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i",[944,1040,1041],{"class":957},"{",[944,1043,1044],{"class":961},"0",[944,1046,977],{"class":957},[944,1048,1050,1054,1057,1059,1061,1064,1067,1070,1073,1076,1079,1081],{"class":946,"line":1049},3,[944,1051,1053],{"class":1052},"s7zQu","    while",[944,1055,1056],{"class":957}," (",[944,1058,983],{"class":953},[944,1060,958],{"class":957},[944,1062,1063],{"class":953},"i",[944,1065,1066],{"class":957},"]",[944,1068,1069],{"class":957}," !=",[944,1071,1072],{"class":957}," '",[944,1074,1075],{"class":953},"\\0",[944,1077,1078],{"class":957},"'",[944,1080,1022],{"class":957},[944,1082,1083],{"class":957}," {\n",[944,1085,1087,1091],{"class":946,"line":1086},4,[944,1088,1090],{"class":1089},"swJcz","        i",[944,1092,1093],{"class":957},"++;\n",[944,1095,1097],{"class":946,"line":1096},5,[944,1098,1099],{"class":957},"    }\n",[944,1101,1103,1106,1108],{"class":946,"line":1102},6,[944,1104,1105],{"class":1052},"    return",[944,1107,1038],{"class":953},[944,1109,1110],{"class":957},";\n",[944,1112,1114],{"class":946,"line":1113},7,[944,1115,1116],{"class":957},"}\n",[919,1118,1119],{},"然后，就可以：",[935,1121,1123],{"className":937,"code":1122,"language":939,"meta":940,"style":940},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Ccstring>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    char str[30]{\"Hello\"};\n    cout \u003C\u003C strlen(str) \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n",[926,1124,1125,1139,1150,1164,1177,1198,1222],{"__ignoreMap":940},[944,1126,1127,1130,1133,1136],{"class":946,"line":947},[944,1128,1129],{"class":1052},"#include",[944,1131,1132],{"class":957}," \u003C",[944,1134,1135],{"class":971},"iostream",[944,1137,1138],{"class":957},">\n",[944,1140,1141,1143,1145,1148],{"class":946,"line":1032},[944,1142,1129],{"class":1052},[944,1144,1132],{"class":957},[944,1146,1147],{"class":971},"cstring",[944,1149,1138],{"class":957},[944,1151,1152,1155,1158,1162],{"class":946,"line":1049},[944,1153,1154],{"class":961},"using",[944,1156,1157],{"class":950}," namespace",[944,1159,1161],{"class":1160},"sBMFI"," std",[944,1163,1110],{"class":957},[944,1165,1166,1169,1172,1175],{"class":946,"line":1086},[944,1167,1168],{"class":950},"int",[944,1170,1171],{"class":1009}," main",[944,1173,1174],{"class":957},"()",[944,1176,1083],{"class":957},[944,1178,1179,1182,1184,1186,1188,1190,1192,1194,1196],{"class":946,"line":1096},[944,1180,1181],{"class":950},"    char",[944,1183,954],{"class":953},[944,1185,958],{"class":957},[944,1187,962],{"class":961},[944,1189,965],{"class":957},[944,1191,968],{"class":957},[944,1193,972],{"class":971},[944,1195,968],{"class":957},[944,1197,977],{"class":957},[944,1199,1200,1203,1206,1208,1210,1212,1214,1217,1220],{"class":946,"line":1102},[944,1201,1202],{"class":953},"    cout ",[944,1204,1205],{"class":957},"\u003C\u003C",[944,1207,1010],{"class":1009},[944,1209,1013],{"class":957},[944,1211,983],{"class":953},[944,1213,1022],{"class":957},[944,1215,1216],{"class":957}," \u003C\u003C",[944,1218,1219],{"class":953}," endl",[944,1221,1110],{"class":957},[944,1223,1224],{"class":946,"line":1113},[944,1225,1116],{"class":957},[919,1227,1228,1229,1232,1233,1236],{},"得到字符串 ",[926,1230,1231],{},"\"Hello\""," 的长度为 ",[926,1234,1235],{},"5","。",[1238,1239,1240],"blockquote",{},[919,1241,1242,1244,1245,1248],{},[926,1243,995],{}," 是标准库的函数，声明于头文件 ",[926,1246,1247],{},"\u003Ccstring>","。所以我们不用自己定义就可以使用它。",[919,1250,1251,1252,1255],{},"现在我们尝试使用面向对象的思想来改进字符串——核心思想是，用一个结构体 ",[926,1253,1254],{},"String"," 来表示字符串。那么，可以这样做",[935,1257,1259],{"className":937,"code":1258,"language":939,"meta":940,"style":940},"struct String {\n    char str[30];\n};\n",[926,1260,1261,1271,1284],{"__ignoreMap":940},[944,1262,1263,1266,1269],{"class":946,"line":947},[944,1264,1265],{"class":950},"struct",[944,1267,1268],{"class":1160}," String",[944,1270,1083],{"class":957},[944,1272,1273,1275,1277,1279,1281],{"class":946,"line":1032},[944,1274,1181],{"class":950},[944,1276,954],{"class":953},[944,1278,958],{"class":957},[944,1280,962],{"class":961},[944,1282,1283],{"class":957},"];\n",[944,1285,1286],{"class":946,"line":1049},[944,1287,977],{"class":957},[919,1289,1290,1291,1293,1294,1297],{},"把字符数组 ",[926,1292,983],{}," 作为其中一个成员。然后，给它加一个 ",[926,1295,1296],{},"length"," 成员函数，求出字符串的长度：",[935,1299,1301],{"className":937,"code":1300,"language":939,"meta":940,"style":940},"struct String {\n    char str[30];\n    unsigned length() {\n        unsigned i{0};\n        while (str[i] != '\\0') {\n            i++;\n        }\n        return i;\n    }\n};\n",[926,1302,1303,1311,1323,1334,1347,1374,1381,1386,1396,1401],{"__ignoreMap":940},[944,1304,1305,1307,1309],{"class":946,"line":947},[944,1306,1265],{"class":950},[944,1308,1268],{"class":1160},[944,1310,1083],{"class":957},[944,1312,1313,1315,1317,1319,1321],{"class":946,"line":1032},[944,1314,1181],{"class":950},[944,1316,954],{"class":953},[944,1318,958],{"class":957},[944,1320,962],{"class":961},[944,1322,1283],{"class":957},[944,1324,1325,1327,1330,1332],{"class":946,"line":1049},[944,1326,1035],{"class":950},[944,1328,1329],{"class":1009}," length",[944,1331,1174],{"class":957},[944,1333,1083],{"class":957},[944,1335,1336,1339,1341,1343,1345],{"class":946,"line":1086},[944,1337,1338],{"class":950},"        