage\u002Fclass_template_argument_deduction",[1690],"nofollow","推导指引","的小段代码才能完成。我们并不在这里过多介绍它。",[1694,1695,1696],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki .spNyl{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki .sBMFI{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}html pre.shiki code .swJcz, html code.shiki .swJcz{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#F07178;--shiki-dark:#F07178}html pre.shiki code .s2Zo4, html code.shiki .s2Zo4{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#82AAFF;--shiki-dark:#82AAFF}html pre.shiki code .sHdIc, html code.shiki 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