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bark",[932,1103,977],{"class":942},[932,1105,1025],{"class":956},[932,1107,964],{"class":942},[932,1109,1111,1113,1115,1117,1119,1121,1124,1126,1128,1130,1132,1134],{"class":934,"line":1110},12,[932,1112,1033],{"class":960},[932,1114,1036],{"class":942},[932,1116,1040],{"class":1039},[932,1118,1043],{"class":942},[932,1120,1046],{"class":942},[932,1122,1123],{"class":946},"woof!",[932,1125,1052],{"class":942},[932,1127,1055],{"class":942},[932,1129,1058],{"class":960},[932,1131,1036],{"class":942},[932,1133,1063],{"class":1039},[932,1135,1066],{"class":942},[932,1137,1139],{"class":934,"line":1138},13,[932,1140,1072],{"class":942},[932,1142,1144],{"class":934,"line":1143},14,[932,1145,993],{"class":942},[932,1147,1149],{"class":934,"line":1148},15,[932,1150,1152],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1151},true,"\n",[932,1154,1156,1159,1162,1165,1168,1170,1173,1177,1180],{"class":934,"line":1155},16,[932,1157,1158],{"class":956},"void",[932,1160,1161],{"class":973}," tryBark",[932,1163,1164],{"class":942},"(",[932,1166,1167],{"class":956},"const",[932,1169,961],{"class":960},[932,1171,1172],{"class":956},"*",[932,1174,1176],{"class":1175},"sHdIc"," a",[932,1178,1179],{"class":942},")",[932,1181,964],{"class":942},[932,1183,1185,1188,1191,1195,1197,1200,1203,1206,1209],{"class":934,"line":1184},17,[932,1186,1187],{"class":938},"    if",[932,1189,1190],{"class":942}," (typeid(*",[932,1192,1194],{"class":1193},"sTEyZ","a",[932,1196,1179],{"class":942},[932,1198,1199],{"class":942}," ==",[932,1201,1202],{"class":942}," typeid(",[932,1204,1205],{"class":1193},"Dog",[932,1207,1208],{"class":942},"))",[932,1210,964],{"class":942},[932,1212,1214,1217,1219,1221,1224,1227,1229,1231,1234,1236],{"class":934,"line":1213},18,[932,1215,1216],{"class":956},"        const",[932,1218,1085],{"class":1039},[932,1220,1172],{"class":942},[932,1222,1223],{"class":1039}," dog",[932,1225,1226],{"class":942},"{static_cast\u003C",[932,1228,1167],{"class":956},[932,1230,1085],{"class":1039},[932,1232,1233],{"class":942},"*>(",[932,1235,1194],{"class":1039},[932,1237,1238],{"class":942},")};\n",[932,1240,1242,1245,1248,1251],{"class":934,"line":1241},19,[932,1243,1244],{"class":1193},"        dog",[932,1246,1247],{"class":942},"->",[932,1249,1250],{"class":973},"bark",[932,1252,1253],{"class":942},"();\n",[932,1255,1257],{"class":934,"line":1256},20,[932,1258,1072],{"class":942},[932,1260,1262],{"class":934,"line":1261},21,[932,1263,1264],{"class":942},"}\n",[932,1266,1268],{"class":934,"line":1267},22,[932,1269,1152],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1151},[932,1271,1273,1276,1279,1281],{"class":934,"line":1272},23,[932,1274,1275],{"class":956},"int",[932,1277,1278],{"class":973}," main",[932,1280,977],{"class":942},[932,1282,964],{"class":942},[932,1284,1286,1289,1291,1294],{"class":934,"line":1285},24,[932,1287,1288],{"class":1193},"    Animal",[932,1290,1172],{"class":942},[932,1292,1293],{"class":1193}," pet",[932,1295,1296],{"class":942},"{nullptr};\n",[932,1298,1300,1303,1305,1307,1309,1311,1314,1316,1318,1320,1322,1324],{"class":934,"line":1299},25,[932,1301,1302],{"class":960},"    std",[932,1304,1036],{"class":942},[932,1306,1040],{"class":1193},[932,1308,1043],{"class":942},[932,1310,1046],{"class":942},[932,1312,1313],{"class":946},"If