unsigned",[944,1340,1038],{"class":1089},[944,1342,1041],{"class":957},[944,1344,1044],{"class":961},[944,1346,977],{"class":957},[944,1348,1349,1352,1354,1356,1358,1360,1362,1364,1366,1368,1370,1372],{"class":946,"line":1096},[944,1350,1351],{"class":1052},"        while",[944,1353,1056],{"class":957},[944,1355,983],{"class":953},[944,1357,958],{"class":957},[944,1359,1063],{"class":1089},[944,1361,1066],{"class":957},[944,1363,1069],{"class":957},[944,1365,1072],{"class":957},[944,1367,1075],{"class":953},[944,1369,1078],{"class":957},[944,1371,1022],{"class":957},[944,1373,1083],{"class":957},[944,1375,1376,1379],{"class":946,"line":1102},[944,1377,1378],{"class":1089},"            i",[944,1380,1093],{"class":957},[944,1382,1383],{"class":946,"line":1113},[944,1384,1385],{"class":957},"        }\n",[944,1387,1389,1392,1394],{"class":946,"line":1388},8,[944,1390,1391],{"class":1052},"        return",[944,1393,1038],{"class":1089},[944,1395,1110],{"class":957},[944,1397,1399],{"class":946,"line":1398},9,[944,1400,1099],{"class":957},[944,1402,1404],{"class":946,"line":1403},10,[944,1405,977],{"class":957},[919,1407,1408],{},"然后，我们可以这样初始化一个字符串：",[935,1410,1412],{"className":937,"code":1411,"language":939,"meta":940,"style":940},"int main() {\n    String a{\"Hello\"};\n}\n",[926,1413,1414,1424,1439],{"__ignoreMap":940},[944,1415,1416,1418,1420,1422],{"class":946,"line":947},[944,1417,1168],{"class":950},[944,1419,1171],{"class":1009},[944,1421,1174],{"class":957},[944,1423,1083],{"class":957},[944,1425,1426,1429,1431,1433,1435,1437],{"class":946,"line":1032},[944,1427,1428],{"class":953},"    String a",[944,1430,1041],{"class":957},[944,1432,968],{"class":957},[944,1434,972],{"class":971},[944,1436,968],{"class":957},[944,1438,977],{"class":957},[944,1440,1441],{"class":946,"line":1049},[944,1442,1116],{"class":957},[919,1444,1445,1446,1448,1449,1451,1452,1454],{},"关于结构体的初始化在 ",[931,1447,400],{"href":401}," 提到，这里恰好让 ",[926,1450,1231],{}," 初始化值初始化第一个成员 ",[926,1453,983],{},"。结构体中的函数不用初始化，会被忽略。",[919,1456,1457],{},"所以，整个代码变成了这个样子：",[935,1459,1461],{"className":937,"code":1460,"language":939,"meta":940,"style":940},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nstruct String {\n    char str[30];\n    unsigned length() {\n        unsigned i{0};\n        while (str[i] != '\\0') {\n            i++;\n        }\n        return i;\n    }\n};\nint main() {\n    String a{\"Hello\"};\n    cout \u003C\u003C a.length() \u003C\u003C endl;\n    String b{\"Hi\"};\n    cout \u003C\u003C b.length() \u003C\u003C endl;\n    b = a; \u002F\u002F 结构体可以直接赋值、初始化（而“裸”数组不能赋值）\n    cout \u003C\u003C b.str \u003C\u003C endl; \u002F\u002F \"Hello\" \n}\n",[926,1462,1463,1473,1483,1491,1503,1513,1525,1551,1557,1561,1569,1574,1579,1590,1605,1628,1645,1667,1684,1707],{"__ignoreMap":940},[944,1464,1465,1467,1469,1471],{"class":946,"line":947},[944,1466,1129],{"class":1052},[944,1468,1132],{"class":957},[944,1470,1135],{"class":971},[944,1472,1138],{"class":957},[944,1474,1475,1477,1479,1481],{"class":946,"line":1032},[944,1476,1154],{"class":961},[944,1478,1157],{"class":950},[944,1480,1161],{"class":1160},[944,1482,1110],{"class":957},[944,1484,1485,1487,1489],{"class":946,"line":1049},[944,1486,1265],{"class":950},[944,1488,1268],{"class":1160},[944,1490,1083],{"class":957},[944,1492,1493,1495,1497,1499,1501],{"class":946,"line":1086},[944,1494,1181],{"class":950},[944,1496,954],{"class":953},[944,1498,958],{"class":957},[944,1500,962],{"class":961},[944,1502,1283],{"class":957},[944,1504,1505,1507,1509,1511],{"class":946,"line":1096},[944,1506,1035],{"class":950},[944,1508,1329],{"class":1009},[944,1510,1174],{"class":957},[944,1512,1083],{"class":957},[944,1514,1515,1517,1519,1521,1523],{"class":946,"line":1102},[944,1516,1338],{"class":950},[944,1518,1038],{"class":1089},[944,1520,1041],{"class":957},[944,1522,1044],{"class":961},[944,1524,977],{"class":957},[944,1526,1527,1529,1531,1533,1535,1537,1539,1541,1543,1545,1547,1549],{"class":946,"line":1113},[944,1528,1351],{"class":1052},[944,1530,1056],{"class":957},[944,1532,983],{"class":953},[944,1534,958],{"class":957},[944,1536,1063],{"class":1089},[944,1538,1066],{"class":957},[944,1540,1069],{"class":957},[944,1542,1072],{"class":957},[944,1544,1075],{"class":953},[944,1546,1078],{"class":957},[944,1548,1022],{"class":957},[944,1550,1083],{"class":957},[944,1552,1553,1555],{"class":946,"line":1388},[944,1554,1378],{"class":1089},[944,1556,1093],{"class":957},[944,1558,1559],{"class":946,"line":1398},[944,1560,1385],{"class":957},[944,1562,1563,1565,1567],{"class":946,"line":1403},[944,1564,1391],{"class":1052},[944,1566,1038],{"class":1089},[944,1568,1110],{"class":957},[944,1570,1572],{"class":946,"line":1571},11,[944,1573,1099],{"class":957},[944,1575,1577],{"class":946,"line":1576},12,[944,1578,977],{"class":957},[944,1580,1582,1584,1586,1588],{"class":946,"line":1581},13,[944,1583,1168],{"class":950},[944,1585,1171