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char*",[940,1140,986],{"class":985},[940,1142,989],{"class":950},[940,1144,992],{"class":950},[940,1146,1148,1150,1152,1154,1156,1158,1160,1162,1164,1166],{"class":942,"line":1147},13,[940,1149,999],{"class":998},[940,1151,1002],{"class":950},[940,1153,1006],{"class":1005},[940,1155,1009],{"class":950},[940,1157,1012],{"class":1005},[940,1159,1009],{"class":950},[940,1161,1017],{"class":998},[940,1163,1002],{"class":950},[940,1165,1022],{"class":1005},[940,1167,1025],{"class":950},[940,1169,1171],{"class":942,"line":1170},14,[940,1172,1031],{"class":950},[940,1174,1176,1178,1181,1184],{"class":942,"line":1175},15,[940,1177,982],{"class":971},[940,1179,1180],{"class":975}," main",[940,1182,1183],{"class":950},"()",[940,1185,992],{"class":950},[940,1187,1189],{"class":942,"line":1188},16,[940,1190,1191],{"class":964},"    \u002F\u002F 调用时，编译器会根据实参类型选择对应的函数\n",[940,1193,1195,1198,1200,1204],{"class":942,"line":1194},17,[940,1196,1197],{"class":975},"    print",[940,1199,979],{"class":950},[940,1201,1203],{"class":1202},"sbssI","42",[940,1205,1206],{"class":950},");\n",[940,1208,1210,1212,1214,1217],{"class":942,"line":1209},18,[940,1211,1197],{"class":975},[940,1213,979],{"class":950},[940,1215,1216],{"class":1202},"3.14",[940,1218,1206],{"class":950},[940,1220,1222,1224,1226,1229,1232,1234],{"class":942,"line":1221},19,[940,1223,1197],{"class":975},[940,1225,979],{"class":950},[940,1227,1228],{"class":950},"'",[940,1230,1231],{"class":954},"@",[940,1233,1228],{"class":950},[940,1235,1206],{"class":950},[940,1237,1239,1241,1243,1246,1249,1251],{"class":942,"line":1238},20,[940,1240,1197],{"class":975},[940,1242,979],{"class":950},[940,1244,1245],{"class":950},"\"",[940,1247,1248],{"class":954},"Hello",[940,1250,1245],{"class":950},[940,1252,1206],{"class":950},[940,1254,1256],{"class":942,"line":1255},21,[940,1257,1031],{"class":950},[919,1259,1260,1261,1264,1265,1268],{},"在上面这段程序中，可以发现 ",[937,1262,1263],{},"std::cout \u003C\u003C x \u003C\u003C std::endl;"," 这行语句出现了 4 次，很啰嗦。甚至，这四个 ",[937,1266,1267],{},"print"," 函数除了参数类型不一样之外是完全相同的。那么相同的代码重复多遍总归是不好的，C++ 的模板可以解决这个问题。",[919,1270,1271,1272,1276],{},"函数模板，顾名思义，就是一个可以",[1273,1274,1275],"strong",{},"生成","若干个类似函数的东西。下面就是我们在这个例子中需要的函数模板：",[930,1278,1280],{"className":932,"code":1279,"language":934,"meta":935,"style":935},"template\u003Ctypename T>\nvoid print(T x) {\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C x \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\n",[937,1281,1282,1298,1315,1337],{"__ignoreMap":935},[940,1283,1284,1287,1290,1293,1296],{"class":942,"line":943},[940,1285,1286],{"class":971},"template",[940,1288,1289],{"class":950},"\u003C",[940,1291,1292],{"class":971},"typename",[940,1294,1295],{"class":998}," T",[940,1297,958],{"class":950},[940,1299,1300,1302,1304,1306,1309,1311,1313],{"class":942,"line":961},[940,1301,972],{"class":971},[940,1303,976],{"class":975},[940,1305,979],{"class":950},[940,1307,1308],{"class":998},"T",[940,1310,986],{"class":985},[940,1312,989],{"class":950},[940,1314,992],{"class":950},[940,1316,1317,1319,1321,1323,1325,1327,1329,1331,1333,1335],{"class":942,"line":968},[940,1318,999],{"class":998},[940,1320,1002],{"class":950},[940,1322,1006],{"class":1005},[940,1324,1009],{"class":950},[940,1326,1012],{"class":1005},[940,1328,1009],{"class":950},[940,1330,1017],{"class":998},[940,1332,1002],{"class":950},[940,1334,1022],{"class":1005},[940,1336,1025],{"class":950},[940,1338,1339],{"class":942,"line":995},[940,1340,1031],{"class":950},[919,1342,1343,1344,1346,1347,1349],{},"看上去并不复杂，唯独在前面多了一行 ",[937,1345,1286],{}," 云云。模板的声明总是由 ",[937,1348,1286],{}," 关键字开头的，然后后面接着模板的定义。