you want a cat, press 1.",[932,1315,1052],{"class":942},[932,1317,1055],{"class":942},[932,1319,1058],{"class":960},[932,1321,1036],{"class":942},[932,1323,1063],{"class":1193},[932,1325,1066],{"class":942},[932,1327,1329,1332,1335],{"class":934,"line":1328},26,[932,1330,1331],{"class":956},"    int",[932,1333,1334],{"class":1193}," n",[932,1336,1066],{"class":942},[932,1338,1340,1342,1344,1347,1350,1352],{"class":934,"line":1339},27,[932,1341,1302],{"class":960},[932,1343,1036],{"class":942},[932,1345,1346],{"class":1193},"cin ",[932,1348,1349],{"class":942},">>",[932,1351,1334],{"class":1193},[932,1353,1066],{"class":942},[932,1355,1357,1359,1362,1365,1368,1372,1374],{"class":934,"line":1356},28,[932,1358,1187],{"class":938},[932,1360,1361],{"class":942}," (",[932,1363,1364],{"class":1193},"n ",[932,1366,1367],{"class":942},"==",[932,1369,1371],{"class":1370},"sbssI"," 1",[932,1373,1179],{"class":942},[932,1375,964],{"class":942},[932,1377,1379,1382,1385,1388,1390],{"class":934,"line":1378},29,[932,1380,1381],{"class":1039},"        pet ",[932,1383,1384],{"class":942},"=",[932,1386,1387],{"class":942}," new",[932,1389,1001],{"class":1039},[932,1391,1392],{"class":942},"{};\n",[932,1394,1396,1399,1402],{"class":934,"line":1395},30,[932,1397,1398],{"class":942},"    }",[932,1400,1401],{"class":938}," else",[932,1403,964],{"class":942},[932,1405,1407,1409,1411,1413,1415],{"class":934,"line":1406},31,[932,1408,1381],{"class":1039},[932,1410,1384],{"class":942},[932,1412,1387],{"class":942},[932,1414,1085],{"class":1039},[932,1416,1392],{"class":942},[932,1418,1420],{"class":934,"line":1419},32,[932,1421,1072],{"class":942},[932,1423,1425,1428,1430,1433],{"class":934,"line":1424},33,[932,1426,1427],{"class":973},"    tryBark",[932,1429,1164],{"class":942},[932,1431,1432],{"class":1193},"pet",[932,1434,1435],{"class":942},");\n",[932,1437,1439,1442,1444],{"class":934,"line":1438},34,[932,1440,1441],{"class":942},"    delete",[932,1443,1293],{"class":1193},[932,1445,1066],{"class":942},[932,1447,1449],{"class":934,"line":1448},35,[932,1450,1264],{"class":942},[918,1452,1453,1454,1457,1458,1461,1462,1465,1466,1469,1470,1472,1473,1475],{},"我删去了不必要的 ",[929,1455,1456],{},"getName","，并令 ",[929,1459,1460],{},"Animal"," 的析构函数为虚使得其为多态类型，从而 ",[929,1463,1464],{},"tryBark"," 能够正常运行。这个程序中，如果你输入 ",[929,1467,1468],{},"1","，则 ",[929,1471,1464],{}," 不做任何事；否则输出 ",[929,1474,1123],{},"。",[918,1477,1478,1479,1481,1482,1485,1486,1488,1489,1485,1491,1493,1494,1496,1497,1485,1499,1501,1502,1504],{},"上面的程序创建了三个类 ",[929,1480,1460],{}," ",[929,1483,1484],{},"Cat"," 和 ",[929,1487,1205],{},"，但在实际使用中我们只可能创建 ",[929,1490,1484],{},[929,1492,1205],{}," 类的对象，而不可能仅创建一个 ",[929,1495,1460],{}," 类型的对象。因此，按照上面的划分，",[929,1498,1484],{},[929,1500,1205],{}," 是“具体类”，相对地 ",[929,1503,1460],{}," 就是“抽象类”。",[918,1506,1507,1508,1511],{},"C++ 提供了在语法层面的",[1509,1510,557],"strong",{},"（Abstract class）。所谓“语法层面”就是指，如果尝试创建一个抽象类的实例，C++ 就会给出编译错误。这种语法设计可以减少编码时的错误，并有助于程序结构清晰。那么如何创建语法层面的抽象类呢？首先需要引入一个新概念——纯虚函数。",[1513,1514,1515],"h2",{"id":1515},"纯虚函数",[918,1517,1518,1520],{},[1509,1519,1515],{},"（Pure virtual function）是一种带有特殊标记的虚函数。所谓特殊标记就是：",[1522,1523,1524],"sdsc",{},[918,1525,1526,1527,1530,1531,1534],{},"\"virtual\" ",[932,1528,1529],{},"返回值类型"," 函数名\"(\"",[932,1532,1533],{},"参数列表","\") = 0;\"",[918,1536,1537,1538,1542,1543,1546,1547,1549,1550,1552,1553,1475],{},"它与普通的虚函数多了一个被称为",[1539,1540,1541],"em",{},"纯说明符","的小尾巴 ",[929,1544,1545],{},"= 0","。