],{"class":1009},[944,1587,1174],{"class":957},[944,1589,1083],{"class":957},[944,1591,1593,1595,1597,1599,1601,1603],{"class":946,"line":1592},14,[944,1594,1428],{"class":953},[944,1596,1041],{"class":957},[944,1598,968],{"class":957},[944,1600,972],{"class":971},[944,1602,968],{"class":957},[944,1604,977],{"class":957},[944,1606,1608,1610,1612,1615,1618,1620,1622,1624,1626],{"class":946,"line":1607},15,[944,1609,1202],{"class":953},[944,1611,1205],{"class":957},[944,1613,1614],{"class":953}," a",[944,1616,1617],{"class":957},".",[944,1619,1296],{"class":1009},[944,1621,1174],{"class":957},[944,1623,1216],{"class":957},[944,1625,1219],{"class":953},[944,1627,1110],{"class":957},[944,1629,1631,1634,1636,1638,1641,1643],{"class":946,"line":1630},16,[944,1632,1633],{"class":953},"    String b",[944,1635,1041],{"class":957},[944,1637,968],{"class":957},[944,1639,1640],{"class":971},"Hi",[944,1642,968],{"class":957},[944,1644,977],{"class":957},[944,1646,1648,1650,1652,1655,1657,1659,1661,1663,1665],{"class":946,"line":1647},17,[944,1649,1202],{"class":953},[944,1651,1205],{"class":957},[944,1653,1654],{"class":953}," b",[944,1656,1617],{"class":957},[944,1658,1296],{"class":1009},[944,1660,1174],{"class":957},[944,1662,1216],{"class":957},[944,1664,1219],{"class":953},[944,1666,1110],{"class":957},[944,1668,1670,1673,1676,1678,1681],{"class":946,"line":1669},18,[944,1671,1672],{"class":953},"    b ",[944,1674,1675],{"class":957},"=",[944,1677,1614],{"class":953},[944,1679,1680],{"class":957},";",[944,1682,1683],{"class":1028}," \u002F\u002F 结构体可以直接赋值、初始化（而“裸”数组不能赋值）\n",[944,1685,1687,1689,1691,1693,1695,1698,1700,1702,1704],{"class":946,"line":1686},19,[944,1688,1202],{"class":953},[944,1690,1205],{"class":957},[944,1692,1654],{"class":953},[944,1694,1617],{"class":957},[944,1696,1697],{"class":953},"str ",[944,1699,1205],{"class":957},[944,1701,1219],{"class":953},[944,1703,1680],{"class":957},[944,1705,1706],{"class":1028}," \u002F\u002F \"Hello\" \n",[944,1708,1710],{"class":946,"line":1709},20,[944,1711,1116],{"class":957},[919,1713,1714],{},"看上去很不错，也能正确运行。但很显然，这段代码会发生潜在的问题。比如其中一个：",[935,1716,1718],{"className":937,"code":1717,"language":939,"meta":940,"style":940},"int main() {\n    String a{\"veryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryverylongstring\"};\n}\n",[926,1719,1720,1730,1745],{"__ignoreMap":940},[944,1721,1722,1724,1726,1728],{"class":946,"line":947},[944,1723,1168],{"class":950},[944,1725,1171],{"class":1009},[944,1727,1174],{"class":957},[944,1729,1083],{"class":957},[944,1731,1732,1734,1736,1738,1741,1743],{"class":946,"line":1032},[944,1733,1428],{"class":953},[944,1735,1041],{"class":957},[944,1737,968],{"class":957},[944,1739,1740],{"class":971},"veryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryverylongstring",[944,1742,968],{"class":957},[944,1744,977],{"class":957},[944,1746,1747],{"class":946,"line":1049},[944,1748,1116],{"class":957},[919,1750,1751,1752,1754,1755,1758,1759,1762,1763,1765],{},"如果初始化的长度太长，就会导致数组越界。嗯——这个问题解决起来可以很简单，就把 ",[926,1753,983],{}," 数组的大小变大就好了，比如大到 ",[926,1756,1757],{},"char str[50];","。但保不齐之后会用到 ",[926,1760,1761],{},"100"," 位长的字符串，然后又不够了。所以仅仅增加 ",[926,1764,983],{}," 数组的大小并不是最完美的解决方案。",[919,1767,1768,1769,1771,1772,1775,1776,1778],{},"如果每次 ",[926,1770,1254],{}," 被初始化的时候，总是能找到足够大的存储空间来放初始化值就好了。所以，",[931,1773,1774],{"href":347},"new[] 运算符","可以帮助我们做这件事情。利用它，我们这样改进 ",[926,1777,1254],{}," 结构体：",[935,1780,1782],{"className":937,"code":1781,"language":939,"meta":940,"style":940},"#include \u003Ccstring>\n#include \u003Ciostream>\n\nstruct String {\n    char* str;\n    void init(const char* initVal) {\n        unsigned len = std::strlen(initVal); \u002F\u002F 求出初始化字符串的长度\n        str = new char[len + 1];             \u002F\u002F 分配这么大空间，将 str 指向它；\n        for (unsigned i{0}; i \u003C= len; i++)   \u002F\u002F 其中 len+1 是为了存储 '\\0' 结尾\n            str[i] = initVal[i];             \u002F\u002F 然后将这片空间逐个赋值\n    }\n    unsigned length() {\n        unsigned i{0};\n        while (str[i] != '\\0') {\n            i++;\n        }\n        return i;\n    }\n};\n",[926,1783,1784,1794,1804,1810,1818,1829,1852,1879,1909,1947,1972,1976,1986,1998,2024,2030,2034,2042,2046],{"__ignoreMap":940},[944,1785,1786,1788,1790,1792],{"class":946,"line":947},[944,1787,1129],{"class":1052},[944,1789,1132],{"class":957},[944,1791,1147],{"class":971},[944,1793,1138],{"class":957},[944,1795,1796,1798,1800,1802],{"class":946,"line":1032},[944,1797,1129],{"class":1052},[944,1799,1132],{"class":957},[944,1801,1135],{"class":971},[944,1803,1138],{"class":957},[944,1805,1806],{"class":946,"line":1049},[944,1807,1809],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1808},true,"\n",[944,1811,1812,1814,1816],{"class":946,"line":1086},[944,1813,1265],{"class":950},[944,1815,1268],{"class":1160},[944,1817,1083],{"class":957},[944,1819,1820,1822,1825,1827],{"class":946,"line":1096},[944,1821,1181],{"class":950},[944,1823,1824],{"class":957},"*",[944,1826,954],{"class":1089},[944,1828,1110],{"class":957},[944,1830,1831,1834,1837,1839,1842,1845,1848,1850],{"class":946,"line":1102},[944,1832,1833],{"class":950},"    