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1",[970,1139,1140],{"class":980},"]};",[970,1142,1143],{"class":1060}," \u002F\u002F 分配新的空间，大小为两个长度相加\n",[970,1145,1147,1150,1153,1157,1159,1162,1165,1168,1171],{"class":972,"line":1146},6,[970,1148,1149],{"class":1041},"        std",[970,1151,1152],{"class":980},"::",[970,1154,1156],{"class":1155},"s2Zo4","strcpy",[970,1158,1076],{"class":980},[970,1160,1161],{"class":1109},"newstr",[970,1163,1164],{"class":980},",",[970,1166,1167],{"class":1109}," str",[970,1169,1170],{"class":980},");",[970,1172,1173],{"class":1060},"                \u002F\u002F 把 a 的字符串复制到新空间的前半段\n",[970,1175,1177,1179,1181,1183,1185,1188,1190,1193,1195,1197,1199,1202,1204],{"class":972,"line":1176},7,[970,1178,1149],{"class":1041},[970,1180,1152],{"class":980},[970,1182,1156],{"class":1155},[970,1184,1076],{"class":980},[970,1186,1187],{"class":1109},"newstr ",[970,1189,934],{"class":980},[970,1191,1192],{"class":1109}," len",[970,1194,1164],{"class":980},[970,1196,1088],{"class":976},[970,1198,1002],{"class":980},[970,1200,1201],{"class":976},"str",[970,1203,1170],{"class":980},[970,1205,1206],{"class":1060},"        \u002F\u002F 把 b 的字符串复制到新空间的后半段\n",[970,1208,1210,1213,1216,1218,1220,1222],{"class":972,"line":1209},8,[970,1211,1212],{"class":1109},"        String ",[970,1214,1215],{"class":1155},"result",[970,1217,1076],{"class":980},[970,1219,1161],{"class":1109},[970,1221,1170],{"class":980},[970,1223,1224],{"class":1060},"                   \u002F\u002F 从这个新空间建立新的 String 对象\n",[970,1226,1228,1231,1233,1236],{"class":972,"line":1227},9,[970,1229,1230],{"class":980},"        delete[]",[970,1232,1110],{"class":1109},[970,1234,1235],{"class":980},";",[970,1237,1238],{"class":1060},"       \u002F\u002F 现在可以删除新空间了（因为数据复制到 result 里去了）\n",[970,1240,1242,1246,1249,1251],{"class":972,"line":1241},10,[970,1243,1245],{"class":1244},"s7zQu","        return",[970,1247,1248],{"class":1109}," result",[970,1250,1235],{"class":980},[970,1252,1253],{"class":1060},"         \u002F\u002F 把 result 返回就可以\n",[970,1255,1257],{"class":972,"line":1256},11,[970,1258,1259],{"class":980},"    }\n",[970,1261,1263],{"class":972,"line":1262},12,[970,1264,1265],{"class":980},"};\n",[936,1267,1268],{},"这段代码相比之前要略微难理解一点。如果没有看懂，我建议你还是稍微多停留一会儿，争取搞明白它的工作原理。",[936,1270,1271],{},"然后就可以试一试：",[961,1273,1275],{"className":963,"code":1274,"language":965,"meta":966,"style":966},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nint main() {\n    String a(\"abc\");\n    String b(\"def\");\n    \u002F\u002F 下面调用了刚刚定义的 operator+\n    String c(a + b);\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C c.str \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\n",[919,1276,1277,1292,1305,1325,1342,1347,1364,1398],{"__ignoreMap":966},[970,1278,1279,1282,1285,1289],{"class":972,"line":973},[970,1280,1281],{"class":1244},"#include",[970,1283,1284],{"class":980}," \u003C",[970,1286,1288],{"class":1287},"sfazB","iostream",[970,1290,1291],{"class":980},">\n",[970,1293,1294,1297,1300,1303],{"class":972,"line":1048},[970,1295,1296],{"class":1037},"int",[970,1298,1299],{"class":1155}," main",[970,1301,1302],{"class":980},"()",[970,1304,1045],{"class":980},[970,1306,1307,1310,1312,1314,1317,1320,1322],{"class":972,"line":1057},[970,1308,1309],{"class":976},"    String ",[970,1311,989],{"class":1155},[970,1313,1076],{"class":980},[970,1315,1316],{"class":980},"\"",[970,1318,1319],{"class":1287},"abc",[970,1321,1316],{"class":980},[970,1323,1324],{"class":980},");\n",[970,1326,1327,1329,1331,1333,1335,1338,1340],{"class":972,"line":1064},[970,1328,1309],{"class":976},[970,1330,1011],{"class":1155},[970,1332,1076],{"class":980},[970,1334,1316],{"class":980},[970,1336,1337],{"class":1287},"def",[970,1339,1316],{"class":980},[970,1341,1324],{"class":980},[970,1343,1344],{"class":972,"line":1100},[970,1345,1346],{"class":1060},"    \u002F\u002F 下面调用了刚刚定义的 operator+\n",[970,1348,1349,1351,1354,1356,1358,1360,1362],{"class":972,"line":1146},[970,1350,1309],{"class":976},[970,1352,1353],{"class":1155},"c",[970,1355,1076],{"class":980},[970,1357,977],{"class":976},[970,1359,934],{"class":980},[970,1361,1088],{"class":976},[970,1363,1324],{"class":980},[970,1365,1366,1369,1371,1374,1377,1380,1382,1385,1387,1390,1392,1395],{"class":972,"line":1176},[970,1367,1368],{"class":1041},"    std",[970,1370,1152],{"class":980},[970,1372,1373],{"class":976},"cout ",[970,1375,1376],{"class":980},"\u003C\u003C",[970,1378,1379],{"class":976}," c",[970,1381,1002],{"class":980},[970,1383,1384],{"class":976},"str ",[970,1386,1376],{"class":980},[970,1388,1389],{"class":1041}," std",[970,1391,1152],{"class":980},[970,1393,1394],{"class":976},"endl",[970,1396,1397],{"class":980},";\n",[970,1399,1400],{"class":972,"line":1209},[970,1401,1402],{"class":980},"}\n",[936,1404,1405,1406,1409,1410,1412],{},"然后，就能成功输出 ",[919,1407,1408],{},"abcdef","。我们的 ",[919,1411,934],{}," 重载看上去很不错！",[1414,1415,1416],"blockquote",{},[936,1417,1418,1419,1421,1422,1424],{},"一个小细节：调用完 ",[919,1420,1023],{}," 之后，还可能会复制构造函数来构造 ",[919,1423,1353],{},"。说“可能会”的原因是，这里很可能会发生返回值优化从而避免复制开销。",[924,1426,927,1428,931,1430],{"id":1427},"为-string-重载-1",[919,1429,930],{},[919,1431,1432],{},"+=",[936,1434,1435,1436,1438,1439,1441,1442,1445,1446,1449,1450,1452,1453,1455,1456,1459,1460,1463,1464,1466],{},"下一步，我们尝试重载 ",[919,1437,1432],{}," 运算符。我们的目标很简单，就是比如当 ",[919,1440,989],{}," 为 ",[919,1443,1444],{},"\"abc\""," 时，执行 ",[919,1447,1448],{},"a += \"def\"","，然后 ",[919,1451,989],{}," 就变成了 ",[919,1454,955],{},"。那么怎么做呢？方法也很简单：为了实现 ",[919,1457,1458],{},"a += b","，只需要算出 ",[919,1461,1462],{},"a + b","，然后把这个结果赋值给 ",[919,1465,989],{}," 就可以了。所以代码就这样：",[961,1468,1470],{"className":963,"code":1469,"language":965,"meta":966,"style":966},"class String {\npublic:\n    \u002F\u002F [...]\n    void operator+=(const String& b) {\n        String result(operator+(b)); \u002F\u002F 直接调用 operator+ 成员函数\n        assign(result);              \u002F\u002F 调用 assign 成员把结果赋值给自己\n    }\n};\n",[919,1471,1472,1480,1486,1490,1513,1533,1547,1551],{"__ignoreMap":966},[970,1473,1474,1476,1478],{"class":972,"line":973},[970,1475,1038],{"class":1037},[970,1477,1042],{"class":1041},[970,1479,1045],{"class":980},[970,1481,1482,1484],{"class":972,"line":1048},[970,1483,1051],{"class":1037},[970,1485,1054],{"class":980},[970,1487,1488],{"class":972,"line":1057},[970,1489,1061],{"class":1060},[970,1491,1492,1495,1497,1499,1501,1503,1505,1507,1509,1511],{"class":972,"line":1064},[970,1493,1494],{"class":1037},"    void",[970,1496,1071],{"class":1070},[970,1498,1432],{"class":1041},[970,1500,1076],{"class":980},[970,1502,1079],{"class":1037},[970,1504,1042],{"class":1041},[970,1506,1084],{"class":1037},[970,1508,1088],{"class":1087},[970,1510,1091],{"class":980},[970,1512,1045],{"class":980},[970,1514,1515,1517,1519,1521,1523,1525,1527,1530],{"class":972,"line":1100},[970,1516,1212],{"class":1109},[970,1518,1215],{"class":1155},[970,1520,1076],{"class":980},[970,1522,1005],{"class":1109},[970,1524,1008],{"class":980},[970,1526,1011],{"class":1109},[970,1528,1529],{"class":980},"));",[970,1531,1532],{"class":1060}," \u002F\u002F 直接调用 operator+ 成员函数\n",[970,1534,1535,1538,1540,1542,1544],{"class":972,"line":1146},[970,1536,1537],{"class":1155},"        assign",[970,1539,1076],{"class":980},[970,1541,1215],{"class":1109},[970,1543,1170],{"class":980},[970,1545,1546],{"class":1060},"              \u002F\u002F 调用 assign 成员把结果赋值给自己\n",[970,1548,1549],{"class":972,"line":1176},[970,1550,1259],{"class":980},[970,1552,1553],{"class":972,"line":1209},[970,1554,1265],{"class":980},[936,1556,1557,1558,1560,1561,1563,1564,1566,1567,1570,1571,1573],{},"这里直接调用了成员函数 ",[919,1559,1023],{}," 来生成自己加上 ",[919,1562,1011],{}," 得到的结果是什么，存放在对象 ",[919,1565,1215],{}," 里。