换句话说，只要给一个虚函数加上这个 ",[929,1548,1545],{}," 就使得它变成了纯虚函数。不过由于语法限制，",[1539,1551,1541],{},"和函数体无法同时出现，故",[1509,1554,1555],{},"纯虚函数不允许类内定义",[918,1557,1558,1559,1562],{},"而语法层面的抽象类就是指",[1509,1560,1561],{},"含有或继承了纯虚函数的类","。因此，如果一个类带有纯虚函数，那么它成为抽象类，从而不能定义该类的任何对象。",[918,1564,1565,1566,1568,1569,1572],{},"下面我们将上文例子中的 ",[929,1567,1460],{}," 定义为抽象类。我只需要将添加一个纯虚函数 ",[929,1570,1571],{},"act"," 即可。",[922,1574,1576],{"className":924,"code":1575,"language":926,"meta":927,"style":927},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nstruct Animal {\n    virtual void act() const = 0; \u002F\u002F 纯虚函数，使得 Animal 为抽象类\n};\n\nstruct Cat : public Animal {\n    void act() const { \u002F\u002F 必须定义 Cat::act 来覆盖纯虚函数（见下文）\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C \"It says: \";\n        meow();\n    }\n    void meow() const {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C \"meow~\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n    }\n};\n\nstruct Dog : public Animal {\n    void act() const { \u002F\u002F 必须定义\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C \"It says: \";\n        bark();\n    }\n    void bark() const {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C \"woof!\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n    }\n};\n\nint main() {\n    \u002F\u002F Animal a;                \u002F\u002F 编译错误\n    \u002F\u002F Animal* p{new Animal{}}; \u002F\u002F 编译错误\n    Animal* pet{new Cat{}};     \u002F\u002F OK\n\n    \u002F\u002F [...]\n    \u002F\u002F 调用虚函数的最终覆盖\n    pet->act();\n    delete pet;\n}\n",[929,1577,1578,1588,1596,1622,1626,1630,1644,1659,1678,1685,1689,1701,1727,1731,1735,1739,1753,1768,1786,1793,1797,1809,1835,1839,1843,1847,1857,1865,1873,1892,1896,1901,1906,1917,1925],{"__ignoreMap":927},[932,1579,1580,1582,1584,1586],{"class":934,"line":935},[932,1581,939],{"class":938},[932,1583,943],{"class":942},[932,1585,947],{"class":946},[932,1587,950],{"class":942},[932,1589,1590,1592,1594],{"class":934,"line":953},[932,1591,957],{"class":956},[932,1593,961],{"class":960},[932,1595,964],{"class":942},[932,1597,1598,1600,1603,1606,1608,1610,1613,1616,1619],{"class":934,"line":967},[932,1599,970],{"class":956},[932,1601,1602],{"class":956}," void",[932,1604,1605],{"class":973}," act",[932,1607,977],{"class":942},[932,1609,1025],{"class":956},[932,1611,1612],{"class":942}," =",[932,1614,1615],{"class":1370}," 0",[932,1617,1618],{"class":942},";",[932,1620,1621],{"class":986}," \u002F\u002F 纯虚函数，使得 Animal 为抽象类\n",[932,1623,1624],{"class":934,"line":990},[932,1625,993],{"class":942},[932,1627,1628],{"class":934,"line":996},[932,1629,1152],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1151},[932,1631,1632,1634,1636,1638,1640,1642],{"class":934,"line":1014},[932,1633,957],{"class":956},[932,1635,1001],{"class":960},[932,1637,1004],{"class":942},[932,1639,1007],{"class":956},[932,1641,961],{"class":960},[932,1643,964],{"class":942},[932,1645,1646,1648,1650,1652,1654,1656],{"class":934,"line":1030},[932,1647,1017],{"class":956},[932,1649,1605],{"class":973},[932,1651,977],{"class":942},[932,1653,1025],{"class":956},[932,1655,980],{"class":942},[932,1657,1658],{"class":986}," \u002F\u002F 必须定义 Cat::act 