void",[944,1835,1836],{"class":1009}," init",[944,1838,1013],{"class":957},[944,1840,1841],{"class":950},"const",[944,1843,1844],{"class":950}," char*",[944,1846,1847],{"class":1019}," initVal",[944,1849,1022],{"class":957},[944,1851,1083],{"class":957},[944,1853,1854,1856,1859,1861,1863,1866,1868,1870,1873,1876],{"class":946,"line":1113},[944,1855,1338],{"class":950},[944,1857,1858],{"class":1089}," len ",[944,1860,1675],{"class":957},[944,1862,1161],{"class":1160},[944,1864,1865],{"class":957},"::",[944,1867,995],{"class":1009},[944,1869,1013],{"class":957},[944,1871,1872],{"class":1089},"initVal",[944,1874,1875],{"class":957},");",[944,1877,1878],{"class":1028}," \u002F\u002F 求出初始化字符串的长度\n",[944,1880,1881,1884,1886,1889,1892,1894,1897,1900,1903,1906],{"class":946,"line":1388},[944,1882,1883],{"class":1089},"        str ",[944,1885,1675],{"class":957},[944,1887,1888],{"class":957}," new",[944,1890,1891],{"class":950}," char",[944,1893,958],{"class":957},[944,1895,1896],{"class":1089},"len ",[944,1898,1899],{"class":957},"+",[944,1901,1902],{"class":961}," 1",[944,1904,1905],{"class":957},"];",[944,1907,1908],{"class":1028},"             \u002F\u002F 分配这么大空间，将 str 指向它；\n",[944,1910,1911,1914,1916,1918,1921,1923,1926,1928,1931,1934,1937,1939,1941,1944],{"class":946,"line":1398},[944,1912,1913],{"class":1052},"        for",[944,1915,1056],{"class":957},[944,1917,1006],{"class":950},[944,1919,1920],{"class":1089}," i{",[944,1922,1044],{"class":961},[944,1924,1925],{"class":1089},"}",[944,1927,1680],{"class":957},[944,1929,1930],{"class":1089}," i ",[944,1932,1933],{"class":957},"\u003C=",[944,1935,1936],{"class":1089}," len",[944,1938,1680],{"class":957},[944,1940,1038],{"class":1089},[944,1942,1943],{"class":957},"++)",[944,1945,1946],{"class":1028},"   \u002F\u002F 其中 len+1 是为了存储 '\\0' 结尾\n",[944,1948,1949,1952,1954,1956,1958,1961,1963,1965,1967,1969],{"class":946,"line":1403},[944,1950,1951],{"class":953},"            str",[944,1953,958],{"class":957},[944,1955,1063],{"class":1089},[944,1957,1066],{"class":957},[944,1959,1960],{"class":957}," =",[944,1962,1847],{"class":953},[944,1964,958],{"class":957},[944,1966,1063],{"class":1089},[944,1968,1905],{"class":957},[944,1970,1971],{"class":1028},"             \u002F\u002F 然后将这片空间逐个赋值\n",[944,1973,1974],{"class":946,"line":1571},[944,1975,1099],{"class":957},[944,1977,1978,1980,1982,1984],{"class":946,"line":1576},[944,1979,1035],{"class":950},[944,1981,1329],{"class":1009},[944,1983,1174],{"class":957},[944,1985,1083],{"class":957},[944,1987,1988,1990,1992,1994,1996],{"class":946,"line":1581},[944,1989,1338],{"class":950},[944,1991,1038],{"class":1089},[944,1993,1041],{"class":957},[944,1995,1044],{"class":961},[944,1997,977],{"class":957},[944,1999,2000,2002,2004,2006,2008,2010,2012,2014,2016,2018,2020,2022],{"class":946,"line":1592},[944,2001,1351],{"class":1052},[944,2003,1056],{"class":957},[944,2005,983],{"class":953},[944,2007,958],{"class":957},[944,2009,1063],{"class":1089},[944,2011,1066],{"class":957},[944,2013,1069],{"class":957},[944,2015,1072],{"class":957},[944,2017,1075],{"class":953},[944,2019,1078],{"class":957},[944,2021,1022],{"class":957},[944,2023,1083],{"class":957},[944,2025,2026,2028],{"class":946,"line":1607},[944,2027,1378],{"class":1089},[944,2029,1093],{"class":957},[944,2031,2032],{"class":946,"line":1630},[944,2033,1385],{"class":957},[944,2035,2036,2038,2040],{"class":946,"line":1647},[944,2037,1391],{"class":1052},[944,2039,1038],{"class":1089},[944,2041,1110],{"class":957},[944,2043,2044],{"class":946,"line":1669},[944,2045,1099],{"class":957},[944,2047,2048],{"class":946,"line":1686},[944,2049,977],{"class":957},[919,2051,2052],{},"接下来就需要这样使用这个字符串结构体了：",[935,2054,2056],{"className":937,"code":2055,"language":939,"meta":940,"style":940},"#include \u003Ccstring>\n#include \u003Ciostream>\n\nstruct String {\n    char* str;\n    void init(const char* initVal) {\n        unsigned len = std::strlen(initVal); \u002F\u002F 求出初始化字符串的长度\n        str = new char[len + 1];             \u002F\u002F 分配这么大空间，将 str 指向它；\n        for (unsigned i{0}; i \u003C= len; i++)   \u002F\u002F 其中 len+1 是为了存储 '\\0' 结尾\n            str[i] = initVal[i];             \u002F\u002F 然后将这片空间逐个赋值\n    }\n    unsigned length() {\n        unsigned i{0};\n        while (str[i] != '\\0') {\n            i++;\n        }\n        return i;\n    }\n};\n\nint main() {\n    String a, b;\n    a.init(\"Hello\"); \u002F\u002F 使用 init 成员函数初始化\n    b.init(\"Hi\");\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C a.length() \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C