然后调用 ",[919,1568,1569],{},"assign"," 成员函数，把自己的值赋为 ",[919,1572,1215],{}," 就可以了。测试一下：",[961,1575,1577],{"className":963,"code":1576,"language":965,"meta":966,"style":966},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nint main() {\n    String a(\"abc\");\n    String b(\"def\");\n    a += b;\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\n",[919,1578,1579,1589,1599,1615,1631,1642,1665],{"__ignoreMap":966},[970,1580,1581,1583,1585,1587],{"class":972,"line":973},[970,1582,1281],{"class":1244},[970,1584,1284],{"class":980},[970,1586,1288],{"class":1287},[970,1588,1291],{"class":980},[970,1590,1591,1593,1595,1597],{"class":972,"line":1048},[970,1592,1296],{"class":1037},[970,1594,1299],{"class":1155},[970,1596,1302],{"class":980},[970,1598,1045],{"class":980},[970,1600,1601,1603,1605,1607,1609,1611,1613],{"class":972,"line":1057},[970,1602,1309],{"class":976},[970,1604,989],{"class":1155},[970,1606,1076],{"class":980},[970,1608,1316],{"class":980},[970,1610,1319],{"class":1287},[970,1612,1316],{"class":980},[970,1614,1324],{"class":980},[970,1616,1617,1619,1621,1623,1625,1627,1629],{"class":972,"line":1064},[970,1618,1309],{"class":976},[970,1620,1011],{"class":1155},[970,1622,1076],{"class":980},[970,1624,1316],{"class":980},[970,1626,1337],{"class":1287},[970,1628,1316],{"class":980},[970,1630,1324],{"class":980},[970,1632,1633,1636,1638,1640],{"class":972,"line":1100},[970,1634,1635],{"class":976},"    a ",[970,1637,1432],{"class":980},[970,1639,1088],{"class":976},[970,1641,1397],{"class":980},[970,1643,1644,1646,1648,1650,1652,1655,1657,1659,1661,1663],{"class":972,"line":1146},[970,1645,1368],{"class":1041},[970,1647,1152],{"class":980},[970,1649,1373],{"class":976},[970,1651,1376],{"class":980},[970,1653,1654],{"class":976}," a ",[970,1656,1376],{"class":980},[970,1658,1389],{"class":1041},[970,1660,1152],{"class":980},[970,1662,1394],{"class":976},[970,1664,1397],{"class":980},[970,1666,1667],{"class":972,"line":1176},[970,1668,1402],{"class":980},[936,1670,1671,1672,1674,1675,1677,1678,1681],{},"成功输出了 ",[919,1673,1408],{},"。但是这个其实还有一点小问题，就是对于“内置的”类型比如 ",[919,1676,1296],{},"，它的赋值运算符是",[989,1679,1680],{"href":162},"有结果的","。比如：",[961,1683,1685],{"className":963,"code":1684,"language":965,"meta":966,"style":966},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nint main() {\n    int a{12};\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C (a += 30) \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\n",[919,1686,1687,1697,1707,1723,1756],{"__ignoreMap":966},[970,1688,1689,1691,1693,1695],{"class":972,"line":973},[970,1690,1281],{"class":1244},[970,1692,1284],{"class":980},[970,1694,1288],{"class":1287},[970,1696,1291],{"class":980},[970,1698,1699,1701,1703,1705],{"class":972,"line":1048},[970,1700,1296],{"class":1037},[970,1702,1299],{"class":1155},[970,1704,1302],{"class":980},[970,1706,1045],{"class":980},[970,1708,1709,1712,1715,1718,1721],{"class":972,"line":1057},[970,1710,1711],{"class":1037},"    