来覆盖纯虚函数（见下文）\n",[932,1660,1661,1663,1665,1667,1669,1671,1674,1676],{"class":934,"line":1069},[932,1662,1033],{"class":960},[932,1664,1036],{"class":942},[932,1666,1040],{"class":1039},[932,1668,1043],{"class":942},[932,1670,1046],{"class":942},[932,1672,1673],{"class":946},"It says: ",[932,1675,1052],{"class":942},[932,1677,1066],{"class":942},[932,1679,1680,1683],{"class":934,"line":1075},[932,1681,1682],{"class":973},"        meow",[932,1684,1253],{"class":942},[932,1686,1687],{"class":934,"line":1080},[932,1688,1072],{"class":942},[932,1690,1691,1693,1695,1697,1699],{"class":934,"line":1096},[932,1692,1017],{"class":956},[932,1694,1020],{"class":973},[932,1696,977],{"class":942},[932,1698,1025],{"class":956},[932,1700,964],{"class":942},[932,1702,1703,1705,1707,1709,1711,1713,1715,1717,1719,1721,1723,1725],{"class":934,"line":1110},[932,1704,1033],{"class":960},[932,1706,1036],{"class":942},[932,1708,1040],{"class":1039},[932,1710,1043],{"class":942},[932,1712,1046],{"class":942},[932,1714,1049],{"class":946},[932,1716,1052],{"class":942},[932,1718,1055],{"class":942},[932,1720,1058],{"class":960},[932,1722,1036],{"class":942},[932,1724,1063],{"class":1039},[932,1726,1066],{"class":942},[932,1728,1729],{"class":934,"line":1138},[932,1730,1072],{"class":942},[932,1732,1733],{"class":934,"line":1143},[932,1734,993],{"class":942},[932,1736,1737],{"class":934,"line":1148},[932,1738,1152],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1151},[932,1740,1741,1743,1745,1747,1749,1751],{"class":934,"line":1155},[932,1742,957],{"class":956},[932,1744,1085],{"class":960},[932,1746,1004],{"class":942},[932,1748,1007],{"class":956},[932,1750,961],{"class":960},[932,1752,964],{"class":942},[932,1754,1755,1757,1759,1761,1763,1765],{"class":934,"line":1184},[932,1756,1017],{"class":956},[932,1758,1605],{"class":973},[932,1760,977],{"class":942},[932,1762,1025],{"class":956},[932,1764,980],{"class":942},[932,1766,1767],{"class":986}," \u002F\u002F 必须定义\n",[932,1769,1770,1772,1774,1776,1778,1780,1782,1784],{"class":934,"line":1213},[932,1771,1033],{"class":960},[932,1773,1036],{"class":942},[932,1775,1040],{"class":1039},[932,1777,1043],{"class":942},[932,1779,1046],{"class":942},[932,1781,1673],{"class":946},[932,1783,1052],{"class":942},[932,1785,1066],{"class":942},[932,1787,1788,1791],{"class":934,"line":1241},[932,1789,1790],{"class":973},"        bark",[932,1792,1253],{"class":942},[932,1794,1795],{"class":934,"line":1256},[932,1796,1072],{"class":942},[932,1798,1799,1801,1803,1805,1807],{"class":934,"line":1261},[932,1800,1017],{"class":956},[932,1802,1101],{"class":973},[932,1804,977],{"class":942},[932,1806,1025],{"class":956},[932,1808,964],{"class":942},[932,1810,1811,1813,1815,1817,1819,1821,1823,1825,1827,1829,1831,1833],{"class":934,"line":1267},[932,1812,1033],{"class":960},[932,1814,1036],{"class":942},[932,1816,1040],{"class":1039},[932,1818,1043],{"class":942},[932,1820,1046],{"class":942},[932,1822,1123],{"class":946},[932,1824,1052],{"class":942},[932,1826,1055],{"class":942},[932,1828,1058],{"class":960},[932,1830,1036],{"class":942},[932,1832,1063],{"class":1039},[932,1834,1066],{"class":942},[932,1836,1837],{"class":934,"line":1272},[932,1838,1072],{"class":942},[932,1840,1841],{"class":934,"line":1285},[932,1842,993],{"class":942},[932,1844,1845],{"class":934,"line":1299},[932,1846,1152],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1151},[932,1848,1849,1851,1853,1855],{"class":934,"line":1328},[932,1850,1275],{"class":956},[932,1852,1278],{"class":973},[932,1854,977],{"class":942},[932,1856,964],{"class":942},[932,1858,1859,1862],{"class":934,"line":1339},[932,1860,1861],{"class":986},"    \u002F\u002F Animal a;",[932,1863,1864],{"class":986},"                \u002F\u002F 编译错误\n",[932,1866,1867,1870],{"class":934,"line":1356},[932,1868,1869],{"class":986},"    \u002F\u002F Animal* p{new Animal{}};",[932,1871,1872],{"class":986}," \u002F\u002F 编译错误\n",[932,1874,1875,1877,1879,1881,1884,1886,1889],{"class":934,"line":1378},[932,1876,1288],{"class":1193},[932,1878,1172],{"class":942},[932,1880,1293],{"class":1193},[932,1882,1883],{"class":942},"{new",[932,1885,1001],{"class":1039},[932,1887,1888],{"class":942},"{}};",[932,1890,1891],{"class":986},"     \u002F\u002F OK\n",[932,1893,1894],{"class":934,"line":1395},[932,1895,1152],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1151},[932,1897,1898],{"class":934,"line":1406},[932,1899,1900],{"class":986},"    \u002F\u002F [...]\n",[932,1902,1903],{"class":934,"line":1419},[932,1904,1905],{"class":986},"    \u002F\u002F 调用虚函数的最终覆盖\n",[932,1907,1908,1911,1913,1915],{"class":934,"line":1424},[932,1909,1910],{"class":1193},"    pet",[932,1912,1247],{"class":942},[932,1914,1571],{"class":973},[932,1916,1253],{"class":942},[932,1918,1919,1921,1923],{"class":934,"line":1438},[932,1920,1441],{"class":942},[932,1922,1293],{"class":1193},[932,1924,1066],{"class":942},[932,1926,1927],{"class":934,"line":1448},[932,1928,1264],{"class":942},[918,1930,1931,1932,1934,1935,1938,1939,1941,1942,1944,1945,1485,1947,1949,1950,1485,1952,1954,1955,1957],{},"我在 ",[929,1933,1460],{}," 中添加了纯虚函数声明 ",[929,1936,1937],{},"Animal::act","。这时，",[929,1940,1460],{}," 类成为抽象类，这个类的对象就不可能被构造出来。但由于继承的存在，",[929,1943,1937],{}," 会被继承到 ",[929,1946,1484],{},[929,1948,1205],{}," 中去，而根据抽象类的概念，",[929,1951,1484],{},[929,1953,1205],{}," 就都变成抽象类了。这不好。所以每个具体的派生类都需要重写一个非虚的 ",[929,1956,1571],{}," 成员来保证自己不是抽象的。",[918,1959,1960],{},"这也就是抽象类和纯虚函数的实际用途的体现。一般地，抽象类经常作为一个一般性概念而存在；它会包含若干个具体的派生类作为这个一般性感念的具体解释。而抽象类的纯虚函数则作为一个约束，要求其派生类必须实现这些函数的定义。",[918,1962,1963,1964,1966,1967,1969],{},"纯虚函数不能有类内定义，不过如果一个纯虚函数始终不会被调用，那么就无需给出它的定义。在刚才的例子中就从来没有调用过 ",[929,1965,1937],{},"，故不用给出定义。但这不意味着纯虚函数不能有定义。纯虚函数可以在类外定义：下面给出了定义并调用 ",[929,1968,1937],{}," 的版本：",[922,1971,1973],{"className":924,"code":1972,"language":926,"meta":927,"style":927},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nstruct Animal {\n    virtual void act() const = 0; \u002F\u002F 纯虚函数，不能类内定义，但……\n};\n\n\u002F\u002F ……可以类外定义\nvoid Animal::act() const {\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"It says: \";\n}\n\nstruct Cat : public Animal {\n    void act() const { \u002F\u002F 覆盖纯虚函数\n        Animal::act(); \u002F\u002F 调用基类的纯虚函数\n        meow();\n    }\n    void meow() const {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C \"meow~\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n    }\n};\n\nstruct Dog : public Animal {\n    void act() const { \u002F\u002F 覆盖纯虚函数\n        Animal::act();\n        bark();\n    }\n    void bark() const {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C \"woof!\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n    }\n};\n\nint main() {\n    Animal* pet{nullptr};\n    pet = new Cat{};\n\n    \u002F\u002F [...]