b.length() \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\n",[926,2057,2058,2068,2078,2082,2090,2100,2118,2140,2162,2192,2214,2218,2228,2240,2266,2272,2276,2284,2288,2292,2296,2307,2319,2343,2364,2396,2425],{"__ignoreMap":940},[944,2059,2060,2062,2064,2066],{"class":946,"line":947},[944,2061,1129],{"class":1052},[944,2063,1132],{"class":957},[944,2065,1147],{"class":971},[944,2067,1138],{"class":957},[944,2069,2070,2072,2074,2076],{"class":946,"line":1032},[944,2071,1129],{"class":1052},[944,2073,1132],{"class":957},[944,2075,1135],{"class":971},[944,2077,1138],{"class":957},[944,2079,2080],{"class":946,"line":1049},[944,2081,1809],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1808},[944,2083,2084,2086,2088],{"class":946,"line":1086},[944,2085,1265],{"class":950},[944,2087,1268],{"class":1160},[944,2089,1083],{"class":957},[944,2091,2092,2094,2096,2098],{"class":946,"line":1096},[944,2093,1181],{"class":950},[944,2095,1824],{"class":957},[944,2097,954],{"class":1089},[944,2099,1110],{"class":957},[944,2101,2102,2104,2106,2108,2110,2112,2114,2116],{"class":946,"line":1102},[944,2103,1833],{"class":950},[944,2105,1836],{"class":1009},[944,2107,1013],{"class":957},[944,2109,1841],{"class":950},[944,2111,1844],{"class":950},[944,2113,1847],{"class":1019},[944,2115,1022],{"class":957},[944,2117,1083],{"class":957},[944,2119,2120,2122,2124,2126,2128,2130,2132,2134,2136,2138],{"class":946,"line":1113},[944,2121,1338],{"class":950},[944,2123,1858],{"class":1089},[944,2125,1675],{"class":957},[944,2127,1161],{"class":1160},[944,2129,1865],{"class":957},[944,2131,995],{"class":1009},[944,2133,1013],{"class":957},[944,2135,1872],{"class":1089},[944,2137,1875],{"class":957},[944,2139,1878],{"class":1028},[944,2141,2142,2144,2146,2148,2150,2152,2154,2156,2158,2160],{"class":946,"line":1388},[944,2143,1883],{"class":1089},[944,2145,1675],{"class":957},[944,2147,1888],{"class":957},[944,2149,1891],{"class":950},[944,2151,958],{"class":957},[944,2153,1896],{"class":1089},[944,2155,1899],{"class":957},[944,2157,1902],{"class":961},[944,2159,1905],{"class":957},[944,2161,1908],{"class":1028},[944,2163,2164,2166,2168,2170,2172,2174,2176,2178,2180,2182,2184,2186,2188,2190],{"class":946,"line":1398},[944,2165,1913],{"class":1052},[944,2167,1056],{"class":957},[944,2169,1006],{"class":950},[944,2171,1920],{"class":1089},[944,2173,1044],{"class":961},[944,2175,1925],{"class":1089},[944,2177,1680],{"class":957},[944,2179,1930],{"class":1089},[944,2181,1933],{"class":957},[944,2183,1936],{"class":1089},[944,2185,1680],{"class":957},[944,2187,1038],{"class":1089},[944,2189,1943],{"class":957},[944,2191,1946],{"class":1028},[944,2193,2194,2196,2198,2200,2202,2204,2206,2208,2210,2212],{"class":946,"line":1403},[944,2195,1951],{"class":953},[944,2197,958],{"class":957},[944,2199,1063],{"class":1089},[944,2201,1066],{"class":957},[944,2203,1960],{"class":957},[944,2205,1847],{"class":953},[944,2207,958],{"class":957},[944,2209,1063],{"class":1089},[944,2211,1905],{"class":957},[944,2213,1971],{"class":1028},[944,2215,2216],{"class":946,"line":1571},[944,2217,1099],{"class":957},[944,2219,2220,2222,2224,2226],{"class":946,"line":1576},[944,2221,1035],{"class":950},[944,2223,1329],{"class":1009},[944,2225,1174],{"class":957},[944,2227,1083],{"class":957},[944,2229,2230,2232,2234,2236,2238],{"class":946,"line":1581},[944,2231,1338],{"class":950},[944,2233,1038],{"class":1089},[944,2235,1041],{"class":957},[944,2237,1044],{"class":961},[944,2239,977],{"class":957},[944,2241,2242,2244,2246,2248,2250,2252,2254,2256,2258,2260,2262,2264],{"class":946,"line":1592},[944,2243,1351],{"class":1052},[944,2245,1056],{"class":957},[944,2247,983],{"class":953},[944,2249,958],{"class":957},[944,2251,1063],{"class":1089},[944,2253,1066],{"class":957},[944,2255,1069],{"class":957},[944,2257,1072],{"class":957},[944,2259,1075],{"class":953},[944,2261,1078],{"class":957},[944,2263,1022],{"class":957},[944,2265,1083],{"class":957},[944,2267,2268,2270],{"class":946,"line":1607},[944,2269,1378],{"class":1089},[944,2271,1093],{"class":957},[944,2273,2274],{"class":946,"line":1630},[944,2275,1385],{"class":957},[944,2277,2278,2280,2282],{"class":946,"line":1647},[944,2279,1391],{"class":1052},[944,2281,1038],{"class":1089},[944,2283,1110],{"class":957},[944,2285,2286],{"class":946,"line":1669},[944,2287,1099],{"class":957},[944,2289,2290],{"class":946,"line":1686},[944,2291,977],{"class":957},[944,2293,2294],{"class":946,"line":1709},[944,2295,1809],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1808},[944,2297,2299,2301,2303,2305],{"class":946,"line":2298},21,[944,2300,1168],{"class":950},[944,2302,1171],{"class":1009},[944,2304,1174],{"class":957},[944,2306,1083],{"class":957},[944,2308,2310,2312,2315,2317],{"class":946,"line":2309},22,[944,2311,1428],{"class":953},[944,2313,2314],{"class":957},",",[944,2316,1654],{"class":953},[944,2318,1110],{"class":957},[944,2320,2322,2325,2327,2330,2332,2334,2336,2338,2340],{"class":946,"line":2321},23,[944,2323,2324],{"class":953},"    a",[944,2326,1617],{"class":957},[944,2328,2329],{"class":1009},"init",[944,2331,1013],{"class":957},[944,2333,968],{"class":957},[944,2335,972],{"class":971},[944,2337,968],{"class":957},[944,2339,1875],{"class":957},[944,2341,2342],{"class":1028}," \u002F\u002F 使用 init 成员函数初始化\n",[944,2344,2346,2349,2351,2353,2355,2357,2359,2361],{"class":946,"line":2345},24,[944,2347,2348],{"class":953},"    b",[944,2350,1617],{"class":957},[944,2352,2329],{"class":1009},[944,2354,1013],{"class":957},[944,2356,968],{"class":957},[944,2358,1640],{"class":971},[944,2360,968],{"class":957},[944,2362,2363],{"class":957},");\n",[944,2365,2367,2370,2372,2375,2377,2379,2381,2383,2385,2387,2389,2391,2394],{"class":946,"line":2366},25,[944,2368,2369],{"class":1160},"    