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所指向的内存\n}\n",[922,1121,1122,1132,1146],{"__ignoreMap":956},[960,1123,1124,1126,1128,1130],{"class":962,"line":963},[960,1125,1112],{"class":974},[960,1127,924],{"class":970},[960,1129,975],{"class":974},[960,1131,978],{"class":974},[960,1133,1134,1137,1140,1143],{"class":962,"line":981},[960,1135,1136],{"class":974},"    delete[]",[960,1138,1139],{"class":1044}," str",[960,1141,1142],{"class":974},";",[960,1144,1145],{"class":1005}," \u002F\u002F 释放 str 所指向的内存\n",[960,1147,1148],{"class":962,"line":1009},[960,1149,1150],{"class":974},"}\n",[918,1152,1153,1154,1157,1158,1160],{},"即可。一般地，析构函数都是用于 ",[922,1155,1156],{},"delete"," 构造函数中 ",[922,1159,938],{}," 出来的内存。",[1162,1163,1164],"blockquote",{},[918,1165,1166],{},"执行析构序列（即调用析构函数和成员的析构函数）是生存期（Lifetime）结尾而非存储期（Storage duration）结尾发生的。但对象的生存期和存储期总是一致的，这里便不再区分。",[918,1168,1169,1170,1173,1174,1177,1178,1181],{},"当未声明析构函数时，",[1091,1171,1172],{},"编译器会生成预置析构函数","——一个什么都不做的一个函数。所以你也可以对析构函数使用 ",[922,1175,1176],{},"=default"," 和 ",[922,1179,1180],{},"=delete","，但这并没什么意义。",[927,1183,1185,1186,1189],{"id":1184},"公开私有class-关键字","公开、私有、",[922,1187,1188],{},"class"," 关键字",[918,1191,1192,1193,1195,1196,1199],{},"在本章的最后，我们介绍 ",[922,1194,1188],{}," 关键字。它本质上和 ",[922,1197,1198],{},"struct"," 关键字是完全一样的，所以我们直接做一个替换先：",[951,1201,1203],{"className":953,"code":1202,"language":955,"meta":956,"style":956},"class String {\n    \u002F\u002F [...]\n};\n",[922,1204,1205,1215,1220],{"__ignoreMap":956},[960,1206,1207,1209,1213],{"class":962,"line":963},[960,1208,1188],{"class":966},[960,1210,1212],{"class":1211},"sBMFI"," String",[960,1214,978],{"class":974},[960,1216,1217],{"class":962,"line":981},[960,1218,1219],{"class":1005},"    \u002F\u002F [...]\n",[960,1221,1222],{"class":962,"line":1009},[960,1223,1224],{"class":974},"};\n",[918,1226,1227,1228,1177,1230,1232,1233,1235,1236,1238],{},"当然 ",[922,1229,1188],{},[922,1231,1198],{}," 肯定还是有区别的。其中一个区别就是，",[922,1234,1198],{}," 的成员默认是公开的，而 ",[922,1237,1188],{}," 的成员默认是私有的。举个例子：",[951,1240,1242],{"className":953,"code":1241,"language":955,"meta":956,"style":956},"struct A {\n    int data; \u002F\u002F 这是公开成员\n};\nclass B {\n    int data; \u002F\u002F 这是私有成员\n};\nint main() {\n    A a;\n    a.data; \u002F\u002F OK，公开成员可以用\n    B b;\n\u002F\u002F  b.data; \u002F\u002F 编译错误，data 成员不可访问\n}\n",[922,1243,1244,1253,1266,1270,1279,1290,1294,1304,1313,1329,1337,1346],{"__ignoreMap":956},[960,1245,1246,1248,1251],{"class":962,"line":963},[960,1247,1198],{"class":966},[960,1249,1250],{"class":1211}," A",[960,1252,978],{"class":974},[960,1254,1255,1258,1261,1263],{"class":962,"line":981},[960,1256,1257],{"class":966},"    int",[960,1259,1260],{"class":1044}," data",[960,1262,1142],{"class":974},[960,1264,1265],{"class":1005}," \u002F\u002F 这是公开成员\n",[960,1267,1268],{"class":962,"line":1009},[960,1269,1224],{"class":974},[960,1271,1272,1274,1277],{"class":962,"line":1041},[960,1273,1188],{"class":966},[960,1275,1276],{"class":1211}," B",[960,1278,978],{"class":974},[960,1280,1281,1283,1285,1287],{"class":962,"line":1060},[960,1282,1257],{"class":966},[960,1284,1260],{"class":1044},[960,1286,1142],{"class":974},[960,1288,1289],{"class":1005}," \u002F\u002F 这是私有成员\n",[960,1291,1292],{"class":962,"line":1066},[960,1293,1224],{"class":974},[960,1295,1296,1298,1300,1302],{"class":962,"line":1075},[960,1297,967],{"class":966},[960,1299,971],{"class":970},[960,1301,975],{"class":974},[960,1303,978],{"class":974},[960,1305,1307,1310],{"class":962,"line":1306},8,[960,1308,1309],{"class":984},"    A a",[960,1311,1312],{"class":974},";\n",[960,1314,1316,1319,1321,1324,1326],{"class":962,"line":1315},9,[960,1317,1318],{"class":984},"    a",[960,1320,1021],{"class":974},[960,1322,1323],{"class":984},"data",[960,1325,1142],{"class":974},[960,1327,1328],{"class":1005}," \u002F\u002F