我们并不在这里展开这个定义的具体写法，我们目前只关注定义了这个模板带来的效果：",[930,1351,1353],{"className":932,"code":1352,"language":934,"meta":935,"style":935},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n\u002F\u002F 刚才定义的模板\ntemplate\u003Ctypename T>\nvoid print(T x) {\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C x \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\n\u002F\u002F 定义了上述模板之后就不再需要写任何 print 函数了\nint main() {\n    \u002F\u002F 以下四个调用完全 OK，编译通过\n    print(42);\n    print(3.14);\n    print('@');\n    print(\"Hello\");\n}\n",[937,1354,1355,1365,1370,1382,1398,1420,1424,1429,1439,1444,1454,1464,1478,1492],{"__ignoreMap":935},[940,1356,1357,1359,1361,1363],{"class":942,"line":943},[940,1358,947],{"class":946},[940,1360,951],{"class":950},[940,1362,955],{"class":954},[940,1364,958],{"class":950},[940,1366,1367],{"class":942,"line":961},[940,1368,1369],{"class":964},"\u002F\u002F 刚才定义的模板\n",[940,1371,1372,1374,1376,1378,1380],{"class":942,"line":968},[940,1373,1286],{"class":971},[940,1375,1289],{"class":950},[940,1377,1292],{"class":971},[940,1379,1295],{"class":998},[940,1381,958],{"class":950},[940,1383,1384,1386,1388,1390,1392,1394,1396],{"class":942,"line":995},[940,1385,972],{"class":971},[940,1387,976],{"class":975},[940,1389,979],{"class":950},[940,1391,1308],{"class":998},[940,1393,986],{"class":985},[940,1395,989],{"class":950},[940,1397,992],{"class":950},[940,1399,1400,1402,1404,1406,1408,1410,1412,1414,1416,1418],{"class":942,"line":1028},[940,1401,999],{"class":998},[940,1403,1002],{"class":950},[940,1405,1006],{"class":1005},[940,1407,1009],{"class":950},[940,1409,1012],{"class":1005},[940,1411,1009],{"class":950},[940,1413,1017],{"class":998},[940,1415,1002],{"class":950},[940,1417,1022],{"class":1005},[940,1419,1025],{"class":950},[940,1421,1422],{"class":942,"line":1034},[940,1423,1031],{"class":950},[940,1425,1426],{"class":942,"line":1052},[940,1427,1428],{"class":964},"\u002F\u002F 定义了上述模板之后就不再需要写任何 print 函数了\n",[940,1430,1431,1433,1435,1437],{"class":942,"line":1075},[940,1432,982],{"class":971},[940,1434,1180],{"class":975},[940,1436,1183],{"class":950},[940,1438,992],{"class":950},[940,1440,1441],{"class":942,"line":1080},[940,1442,1443],{"class":964},"    \u002F\u002F 以下四个调用完全 OK，编译通过\n",[940,1445,1446,1448,1450,1452],{"class":942,"line":1098},[940,1447,1197],{"class":975},[940,1449,979],{"class":950},[940,1451,1203],{"class":1202},[940,1453,1206],{"class":950},[940,1455,1456,1458,1460,1462],{"class":942,"line":1121},[940,1457,1197],{"class":975},[940,1459,979],{"class":950},[940,1461,1216],{"class":1202},[940,1463,1206],{"class":950},[940,1465,1466,1468,1470,1472,1474,1476],{"class":942,"line":1126},[940,1467,1197],{"class":975},[940,1469,979],{"class":950},[940,1471,1228],{"class":950},[940,1473,1231],{"class":954},[940,1475,1228],{"class":950},[940,1477,1206],{"class":950},[940,1479,1480,1482,1484,1486,1488,1490],{"class":942,"line":1147},[940,1481,1197],{"class":975},[940,1483,979],{"class":950},[940,1485,1245],{"class":950},[940,1487,1248],{"class":954},[940,1489,1245],{"class":950},[940,1491,1206],{"class":950},[940,1493,1494],{"class":942,"line":1170},[940,1495,1031],{"class":950},[919,1497,1498,1499,1501,1502,1505],{},"当模板被定义后，不再需要写原来的四个 ",[937,1500,1267],{},"，",[937,1503,1504],{},"main"," 函数里就能开始调用它了。这是因为，函数模板会根据全文中出现的函数调用表达式来生成函数。在这个例子中，函数模板生成了",[1507,1508,1509,1515,1520,1525],"ul",{},[1510,1511,1512],"li",{},[937,1513,1514],{},"void print(int);",[1510,1516,1517],{},[937,1518,1519],{},"void print(double);",[1510,1521,1522],{},[937,1523,1524],{},"void print(char);",[1510,1526,1527],{},[937,1528,1529],{},"void print(const char*);",[919,1531,1532],{},"四个函数（以重载的形式），从而整段程序编译通过。",[919,1534,1535],{},"下一节开始，你将会学到函数模板与类模板的具体使用方法。",[1537,1538,1539],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .s7zQu, html code.shiki .s7zQu{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html pre.shiki code 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.sbssI{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#F78C6C;--shiki-dark:#F78C6C}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark 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