std",[944,2371,1865],{"class":957},[944,2373,2374],{"class":953},"cout ",[944,2376,1205],{"class":957},[944,2378,1614],{"class":953},[944,2380,1617],{"class":957},[944,2382,1296],{"class":1009},[944,2384,1174],{"class":957},[944,2386,1216],{"class":957},[944,2388,1161],{"class":1160},[944,2390,1865],{"class":957},[944,2392,2393],{"class":953},"endl",[944,2395,1110],{"class":957},[944,2397,2399,2401,2403,2405,2407,2409,2411,2413,2415,2417,2419,2421,2423],{"class":946,"line":2398},26,[944,2400,2369],{"class":1160},[944,2402,1865],{"class":957},[944,2404,2374],{"class":953},[944,2406,1205],{"class":957},[944,2408,1654],{"class":953},[944,2410,1617],{"class":957},[944,2412,1296],{"class":1009},[944,2414,1174],{"class":957},[944,2416,1216],{"class":957},[944,2418,1161],{"class":1160},[944,2420,1865],{"class":957},[944,2422,2393],{"class":953},[944,2424,1110],{"class":957},[944,2426,2428],{"class":946,"line":2427},27,[944,2429,1116],{"class":957},[919,2431,2432,2433,2435,2436,2438],{},"到这里仍然是可以正常运行的。而且注意到 ",[926,2434,2329],{}," 成员函数中已经求出了字符串长度，所以在 ",[926,2437,1296],{}," 成员函数中不必再次计算。通过增加一个“私有”成员，可以改进成这个样子：",[935,2440,2442],{"className":937,"code":2441,"language":939,"meta":940,"style":940},"struct String {\n    char* str;\n    void init(const char* initVal) {\n        len = std::strlen(initVal);   \u002F\u002F 求出初始化字符串的长度，但这次赋值给成员变量\n        str = new char[len + 1];\n        for (unsigned i{0}; i \u003C= len; i++)\n            str[i] = initVal[i];\n    }\n    unsigned length() {\n        return len;\n    }\n\nprivate:\n    unsigned len;                     \u002F\u002F 新增一个成员变量记录字符串长度，它可以是“私有的”\n};\n",[926,2443,2444,2452,2462,2480,2502,2522,2551,2571,2575,2585,2593,2597,2601,2609,2620],{"__ignoreMap":940},[944,2445,2446,2448,2450],{"class":946,"line":947},[944,2447,1265],{"class":950},[944,2449,1268],{"class":1160},[944,2451,1083],{"class":957},[944,2453,2454,2456,2458,2460],{"class":946,"line":1032},[944,2455,1181],{"class":950},[944,2457,1824],{"class":957},[944,2459,954],{"class":1089},[944,2461,1110],{"class":957},[944,2463,2464,2466,2468,2470,2472,2474,2476,2478],{"class":946,"line":1049},[944,2465,1833],{"class":950},[944,2467,1836],{"class":1009},[944,2469,1013],{"class":957},[944,2471,1841],{"class":950},[944,2473,1844],{"class":950},[944,2475,1847],{"class":1019},[944,2477,1022],{"class":957},[944,2479,1083],{"class":957},[944,2481,2482,2485,2487,2489,2491,2493,2495,2497,2499],{"class":946,"line":1086},[944,2483,2484],{"class":1089},"        len ",[944,2486,1675],{"class":957},[944,2488,1161],{"class":1160},[944,2490,1865],{"class":957},[944,2492,995],{"class":1009},[944,2494,1013],{"class":957},[944,2496,1872],{"class":1089},[944,2498,1875],{"class":957},[944,2500,2501],{"class":1028},"   \u002F\u002F 求出初始化字符串的长度，但这次赋值给成员变量\n",[944,2503,2504,2506,2508,2510,2512,2514,2516,2518,2520],{"class":946,"line":1096},[944,2505,1883],{"class":1089},[944,2507,1675],{"class":957},[944,2509,1888],{"class":957},[944,2511,1891],{"class":950},[944,2513,958],{"class":957},[944,2515,1896],{"class":1089},[944,2517,1899],{"class":957},[944,2519,1902],{"class":961},[944,2521,1283],{"class":957},[944,2523,2524,2526,2528,2530,2532,2534,2536,2538,2540,2542,2544,2546,2548],{"class":946,"line":1102},[944,2525,1913],{"class":1052},[944,2527,1056],{"class":957},[944,2529,1006],{"class":950},[944,2531,1920],{"class":1089},[944,2533,1044],{"class":961},[944,2535,1925],{"class":1089},[944,2537,1680],{"class":957},[944,2539,1930],{"class":1089},[944,2541,1933],{"class":957},[944,2543,1936],{"class":1089},[944,2545,1680],{"class":957},[944,2547,1038],{"class":1089},[944,2549,2550],{"class":957},"++)\n",[944,2552,2553,2555,2557,2559,2561,2563,2565,2567,2569],{"class":946,"line":1113},[944,2554,1951],{"class":953},[944,2556,958],{"class":957},[944,2558,1063],{"class":1089},[944,2560,1066],{"class":957},[944,2562,1960],{"class":957},[944,2564,1847],{"class":953},[944,2566,958],{"class":957},[944,2568,1063],{"class":1089},[944,2570,1283],{"class":957},[944,2572,2573],{"class":946,"line":1388},[944,2574,1099],{"class":957},[944,2576,2577,2579,2581,2583],{"class":946,"line":1398},[944,2578,1035],{"class":950},[944,2580,1329],{"class":1009},[944,2582,1174],{"class":957},[944,2584,1083],{"class":957},[944,2586,2587,2589,2591],{"class":946,"line":1403},[944,2588,1391],{"class":1052},[944,2590,1936],{"class":1089},[944,2592,1110],{"class":957},[944,2594,2595],{"class":946,"line":1571},[944,2596,1099],{"class":957},[944,2598,2599],{"class":946,"line":1576},[944,2600,1809],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1808},[944,2602,2603,2606],{"class":946,"line":1581},[944,2604,2605],{"class":950},"private",[944,2607,2608],{"class":957},":\n",[944,2610,2611,2613,2615,2617],{"class":946,"line":1592},[944,2612,1035],{"class":950},[944,2614,1936],{"class":1089},[944,2616,1680],{"class":957},[944,2618,2619],{"class":1028},"                     \u002F\u002F 新增一个成员变量记录字符串长度，它可以是“私有的”\n",[944,2621,2622],{"class":946,"line":1607},[944,2623,977],{"class":957},[919,2625,2626,2627,2630,2631,2633],{},"你可以验证它的正确性。