int",[970,1713,1714],{"class":976}," a",[970,1716,1717],{"class":980},"{",[970,1719,1720],{"class":1070},"12",[970,1722,1265],{"class":980},[970,1724,1725,1727,1729,1731,1733,1736,1738,1740,1743,1745,1748,1750,1752,1754],{"class":972,"line":1064},[970,1726,1368],{"class":1041},[970,1728,1152],{"class":980},[970,1730,1373],{"class":976},[970,1732,1376],{"class":980},[970,1734,1735],{"class":980}," (",[970,1737,977],{"class":976},[970,1739,1432],{"class":980},[970,1741,1742],{"class":1070}," 30",[970,1744,1091],{"class":980},[970,1746,1747],{"class":980}," \u003C\u003C",[970,1749,1389],{"class":1041},[970,1751,1152],{"class":980},[970,1753,1394],{"class":976},[970,1755,1397],{"class":980},[970,1757,1758],{"class":972,"line":1100},[970,1759,1402],{"class":980},[936,1761,1762,1763,1766,1767,1769],{},"是可以输出 ",[919,1764,1765],{},"42"," 的（也就是把运算后的 ",[919,1768,989],{}," 作为赋值运算的结果值）。但是我们的实现做不到：",[961,1771,1773],{"className":963,"code":1772,"language":965,"meta":966,"style":966},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nint main() {\n    String a(\"abc\"), b(\"def\");\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C (a += b).str \u003C\u003C std::endl; \u002F\u002F 错误：不许在表达式中运用 void 类型\n}\n",[919,1774,1775,1785,1795,1824,1860],{"__ignoreMap":966},[970,1776,1777,1779,1781,1783],{"class":972,"line":973},[970,1778,1281],{"class":1244},[970,1780,1284],{"class":980},[970,1782,1288],{"class":1287},[970,1784,1291],{"class":980},[970,1786,1787,1789,1791,1793],{"class":972,"line":1048},[970,1788,1296],{"class":1037},[970,1790,1299],{"class":1155},[970,1792,1302],{"class":980},[970,1794,1045],{"class":980},[970,1796,1797,1799,1801,1803,1805,1807,1809,1812,1814,1816,1818,1820,1822],{"class":972,"line":1057},[970,1798,1309],{"class":976},[970,1800,989],{"class":1155},[970,1802,1076],{"class":980},[970,1804,1316],{"class":980},[970,1806,1319],{"class":1287},[970,1808,1316],{"class":980},[970,1810,1811],{"class":980},"),",[970,1813,1088],{"class":1155},[970,1815,1076],{"class":980},[970,1817,1316],{"class":980},[970,1819,1337],{"class":1287},[970,1821,1316],{"class":980},[970,1823,1324],{"class":980},[970,1825,1826,1828,1830,1832,1834,1836,1838,1840,1842,1845,1847,1849,1851,1853,1855,1857],{"class":972,"line":1064},[970,1827,1368],{"class":1041},[970,1829,1152],{"class":980},[970,1831,1373],{"class":976},[970,1833,1376],{"class":980},[970,1835,1735],{"class":980},[970,1837,977],{"class":976},[970,1839,1432],{"class":980},[970,1841,1088],{"class":976},[970,1843,1844],{"class":980},").",[970,1846,1384],{"class":976},[970,1848,1376],{"class":980},[970,1850,1389],{"class":1041},[970,1852,1152],{"class":980},[970,1854,1394],{"class":976},[970,1856,1235],{"class":980},[970,1858,1859],{"class":1060}," \u002F\u002F 错误：不许在表达式中运用 void 类型\n",[970,1861,1862],{"class":972,"line":1100},[970,1863,1402],{"class":980},[936,1865,1866,1867,1869],{},"那有人说，简单，就把刚才 ",[919,1868,934],{}," 完之后的结果返回就好了：",[961,1871,1873],{"className":963,"code":1872,"language":965,"meta":966,"style":966},"class String {\npublic:\n    \u002F\u002F [...]\n    String operator+=(const String& b) {\n        String result(operator+(b));\n        assign(result);\n        return result;\n    }\n};\n",[919,1874,1875,1883,1889,1893,1915,1932,1942,1950,1954],{"__ignoreMap":966},[970,1876,1877,1879,1881],{"class":972,"line":973},[970,1878,1038],{"class":1037},[970,1880,1042],{"class":1041},[970,1882,1045],{"class":980},[970,1884,1885,1887],{"class":972,"line":1048},[970,1886,1051],{"class":1037},[970,1888,1054],{"class":980},[970,1890,1891],{"class":972,"line":1057},[970,1892,1061],{"class":1060},[970,1894,1895,1897,1899,1901,1903,1905,1907,1909,1911,1913],{"class":972,"line":1064},[970,1896,1067],{"class":1041},[970,1898,1071],{"class":1070},[970,1900,1432],{"class":1041},[970,1902,1076],{"