\n    \u002F\u002F 调用虚函数的最终覆盖\n    pet->act();\n    delete pet;\n}\n",[929,1974,1975,1985,1993,2014,2018,2022,2027,2043,2061,2065,2069,2083,2098,2113,2119,2123,2135,2161,2165,2169,2173,2187,2201,2211,2217,2221,2233,2259,2263,2267,2271,2281,2291,2304,2308,2312,2317,2328,2337],{"__ignoreMap":927},[932,1976,1977,1979,1981,1983],{"class":934,"line":935},[932,1978,939],{"class":938},[932,1980,943],{"class":942},[932,1982,947],{"class":946},[932,1984,950],{"class":942},[932,1986,1987,1989,1991],{"class":934,"line":953},[932,1988,957],{"class":956},[932,1990,961],{"class":960},[932,1992,964],{"class":942},[932,1994,1995,1997,1999,2001,2003,2005,2007,2009,2011],{"class":934,"line":967},[932,1996,970],{"class":956},[932,1998,1602],{"class":956},[932,2000,1605],{"class":973},[932,2002,977],{"class":942},[932,2004,1025],{"class":956},[932,2006,1612],{"class":942},[932,2008,1615],{"class":1370},[932,2010,1618],{"class":942},[932,2012,2013],{"class":986}," \u002F\u002F 纯虚函数，不能类内定义，但……\n",[932,2015,2016],{"class":934,"line":990},[932,2017,993],{"class":942},[932,2019,2020],{"class":934,"line":996},[932,2021,1152],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1151},[932,2023,2024],{"class":934,"line":1014},[932,2025,2026],{"class":986},"\u002F\u002F ……可以类外定义\n",[932,2028,2029,2031,2033,2035,2037,2039,2041],{"class":934,"line":1030},[932,2030,1158],{"class":956},[932,2032,961],{"class":960},[932,2034,1036],{"class":942},[932,2036,1571],{"class":973},[932,2038,977],{"class":942},[932,2040,1025],{"class":956},[932,2042,964],{"class":942},[932,2044,2045,2047,2049,2051,2053,2055,2057,2059],{"class":934,"line":1069},[932,2046,1302],{"class":960},[932,2048,1036],{"class":942},[932,2050,1040],{"class":1193},[932,2052,1043],{"class":942},[932,2054,1046],{"class":942},[932,2056,1673],{"class":946},[932,2058,1052],{"class":942},[932,2060,1066],{"class":942},[932,2062,2063],{"class":934,"line":1075},[932,2064,1264],{"class":942},[932,2066,2067],{"class":934,"line":1080},[932,2068,1152],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1151},[932,2070,2071,2073,2075,2077,2079,2081],{"class":934,"line":1096},[932,2072,957],{"class":956},[932,2074,1001],{"class":960},[932,2076,1004],{"class":942},[932,2078,1007],{"class":956},[932,2080,961],{"class":960},[932,2082,964],{"class":942},[932,2084,2085,2087,2089,2091,2093,2095],{"class":934,"line":1110},[932,2086,1017],{"class":956},[932,2088,1605],{"class":973},[932,2090,977],{"class":942},[932,2092,1025],{"class":956},[932,2094,980],{"class":942},[932,2096,2097],{"class":986}," \u002F\u002F 覆盖纯虚函数\n",[932,2099,2100,2103,2105,2107,2110],{"class":934,"line":1138},[932,2101,2102],{"class":960},"        Animal",[932,2104,1036],{"class":942},[932,2106,1571],{"class":973},[932,2108,2109],{"class":942},"();",[932,2111,2112],{"class":986}," \u002F\u002F 调用基类的纯虚函数\n",[932,2114,2115,2117],{"class":934,"line":1143},[932,2116,1682],{"class":973},[932,2118,1253],{"class":942},[932,2120,2121],{"class":934,"line":1148},[932,2122,1072],{"class":942},[932,2124,2125,2127,2129,2131,2133],{"class":934,"line":1155},[932,2126,1017],{"class":956},[932,2128,1020],{"class":973},[932,2130,977],{"class":942},[932,2132,1025],{"class":956},[932,2134,964],{"class":942},[932,2136,2137,2139,2141,2143,2145,2147,2149,2151,2153,2155,2157,2159],{"class":934,"line":1184},[932,2138