尽管我们通过 ",[926,2628,2629],{},"new[]"," 分配空间的方法杜绝了字符串上限的问题，但这样做却引入了大量的新问题。比如如果想对这样的一个 ",[926,2632,1254],{}," 类型变量进行赋值是行不通的。为此我们恐怕还要写一个赋值函数：",[935,2635,2637],{"className":937,"code":2636,"language":939,"meta":940,"style":940},"struct String {\n    char* str;\n    void init(const char* initVal); \u002F\u002F 同上\n    unsigned length(); \u002F\u002F 同上\n    void assign(const String assignVal) {    \u002F\u002F 注：这个函数是有问题的，下一章将修复\n        delete[] str;                        \u002F\u002F 首先释放原先的空间\n        len = assignVal.len;                 \u002F\u002F 赋值长度\n        str = new char[len + 1];             \u002F\u002F 申请新的空间\n        for (unsigned i{0}; i \u003C= len; i++) {\n            str[i] = assignVal.str[i];       \u002F\u002F 将字符串内容逐一复制过去\n        }\n    }\n\nprivate:\n    unsigned len; \u002F\u002F 同上\n};\n",[926,2638,2639,2647,2657,2676,2687,2710,2722,2740,2763,2793,2820,2824,2828,2832,2838,2848],{"__ignoreMap":940},[944,2640,2641,2643,2645],{"class":946,"line":947},[944,2642,1265],{"class":950},[944,2644,1268],{"class":1160},[944,2646,1083],{"class":957},[944,2648,2649,2651,2653,2655],{"class":946,"line":1032},[944,2650,1181],{"class":950},[944,2652,1824],{"class":957},[944,2654,954],{"class":1089},[944,2656,1110],{"class":957},[944,2658,2659,2661,2663,2665,2667,2669,2671,2673],{"class":946,"line":1049},[944,2660,1833],{"class":950},[944,2662,1836],{"class":1009},[944,2664,1013],{"class":957},[944,2666,1841],{"class":950},[944,2668,1844],{"class":950},[944,2670,1847],{"class":1019},[944,2672,1875],{"class":957},[944,2674,2675],{"class":1028}," \u002F\u002F 同上\n",[944,2677,2678,2680,2682,2685],{"class":946,"line":1086},[944,2679,1035],{"class":950},[944,2681,1329],{"class":1009},[944,2683,2684],{"class":957},"();",[944,2686,2675],{"class":1028},[944,2688,2689,2691,2694,2696,2698,2700,2703,2705,2707],{"class":946,"line":1096},[944,2690,1833],{"class":950},[944,2692,2693],{"class":1009}," assign",[944,2695,1013],{"class":957},[944,2697,1841],{"class":950},[944,2699,1268],{"class":1160},[944,2701,2702],{"class":1019}," assignVal",[944,2704,1022],{"class":957},[944,2706,1025],{"class":957},[944,2708,2709],{"class":1028},"    \u002F\u002F 注：这个函数是有问题的，下一章将修复\n",[944,2711,2712,2715,2717,2719],{"class":946,"line":1102},[944,2713,2714],{"class":957},"        delete[]",[944,2716,954],{"class":1089},[944,2718,1680],{"class":957},[944,2720,2721],{"class":1028},"                        \u002F\u002F 首先释放原先的空间\n",[944,2723,2724,2726,2728,2730,2732,2735,2737],{"class":946,"line":1113},[944,2725,2484],{"class":1089},[944,2727,1675],{"class":957},[944,2729,2702],{"class":953},[944,2731,1617],{"class":957},[944,2733,2734],{"class":953},"len",[944,2736,1680],{"class":957},[944,2738,2739],{"class":1028},"                 \u002F\u002F 赋值长度\n",[944,2741,2742,2744,2746,2748,2750,2752,2754,2756,2758,2760],{"class":946,"line":1388},[944,2743,1883],{"class":1089},[944,2745,1675],{"class":957},[944,2747,1888],{"class":957},[944,2749,1891],{"class":950},[944,2751,958],{"class":957},[944,2753,1896],{"class":1089},[944,2755,1899],{"class":957},[944,2757,1902],{"class":961},[944,2759,1905],{"class":957},[944,2761,2762],{"class":1028},"             \u002F\u002F 申请新的空间\n",[944,2764,2765,2767,2769,2771,2773,2775,2777,2779,2781,2783,2785,2787,2789,2791],{"class":946,"line":1398},[944,2766,1913],{"class":1052},[944,2768,1056],{"class":957},[944,2770,1006],{"class":950},[944,2772,1920],{"class":1089},[944,2774,1044],{"class":961},[944,2776,1925],{"class":1089},[944,2778,1680],{"class":957},[944,2780,1930],{"class":1089},[944,2782,1933],{"class":957},[944,2784,1936],{"class":1089},[944,2786,1680],{"class":957},[944,2788,1038],{"class":1089},[944,2790,1943],{"class":957},[944,2792,1083],{"class":957},[944,2794,2795,2797,2799,2801,2803,2805,2807,2809,2811,2813,2815,2817],{"class":946,"line":1403},[944,2796,1951],{"class":953},[944,2798,958],{"class":957},[944,2800,1063],{"class":1089},[944,2802,1066],{"class":957},[944,2804,1960],{"class":957},[944,2806,2702],{"class":953},[944,2808,1617],{"class":957},[944,2810,983],{"class":953},[944,2812,958],{"class":957},[944,2814,1063],{"class":1089},[944,2816,1905],{"class":957},[944,2818,2819],{"class":1028},"       \u002F\u002F 将字符串内容逐一复制过去\n",[944,2821,2822],{"class":946,"line":1571},[944,2823,1385],{"class":957},[944,2825,2826],{"class":946,"line":1576},[944,2827,1099],{"class":957},[944,2829,2830],{"class":946,"line":1581},[944,2831,1809],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1808},[944,2833,2834,2836],{"class":946,"line":1592},[944,2835,2605],{"class":950},[944,2837,2608],{"class":957},[944,2839,2840,2842,2844,2846],{"class":946,"line":1607},[944,2841,1035],{"class":950},[944,2843,1936],{"class":1089},[944,2845,1680],{"class":957},[944,2847,2675],{"class":1028},[944,2849,2850],{"class":946,"line":1630},[944,2851,977],{"class":957},[919,2853,2854],{},"然后才可以：",[935,2856,2858],{"className":937,"code":2857,"language":939,"meta":940,"style":940},"int main() {\n    String a, b;\n    a.init(\"Hello\");\n    b.init(\"Hi\");\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C