OK，公开成员可以用\n",[960,1330,1332,1335],{"class":962,"line":1331},10,[960,1333,1334],{"class":984},"    B b",[960,1336,1312],{"class":974},[960,1338,1340,1343],{"class":962,"line":1339},11,[960,1341,1342],{"class":1005},"\u002F\u002F  b.data;",[960,1344,1345],{"class":1005}," \u002F\u002F 编译错误，data 成员不可访问\n",[960,1347,1349],{"class":962,"line":1348},12,[960,1350,1150],{"class":974},[1352,1353],"h6",{"id":1354},"idx_公开成员",[1352,1356],{"id":1357},"idx_私有成员",[918,1359,1360],{},"上面的例子表明：公开成员（Public member）指结构体中外界可以访问的成员，私有成员（Private member）指结构体中外界不可以访问的成员，但可以在结构体内部访问（比如成员函数中）。",[951,1362,1364],{"className":953,"code":1363,"language":955,"meta":956,"style":956},"class B {\n    int data; \u002F\u002F 私有成员\n    void f() {\n        data = 42; \u002F\u002F 结构体内部可以访问\n    }\n};\nint main() {\n    B b;\n\u002F\u002F  b.data; \u002F\u002F 一旦出了结构体，就不能访问了\n}\n",[922,1365,1366,1374,1385,1397,1413,1418,1422,1432,1438,1445],{"__ignoreMap":956},[960,1367,1368,1370,1372],{"class":962,"line":963},[960,1369,1188],{"class":966},[960,1371,1276],{"class":1211},[960,1373,978],{"class":974},[960,1375,1376,1378,1380,1382],{"class":962,"line":981},[960,1377,1257],{"class":966},[960,1379,1260],{"class":1044},[960,1381,1142],{"class":974},[960,1383,1384],{"class":1005}," \u002F\u002F 私有成员\n",[960,1386,1387,1390,1393,1395],{"class":962,"line":1009},[960,1388,1389],{"class":966},"    void",[960,1391,1392],{"class":970}," f",[960,1394,975],{"class":974},[960,1396,978],{"class":974},[960,1398,1399,1402,1405,1408,1410],{"class":962,"line":1041},[960,1400,1401],{"class":1044},"        data ",[960,1403,1404],{"class":974},"=",[960,1406,1407],{"class":1032}," 42",[960,1409,1142],{"class":974},[960,1411,1412],{"class":1005}," \u002F\u002F 结构体内部可以访问\n",[960,1414,1415],{"class":962,"line":1060},[960,1416,1417],{"class":974},"    }\n",[960,1419,1420],{"class":962,"line":1066},[960,1421,1224],{"class":974},[960,1423,1424,1426,1428,1430],{"class":962,"line":1075},[960,1425,967],{"class":966},[960,1427,971],{"class":970},[960,1429,975],{"class":974},[960,1431,978],{"class":974},[960,1433,1434,1436],{"class":962,"line":1306},[960,1435,1334],{"class":984},[960,1437,1312],{"class":974},[960,1439,1440,1442],{"class":962,"line":1315},[960,1441,1342],{"class":1005},[960,1443,1444],{"class":1005}," \u002F\u002F 一旦出了结构体，就不能访问了\n",[960,1446,1447],{"class":962,"line":1331},[960,1448,1150],{"class":974},[918,1450,1451,1452,1454,1455,1458],{},"在 ",[922,1453,1198],{}," 中，用 ",[922,1456,1457],{},"private:"," 来指示接下来的成员都是私有的：",[951,1460,1462],{"className":953,"code":1461,"language":955,"meta":956,"style":956},"struct A {\n    int a; \u002F\u002F 公开成员\n    int b; \u002F\u002F 公开成员\nprivate: \u002F\u002F 接下来开始都是私有的\n    int c; \u002F\u002F 私有成员\n    int d; \u002F\u002F 私有成员\n};\n",[922,1463,1464,1472,1484,1495,1506,1517,1528],{"__ignoreMap":956},[960,1465,1466,1468,1470],{"class":962,"line":963},[960,1467,1198],{"class":966},[960,1469,1250],{"class":1211},[960,1471,978],{"class":974},[960,1473,1474,1476,1479,1481],{"class":962,"line":981},[960,1475,1257],{"class":966},[960,1477,1478],{"class":1044}," a",[960,1480,1142],{"class":974},[960,1482,1483],{"class":1005}," \u002F\u002F 公开成员\n",[960,1485,1486,1488,1491,1493],{"class":962,"line":1009},[960,1487,1257],{"class":966},[960,1489,1490],{"class":1044}," b",[960,1492,1142],{"class":974},[960,1494,1483],{"class":1005},[960,1496,1497,1500,1503],{"class":962,"line":1041},[960,1498,1499],{"class":966},"private",[960,1501,1502],{"class":974},":",[960,1504,1505],{"class":1005}," \u002F\u002F 接下来开始都是私有的\n",[960,1507,1508,1510,1513,1515],{"class":962,"line":1060},[960,1509,1257],{"class":966},[960,1511,1512],{"class":1044}," c",[960,1514,1142],{"class":974},[960,1516,1384],{"class":1005},[960,1518,1519,1521,1524,1526],{"class":962,"line":1066},[960,1520,1257],{"class":966},[960,1522,1523],{"class":1044}," d",[960,1525,1142],{"class":974},[960,1527,1384],{"class":1005},[960,1529,1530],{"class":962,"line":1075},[960,1531,1224],{"class":974},[918,1533,1534,1535,1454,1537,1540],{},"而在 ",[922,1536,1188],{},[922,1538,1539],{},"public:"," 指示接下来的成员都是公开的：",[951,1542,1544],{"className":953,"code":1543,"language":955,"meta":956,"style":956},"class B {\n    int a; \u002F\u002F 私有成员\n    int b; \u002F\u002F 私有成员\npublic:\n    int c; \u002F\u002F 公开成员\n    int d; \u002F\u002F 公开成员\n};\n",[922,1545,1546,1554,1564,1574,1582,1592,1602],{"__ignoreMap":956},[960,1547,1548,1550,1552],{"class":962,"line":963},[960,1549,1188],{"class":966},[960,1551,1276],{"class":1211},[960,1553,978],{"class":974},[960,1555,1556,1558,1560,1562],{"class":962,"line":981},[960,1557,1257],{"class":966},[960,1559,1478],{"class":1044},[960,1561,1142],{"class":974},[960,1563,1384],{"class":1005},[960,1565,1566,1568,1570,1572],{"class":962,"line":1009},[960,1567,1257],{"class":966},[960,1569,1490],{"class":1044},[960,1571,1142],{"class":974},[960,1573,1384],{"class":1005},[960,1575,1576,1579],{"class":962,"line":1041},[960,1577,1578],{"class":966},"public",[960,1580,1581],{"class":974},":\n",[960,1583,1584,1586,1588,1590],{"class":962,"line":1060},[960,1585,1257],{"class":966},[960,1587,1512],{"class":1044},[960,1589,1142],{"class":974},[960,1591,1483],{"class":1005},[960,1593,1594,1596,1598,1600],{"class":962,"line":1066},[960,1595,1257],{"class":966},[960,1597,1523],{"class":1044},[960,1599,1142],{"class":974},[960,1601,1483],{"class":1005},[960,1603,1604],{"class":962,"line":1075},[960,1605,1224],{"class":974},[918,1607,1608,1177,1610,1612,1613,1617,1618,1177,1620,1622,1623,1177,1625,1627,1628,1630],{},[922,1609,1539],{},[922,1611,1457],{}," 是三个",[1614,1615,1616],"em",{},"访问说明符","中的两个，它们事实上可以随意地在 ",[922,1619,1198],{},[922,1621,1188],{}," 的成员列表中插入；而 ",[922,1624,1198],{},[922,1626,1188],{}," 在访问性上的区别仅仅作用于成员列表开头的那几个成员。下一节的总结中，你将看到使用这些访问说明符后的 ",[922,1629,924],{}," 结构体。",[918,1632,1633,1634,1637,1638,1641],{},"最后的最后，我们将用词换一下：称运用了面向对象思想的结构体为",[1091,1635,1636],{},"类","（Class），称这样结构体的变量为",[1091,1639,1640],{},"对象","（Object）。",[1643,1644,1645],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki .spNyl{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .s2Zo4, html code.shiki .s2Zo4{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#82AAFF;--shiki-dark:#82AAFF}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .sTEyZ, html code.shiki .sTEyZ{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-dark:#BABED8}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html pre.shiki code .sHwdD, html code.shiki .sHwdD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#546E7A;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#676E95;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s7zQu, html code.shiki .s7zQu{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sbssI, html code.shiki .sbssI{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#F78C6C;--shiki-dark:#F78C6C}html pre.shiki code .swJcz, html code.shiki .swJcz{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#F07178;--shiki-dark:#F07178}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki .sBMFI{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}",{"title":956,"searchDepth":963,"depth":981,"links":1647},[1648,1649],{"id":929,"depth":981,"text":929},{"id":1184,"depth":981,"text":1650},"公开、私有、class 关键字","在结束本章之前，我们还需要学一些很简单的小知识。","md",null,{},{"icon":416},{"title":439,"description":1651},"2DeqpmSmY_ZJ1gHI1mAcmZK4hIhcb-4DTHZ59h6nmYU",[1659,1660],{"title":435,"path":436,"stem":437,"description":435,"icon":416,"children":-1},{"title":443,"path":444,"stem":445,"description":1661,"icon":416,"children":-1},"我们先把面向对象的话题放在一边，来看一看 C++ 的重载（Overload）机制。",1784618097853]