class":980},[970,1904,1079],{"class":1037},[970,1906,1042],{"class":1041},[970,1908,1084],{"class":1037},[970,1910,1088],{"class":1087},[970,1912,1091],{"class":980},[970,1914,1045],{"class":980},[970,1916,1917,1919,1921,1923,1925,1927,1929],{"class":972,"line":1100},[970,1918,1212],{"class":1109},[970,1920,1215],{"class":1155},[970,1922,1076],{"class":980},[970,1924,1005],{"class":1109},[970,1926,1008],{"class":980},[970,1928,1011],{"class":1109},[970,1930,1931],{"class":980},"));\n",[970,1933,1934,1936,1938,1940],{"class":972,"line":1146},[970,1935,1537],{"class":1155},[970,1937,1076],{"class":980},[970,1939,1215],{"class":1109},[970,1941,1324],{"class":980},[970,1943,1944,1946,1948],{"class":972,"line":1176},[970,1945,1245],{"class":1244},[970,1947,1248],{"class":1109},[970,1949,1397],{"class":980},[970,1951,1952],{"class":972,"line":1209},[970,1953,1259],{"class":980},[970,1955,1956],{"class":972,"line":1227},[970,1957,1265],{"class":980},[936,1959,1960],{},"但这样其实还不对。因为“内置”的赋值运算是可以“连起来的”，但我们这个做不到。",[961,1962,1964],{"className":963,"code":1963,"language":965,"meta":966,"style":966},"int main() {\n    \u002F\u002F 内置类型的表现\n    int p{1};\n    (p += 2) += 3;               \u002F\u002F 相当于 a += 2; a += 3;\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C p \u003C\u003C std::endl; \u002F\u002F a 当前的值为 6 = 1 + 2 + 3\n    \u002F\u002F 接下来试试我们的\n    String a(\"abc\"), b(\"def\");\n    (a += b) += b;                   \u002F\u002F 这句不会报错，但……\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C a.str \u003C\u003C std::endl; \u002F\u002F 输出为 \"abcdef\" 而非 \"abcdefdef\"\n}\n",[919,1965,1966,1976,1981,1995,2021,2047,2052,2080,2101,2130],{"__ignoreMap":966},[970,1967,1968,1970,1972,1974],{"class":972,"line":973},[970,1969,1296],{"class":1037},[970,1971,1299],{"class":1155},[970,1973,1302],{"class":980},[970,1975,1045],{"class":980},[970,1977,1978],{"class":972,"line":1048},[970,1979,1980],{"class":1060},"    \u002F\u002F 内置类型的表现\n",[970,1982,1983,1985,1988,1990,1993],{"class":972,"line":1057},[970,1984,1711],{"class":1037},[970,1986,1987],{"class":976}," p",[970,1989,1717],{"class":980},[970,1991,1992],{"class":1070},"1",[970,1994,1265],{"class":980},[970,1996,1997,2000,2003,2005,2008,2010,2013,2016,2018],{"class":972,"line":1064},[970,1998,1999],{"class":980},"    (",[970,2001,2002],{"class":976},"p ",[970,2004,1432],{"class":980},[970,2006,2007],{"class":1070}," 2",[970,2009,1091],{"class":980},[970,2011,2012],{"class":980}," +=",[970,2014,2015],{"class":1070}," 3",[970,2017,1235],{"class":980},[970,2019,2020],{"class":1060},"               \u002F\u002F 相当于 a += 2; a += 3;\n",[970,2022,2023,2025,2027,2029,2031,2034,2036,2038,2040,2042,2044],{"class":972,"line":1100},[970,2024,1368],{"class":1041},[970,2026,1152],{"class":980},[970,2028,1373],{"class":976},[970,2030,1376],{"class":980},[970,2032,2033],{"class":976}," p ",[970,2035,1376],{"class":980},[970,2037,1389],{"class":1041},[970,2039,1152],{"class":980},[970,2041,1394],{"class":976},[970,2043,1235],{"class":980},[970,2045,2046],{"class":1060}," \u002F\u002F a 当前的值为 6 = 1 + 2 + 3\n",[970,2048,2049],{"class":972,"line":1146},[970,2050,2051],{"class":1060},"    \u002F\u002F 接下来试试我们的\n",[970,2053,2054,2056,2058,2060,2062,2064,2066,2068,2070,2072,2074,2076,2078],{"class":972,"line":1176},[970,2055,1309],{"class":976},[970,2057,989],{"class":1155},[970,2059,1076],{"class":980},[970,2061,1316],{"class":980},[970,2063,1319],{"class":1287},[970,2065,1316],{"class":980},[970,2067,1811],{"class":980},[970,2069,1088],{"class":1155},[970,2071,1076],{"class":980},[970,2073,1316],{"class":980},[970,2075,1337],{"class":1287},[970,2077,1316],{"class":980},[970,2079,1324],{"class":980},[970,2081,2082,2084,2086,2088,2090,2092,2094,2096,2098],{"class":972,"line":1209},[970,2083,1999],{"class":980},[970,2085,977],{"class":976},[970,2087,1432],{"class":980},[970,2089,1088],{"class":976},[970,2091,1091],{"class":980},[970,2093,2012],{"class":980},[970,2095,1088],{"class":976},[970,2097,1235],{"class":980},[970,2099,2100],{"class":1060},"                   \u002F\u002F 这句不会报错，但……\n",[970,2102,2103,2105,2107,2109,2111,2113,2115,2117,2119,2121,2123,2125,2127],{"class":972,"line":1227},[970,2104,1368],{"class":1041},[970,2106,1152],{"class":980},[970,2108,1373],{"class":976},[970,2110,1376],{"class":980},[970,2112,1714],{"class":976},[970,2114,1002],{"class":980},[970,2116,1384],{"class":976},[970,2118,1376],{"class":980},[970,2120,1389],{"class":1041},[970,2122,1152],{"class":980},[970,2124,1394],{"class":976},[970,2126,1235],{"class":980},[970,2128,2129],{"class":1060}," \u002F\u002F 输出为 \"abcdef\" 而非 \"abcdefdef\"\n",[970,2131,2132],{"class":972,"line":1241},[970,2133,1402],{"class":980},[936,2135,2136,2137,2140,2141,2143,2144,2146,2147,2150,2151,2153,2154,2156,2157,2159,2160,2162,2163,2165],{},"为什么连着两次赋值第二次就不行呢？请注意 ",[919,2138,2139],{},"operator+="," 的返回值：它返回了一个 ",[919,2142,930],{}," 类型对象……但请思考一下，这个对象和 ",[919,2145,989],{}," 有关系吗？没有关系。也就是说，",[919,2148,2149],{},"(a += b)"," 这个表达式确实得到了一个 ",[919,2152,930],{}," 对象，但它和 ",[919,2155,989],{}," 本身是没有任何联系的。那么，接下来对 ",[919,2158,2149],{}," 在做 ",[919,2161,1432],{}," 运算，实际上是对这个孤零零的对象做赋值运算，这一次赋值并没有反映到 ",[919,2164,989],{}," 上。",[936,2167,2168,2169,2171,2172,2174,2175,2177],{},"所以我们的目标就是，让第二次赋值的操作对象是 ",[919,2170,989],{}," 而不是一个临时的对象。那么方法就是：让 ",[919,2173,1432],{}," 返回绑定到 ",[919,2176,989],{}," 的引用。",[961,2179,2181],{"className":963,"code":2180,"language":965,"meta":966,"style":966},"class String {\npublic:\n    String& operator+=(const String& b) { \u002F\u002F 注意返回值类型\n        \u002F\u002F [...] 反正最终返回了绑定到 a 的引用（但我们还不知道怎么写）\n    }\n};\n",[919,2182,2183,2191,2197,2224,2229,2233],{"__ignoreMap":966},[970,2184,2185,2187,2189],{"class":972,"line":973},[970,2186,1038],{"class":1037},[970,2188,1042],{"class":1041},[970,2190,1045],{"class":980},[970,2192,2193,2195],{"class":972,"line":1048},[970,2194,1051],{"class":1037},[970,2196,1054],{"class":980},[970,2198,2199,2201,2203,2205,2207,2209,2211,2213,2215,2217,2219,2221],{"class":972,"line":1057},[970,2200,1067],{"class":1041},[970,2202,1084],{"class":1037},[970,2204,1071],{"class":1070},[970,2206,1432],{"class":1041},[970,2208,1076],{"class":980},[970,2210,1079],{"class":1037},[970,2212,1042],{"class":1041},[970,2214,1084],{"class":1037},[970,2216,1088],{"class":1087},[970,2218,1091],{"class":980},[970,2220,1094],{"class":980},[970,2222,2223],{"class":1060}," \u002F\u002F 注意返回值类型\n",[970,2225,2226],{"class":972,"line":1064},[970,2227,2228],{"class":1060},"        \u002F\u002F [...] 反正最终返回了绑定到 a 的引用（但我们还不知道怎么写）\n",[970,2230,2231],{"class":972,"line":1100},[970,2232,1259],{"class":980},[970,2234,2235],{"class":972,"line":1146},[970,2236,1265],{"class":980},[936,2238,2239,2240,2242,2243,2245,2246,2248,2249,2251,2252,2254,2255,2251,2257,2259],{},"然后，再来看 ",[919,2241,2149],{}," 是什么？回顾引用一词的含义，其实 ",[919,2244,2149],{}," 是 ",[919,2247,989],{}," 的别名。所以，此时再对 ",[919,2250,2149],{}," 做 ",[919,2253,1432],{}," 操作，就相当于对 ",[919,2256,989],{},[919,2258,1432],{}," 操作。那么我们的目标就实现了。",[936,2261,2262,2263,2265,2266,2268,2269,2271,2272,2275,2276,2279,2280,2282,2283,2287],{},"最后一个问题：怎么返回绑定到 ",[919,2264,989],{}," 的引用？这里就需要引入 ",[919,2267,921],{}," 关键字了。",[919,2270,921],{}," 是在成员函数中可以用到的一个特殊变量名，在这里它是 ",[919,2273,2274],{},"T*"," 类型的，其中 ",[919,2277,2278],{},"T"," 是这个成员函数所归属的类型；作为一个指针，",[919,2281,921],{}," 总是",[2284,2285,2286],"strong",{},"指向调用这个函数的那个对象","。