a.length() \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C b.length() \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n    b.assign(a); \u002F\u002F 使用 assign 成员函数赋值，即 b = a\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C b.str \u003C\u003C std::endl; \u002F\u002F \"Hello\" \n}\n",[926,2859,2860,2870,2880,2898,2916,2944,2972,2990,3018],{"__ignoreMap":940},[944,2861,2862,2864,2866,2868],{"class":946,"line":947},[944,2863,1168],{"class":950},[944,2865,1171],{"class":1009},[944,2867,1174],{"class":957},[944,2869,1083],{"class":957},[944,2871,2872,2874,2876,2878],{"class":946,"line":1032},[944,2873,1428],{"class":953},[944,2875,2314],{"class":957},[944,2877,1654],{"class":953},[944,2879,1110],{"class":957},[944,2881,2882,2884,2886,2888,2890,2892,2894,2896],{"class":946,"line":1049},[944,2883,2324],{"class":953},[944,2885,1617],{"class":957},[944,2887,2329],{"class":1009},[944,2889,1013],{"class":957},[944,2891,968],{"class":957},[944,2893,972],{"class":971},[944,2895,968],{"class":957},[944,2897,2363],{"class":957},[944,2899,2900,2902,2904,2906,2908,2910,2912,2914],{"class":946,"line":1086},[944,2901,2348],{"class":953},[944,2903,1617],{"class":957},[944,2905,2329],{"class":1009},[944,2907,1013],{"class":957},[944,2909,968],{"class":957},[944,2911,1640],{"class":971},[944,2913,968],{"class":957},[944,2915,2363],{"class":957},[944,2917,2918,2920,2922,2924,2926,2928,2930,2932,2934,2936,2938,2940,2942],{"class":946,"line":1096},[944,2919,2369],{"class":1160},[944,2921,1865],{"class":957},[944,2923,2374],{"class":953},[944,2925,1205],{"class":957},[944,2927,1614],{"class":953},[944,2929,1617],{"class":957},[944,2931,1296],{"class":1009},[944,2933,1174],{"class":957},[944,2935,1216],{"class":957},[944,2937,1161],{"class":1160},[944,2939,1865],{"class":957},[944,2941,2393],{"class":953},[944,2943,1110],{"class":957},[944,2945,2946,2948,2950,2952,2954,2956,2958,2960,2962,2964,2966,2968,2970],{"class":946,"line":1102},[944,2947,2369],{"class":1160},[944,2949,1865],{"class":957},[944,2951,2374],{"class":953},[944,2953,1205],{"class":957},[944,2955,1654],{"class":953},[944,2957,1617],{"class":957},[944,2959,1296],{"class":1009},[944,2961,1174],{"class":957},[944,2963,1216],{"class":957},[944,2965,1161],{"class":1160},[944,2967,1865],{"class":957},[944,2969,2393],{"class":953},[944,2971,1110],{"class":957},[944,2973,2974,2976,2978,2981,2983,2985,2987],{"class":946,"line":1113},[944,2975,2348],{"class":953},[944,2977,1617],{"class":957},[944,2979,2980],{"class":1009},"assign",[944,2982,1013],{"class":957},[944,2984,931],{"class":953},[944,2986,1875],{"class":957},[944,2988,2989],{"class":1028}," \u002F\u002F 使用 assign 成员函数赋值，即 b = a\n",[944,2991,2992,2994,2996,2998,3000,3002,3004,3006,3008,3010,3012,3014,3016],{"class":946,"line":1388},[944,2993,2369],{"class":1160},[944,2995,1865],{"class":957},[944,2997,2374],{"class":953},[944,2999,1205],{"class":957},[944,3001,1654],{"class":953},[944,3003,1617],{"class":957},[944,3005,1697],{"class":953},[944,3007,1205],{"class":957},[944,3009,1161],{"class":1160},[944,3011,1865],{"class":957},[944,3013,2393],{"class":953},[944,3015,1680],{"class":957},[944,3017,1706],{"class":1028},[944,3019,3020],{"class":946,"line":1398},[944,3021,1116],{"class":957},[919,3023,3024,3025,3027,3028,3030],{},"如果不太理解 ",[926,3026,2980],{}," 成员函数的话，也没有关系。你只需要知道现在这种 ",[926,3029,1254],{}," 的实现并不完美，不论是赋值还是初始化都需要通过一些自定义的函数才能做到。所以我们希望能够简化这些操作——下一节的构造函数将为我们做简化初始化的工作。",[3032,3033,3034],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki .spNyl{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .sTEyZ, html code.shiki .sTEyZ{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-dark:#BABED8}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .sbssI, html code.shiki .sbssI{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#F78C6C;--shiki-dark:#F78C6C}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2Zo4, html code.shiki .s2Zo4{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#82AAFF;--shiki-dark:#82AAFF}html pre.shiki code .sHdIc, html code.shiki .sHdIc{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#BABED8;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sHwdD, html code.shiki .sHwdD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#546E7A;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#676E95;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s7zQu, html code.shiki .s7zQu{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .swJcz, html code.shiki .swJcz{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#F07178;--shiki-dark:#F07178}html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki .sBMFI{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}",{"title":940,"searchDepth":947,"depth":1032,"links":3036},[],"md",null,{},{"icon":416},{"title":435,"description":435},"tbogUOMYvtGlSrfpNH3T_9yGWFmX8m8c8oAa8sG8WN4",[3044,3046],{"title":431,"path":432,"stem":433,"description":3045,"icon":416,"children":-1},"有些细心的读者可能发现，按值传递参数是非常常见的场景，也就是说调用复制构造函数应当是经常发生的事情。",{"title":439,"path":440,"stem":441,"description":3047,"icon":416,"children":-1},"在结束本章之前，我们还需要学一些很简单的小知识。",1784618097624]