,1033],{"class":960},[932,2140,1036],{"class":942},[932,2142,1040],{"class":1039},[932,2144,1043],{"class":942},[932,2146,1046],{"class":942},[932,2148,1049],{"class":946},[932,2150,1052],{"class":942},[932,2152,1055],{"class":942},[932,2154,1058],{"class":960},[932,2156,1036],{"class":942},[932,2158,1063],{"class":1039},[932,2160,1066],{"class":942},[932,2162,2163],{"class":934,"line":1213},[932,2164,1072],{"class":942},[932,2166,2167],{"class":934,"line":1241},[932,2168,993],{"class":942},[932,2170,2171],{"class":934,"line":1256},[932,2172,1152],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1151},[932,2174,2175,2177,2179,2181,2183,2185],{"class":934,"line":1261},[932,2176,957],{"class":956},[932,2178,1085],{"class":960},[932,2180,1004],{"class":942},[932,2182,1007],{"class":956},[932,2184,961],{"class":960},[932,2186,964],{"class":942},[932,2188,2189,2191,2193,2195,2197,2199],{"class":934,"line":1267},[932,2190,1017],{"class":956},[932,2192,1605],{"class":973},[932,2194,977],{"class":942},[932,2196,1025],{"class":956},[932,2198,980],{"class":942},[932,2200,2097],{"class":986},[932,2202,2203,2205,2207,2209],{"class":934,"line":1272},[932,2204,2102],{"class":960},[932,2206,1036],{"class":942},[932,2208,1571],{"class":973},[932,2210,1253],{"class":942},[932,2212,2213,2215],{"class":934,"line":1285},[932,2214,1790],{"class":973},[932,2216,1253],{"class":942},[932,2218,2219],{"class":934,"line":1299},[932,2220,1072],{"class":942},[932,2222,2223,2225,2227,2229,2231],{"class":934,"line":1328},[932,2224,1017],{"class":956},[932,2226,1101],{"class":973},[932,2228,977],{"class":942},[932,2230,1025],{"class":956},[932,2232,964],{"class":942},[932,2234,2235,2237,2239,2241,2243,2245,2247,2249,2251,2253,2255,2257],{"class":934,"line":1339},[932,2236,1033],{"class":960},[932,2238,1036],{"class":942},[932,2240,1040],{"class":1039},[932,2242,1043],{"class":942},[932,2244,1046],{"class":942},[932,2246,1123],{"class":946},[932,2248,1052],{"class":942},[932,2250,1055],{"class":942},[932,2252,1058],{"class":960},[932,2254,1036],{"class":942},[932,2256,1063],{"class":1039},[932,2258,1066],{"class":942},[932,2260,2261],{"class":934,"line":1356},[932,2262,1072],{"class":942},[932,2264,2265],{"class":934,"line":1378},[932,2266,993],{"class":942},[932,2268,2269],{"class":934,"line":1395},[932,2270,1152],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1151},[932,2272,2273,2275,2277,2279],{"class":934,"line":1406},[932,2274,1275],{"class":956},[932,2276,1278],{"class":973},[932,2278,977],{"class":942},[932,2280,964],{"class":942},[932,2282,2283,2285,2287,2289],{"class":934,"line":1419},[932,2284,1288],{"class":1193},[932,2286,1172],{"class":942},[932,2288,1293],{"class":1193},[932,2290,1296],{"class":942},[932,2292,2293,2296,2298,2300,2302],{"class":934,"line":1424},[932,2294,2295],{"class":1193}," 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":927,"searchDepth":935,"depth":953,"links":2347},[2348],{"id":1515,"depth":953,"text":1515},"在面向对象编程中，有时将类在功能上分为两种，一种叫“具体类”，另一种叫“抽象类”。","md",null,{},{"icon":551},{"title":557,"description":2349},"MkT8w0zBEB96EQSplJ3h8D6rKfdCkQocINXlblc1Nsk",[2357,2358],{"title":550,"path":552,"stem":553,"description":550,"icon":551,"children":-1},{"title":561,"path":562,"stem":563,"description":2359,"icon":551,"children":-1},"在进行之后的讲解之前，容我现在此处插入一些“题外的”内容。",1784618130804]