说来抽象，请看例子：",[961,2289,2291],{"className":963,"code":2290,"language":965,"meta":966,"style":966},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nstruct A {\n    int data;\n    \u002F\u002F 这个函数打印出 this 的值\n    void printThis() {\n        void* p{this};  \u002F\u002F 实际上，this 在这里是 A* 类型的\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C p \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n    }\n};\nint main() {\n    A a, b;\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C &a \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n    a.printThis();\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C &b \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n    b.printThis();\n}\n",[919,2292,2293,2303,2313,2322,2327,2338,2353,2375,2379,2383,2393,2404,2429,2443,2469,2481],{"__ignoreMap":966},[970,2294,2295,2297,2299,2301],{"class":972,"line":973},[970,2296,1281],{"class":1244},[970,2298,1284],{"class":980},[970,2300,1288],{"class":1287},[970,2302,1291],{"class":980},[970,2304,2305,2308,2311],{"class":972,"line":1048},[970,2306,2307],{"class":1037},"struct",[970,2309,2310],{"class":1041}," A",[970,2312,1045],{"class":980},[970,2314,2315,2317,2320],{"class":972,"line":1057},[970,2316,1711],{"class":1037},[970,2318,2319],{"class":1109}," data",[970,2321,1397],{"class":980},[970,2323,2324],{"class":972,"line":1064},[970,2325,2326],{"class":1060},"    \u002F\u002F 这个函数打印出 this 的值\n",[970,2328,2329,2331,2334,2336],{"class":972,"line":1100},[970,2330,1494],{"class":1037},[970,2332,2333],{"class":1155}," printThis",[970,2335,1302],{"class":980},[970,2337,1045],{"class":980},[970,2339,2340,2343,2345,2347,2350],{"class":972,"line":1146},[970,2341,2342],{"class":1037},"        void",[970,2344,1106],{"class":980},[970,2346,1987],{"class":1109},[970,2348,2349],{"class":980},"{this};",[970,2351,2352],{"class":1060},"  \u002F\u002F 实际上，this 在这里是 A* 类型的\n",[970,2354,2355,2357,2359,2361,2363,2365,2367,2369,2371,2373],{"class":972,"line":1176},[970,2356,1149],{"class":1041},[970,2358,1152],{"class":980},[970,2360,1373],{"class":1109},[970,2362,1376],{"class":980},[970,2364,2033],{"class":1109},[970,2366,1376],{"class":980},[970,2368,1389],{"class":1041},[970,2370,1152],{"class":980},[970,2372,1394],{"class":1109},[970,2374,1397],{"class":980},[970,2376,2377],{"class":972,"line":1209},[970,2378,1259],{"class":980},[970,2380,2381],{"class":972,"line":1227},[970,2382,1265],{"class":980},[970,2384,2385,2387,2389,2391],{"class":972,"line":1241},[970,2386,1296],{"class":1037},[970,2388,1299],{"class":1155},[970,2390,1302],{"class":980},[970,2392,1045],{"class":980},[970,2394,2395,2398,2400,2402],{"class":972,"line":1256},[970,2396,2397],{"class":976},"    A a",[970,2399,1164],{"class":980},[970,2401,1088],{"class":976},[970,2403,1397],{"class":980},[970,2405,2406,2408,2410,2412,2414,2417,2419,2421,2423,2425,2427],{"class":972,"line":1262},[970,2407,1368],{"class":1041},[970,2409,1152],{"class":980},[970,2411,1373],{"class":976},[970,2413,1376],{"class":980},[970,2415,2416],{"class":980}," &",[970,2418,977],{"class":976},[970,2420,1376],{"class":980},[970,2422,1389],{"class":1041},[970,2424,1152],{"class":980},[970,2426,1394],{"class":976},[970,2428,1397],{"class":980},[970,2430,2432,2435,2437,2440],{"class":972,"line":2431},13,[970,2433,2434],{"class":976},"    a",[970,2436,1002],{"class":980},[970,2438,2439],{"class":1155},"printThis",[970,2441,2442],{"class":980},"();\n",[970,2444,2446,2448,2450,2452,2454,2456,2459,2461,2463,2465,2467],{"class":972,"line":2445},14,[970,2447,1368],{"class":1041},[970,2449,1152],{"class":980},[970,2451,1373],{"class":976},[970,2453,1376],{"class":980},[970,2455,2416],{"class":980},[970,2457,2458],{"class":976},"b ",[970,2460,1376],{"class":980},[970,2462,1389],{"class":1041},[970,2464,1152],{"class":980},[970,2466,1394],{"class":976},[970,2468,1397],{"class":980},[970,2470,2472,2475,2477,2479],{"class":972,"line":2471},15,[970,2473,2474],{"class":976},"    b",[970,2476,1002],{"class":980},[970,2478,2439],{"class":1155},[970,2480,2442],{"class":980},[970,2482,2484],{"class":972,"line":2483},16,[970,2485,1402],{"class":980},[936,2487,2488],{},"比如它输出",[2490,2491,2492],"io-block",{},[936,2493,2494],{},"0x61fe1c\n0x61fe1c\n0x61fe18\n0x61fe18",[936,2496,2497,2498,2500,2501,2503,2504,2506,2507,2510,2511,2500,2513,2503,2515,2506,2517,2520,2521,2523],{},"那么很显然，当 ",[919,2499,989],{}," 调用 ",[919,2502,2439],{}," 时，打印出的就是 ",[919,2505,989],{}," 的地址 ",[919,2508,2509],{},"&a","；当 ",[919,2512,1011],{},[919,2514,2439],{},[919,2516,1011],{},[919,2518,2519],{},"&b","。所以基于此，我们就可以构造绑定到 ",[919,2522,989],{}," 的引用：",[961,2525,2527],{"className":963,"code":2526,"language":965,"meta":966,"style":966},"class String {\npublic:\n    \u002F\u002F [...]\n    String& operator+=(const String& b) {\n        String result(operator+(b)); \u002F\u002F\n        assign(result);\n        \u002F\u002F 这里，this 指向的就是调用 `operator+=` 的调用者 a ，而 *this 就是 a 本身了\n        return *this;\n    }\n};\n",[919,2528,2529,2537,2543,2547,2571,2590,2600,2605,2612,2616],{"__ignoreMap":966},[970,2530,2531,2533,2535],{"class":972,"line":973},[970,2532,1038],{"class":1037},[970,2534,1042],{"class":1041},[970,2536,1045],{"class":980},[970,2538,2539,2541],{"class":972,"line":1048},[970,2540,1051],{"class":1037},[970,2542,1054],{"class":980},[970,2544,2545],{"class":972,"line":1057},[970,2546,1061],{"class":1060},[970,2548,2549,2551,2553,2555,2557,2559,2561,2563,2565,2567,2569],{"class":972,"line":1064},[970,2550,1067],{"class":1041},[970,2552,1084],{"class":1037},[970,2554,1071],{"class":1070},[970,2556,1432],{"class":1041},[970,2558,1076],{"class":980},[970,2560,1079],{"class":1037},[970,2562,1042],{"class":1041},[970,2564,1084],{"class":1037},[970,2566,1088],{"class":1087},[970,2568,1091],{"class":980},[970,2570,1045],{"class":980},[970,2572,2573,2575,2577,2579,2581,2583,2585,2587],{"class":972,"line":1100},[970,2574,1212],{"class":1109},[970,2576,1215],{"class":1155},[970,2578,1076],{"class":980},[970,2580,1005],{"class":1109},[970,2582,1008],{"class":980},[970,2584,1011],{"class":1109},[970,2586,1529],{"class":980},[970,2588,2589],{"class":1060}," \u002F\u002F\n",[970,2591,2592,2594,2596,2598],{"class":972,"line":1146},[970,2593,1537],{"class":1155},[970,2595,1076],{"class":980},[970,2597,1215],{"class":1109},[970,2599,1324],{"class":980},[970,2601,2602],{"class":972,"line":1176},[970,2603,2604],{"class":1060},"        \u002F\u002F 这里，this 指向的就是调用 `operator+=` 的调用者 a ，而 *this 就是 a 本身了\n",[970,2606,2607,2609],{"class":972,"line":1209},[970,2608,1245],{"class":1244},[970,2610,2611],{"class":980}," *this;\n",[970,2613,2614],{"class":972,"line":1227},[970,2615,1259],{"class":980},[970,2617,2618],{"class":972,"line":1241},[970,2619,1265],{"class":980},[936,2621,2622,2623,2626],{},"也就是 ",[919,2624,2625],{},"*this","。接下来再试试之前的代码，相信你就能得出正确的结果了。",[1414,2628,2629],{},[936,2630,2631,2632,2634,2635,2245,2637,2640,2641,2643,2644,2646,2647,2650,2651,2654],{},"在",[989,2633,478],{"href":479},"中，",[919,2636,921],{},[919,2638,2639],{},"const T*"," 类型的。严格来讲，",[919,2642,921],{}," 应当具有顶层只读限定（即不可以更改 ",[919,2645,921],{}," 的指向，其类型为 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