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p",[1028,1057,1058,1059,1037],{},"delete",[920,1060],{},[1028,1062,1063,1064,1066],{},"释放 new",[920,1065],{}," 表达式申请到的内存（见下文）",[926,1068,918,1069,1071,1072,1075,1076,1044,1079,1082,1083,1085,1086,1089],{},[920,1070],{}," 表达式的写法是 ",[937,1073,1074],{},"@\"new\" T\"[\"n\"]\"@","，它可以申请 ",[937,1077,1078],{},"@n@",[937,1080,1081],{},"@T@"," 类型的空间并初始化，最后将其中首个空间的地址作为表达式的结果值。所以，new",[920,1084],{}," 的返回值类型为 ",[937,1087,1088],{},"@T* @"," 类型的地址：",[930,1091,1093],{"className":932,"code":1092,"language":934,"meta":935,"style":935},"int* ptr{new int[4]};\n",[937,1094,1095],{"__ignoreMap":935},[920,1096,1097,1100,1102,1105,1107,1109,1111,1113],{"class":941,"line":942},[920,1098,1099],{"class":957},"int",[920,1101,981],{"class":953},[920,1103,1104],{"class":977}," ptr",[920,1106,987],{"class":953},[920,1108,958],{"class":957},[920,1110,961],{"class":953},[920,1112,964],{"class":945},[920,1114,1115],{"class":953},"]};\n",[926,1117,1118,1119,1122,1123,1125,1126,1128],{},"这里，",[937,1120,1121],{},"ptr"," 指向刚刚申请到的 4 个连续的 ",[937,1124,1099],{}," 存储空间中的首个 ",[937,1127,1099],{},"。所以你可以通过指针的算术运算来获取这四个空间：",[930,1130,1132],{"className":932,"code":1131,"language":934,"meta":935,"style":935},"int* ptr{new int[4]};\n*ptr = 1;        \u002F\u002F 第一个\n*(ptr + 1) = 2;  \u002F\u002F 第二个\n*(ptr + 2) = 3;  \u002F\u002F 第三个\n*(ptr + 3) = 4;  \u002F\u002F 第四个\n",[937,1133,1134,1152,1171,1197,1220],{"__ignoreMap":935},[920,1135,1136,1138,1140,1142,1144,1146,1148,1150],{"class":941,"line":942},[920,1137,1099],{"class":957},[920,1139,981],{"class":953},[920,1141,1104],{"class":977},[920,1143,987],{"class":953},[920,1145,958],{"class":957},[920,1147,961],{"class":953},[920,1149,964],{"class":945},[920,1151,1115],{"class":953},[920,1153,1154,1156,1159,1162,1165,1168],{"class":941,"line":974},[920,1155,981],{"class":953},[920,1157,1158],{"class":977},"ptr ",[920,1160,1161],{"class":953},"=",[920,1163,1164],{"class":945}," 1",[920,1166,1167],{"class":953},";",[920,1169,1170],{"class":970},"        \u002F\u002F 第一个\n",[920,1172,1174,1177,1179,1182,1184,1187,1189,1192,1194],{"class":941,"line":1173},3,[920,1175,1176],{"class":953},"*(",[920,1178,1158],{"class":977},[920,1180,1181],{"class":953},"+",[920,1183,1164],{"class":945},[920,1185,1186],{"class":953},")",[920,1188,954],{"class":953},[920,1190,1191],{"class":945}," 2",[920,1193,1167],{"class":953},[920,1195,1196],{"class":970},"  \u002F\u002F 第二个\n",[920,1198,1200,1202,1204,1206,1208,1210,1212,1215,1217],{"class":941,"line":1199},4,[920,1201,1176],{"class":953},[920,1203,1158],{"class":977},[920,1205,1181],{"class":953},[920,1207,1191],{"class":945},[920,1209,1186],{"class":953},[920,1211,954],{"class":953},[920,1213,1214],{"class":945}," 3",[920,1216,1167],{"class":953},[920,1218,1219],{"class":970},"  \u002F\u002F 第三个\n",[920,1221,1223,1225,1227,1229,1231,1233,1235,1238,1240],{"class":941,"line":1222},5,[920,1224,1176],{"class":953},[920,1226,1158],{"class":977},[920,1228,1181],{"class":953},[920,1230,1214],{"class":945},[920,1232,1186],{"class":953},[920,1234,954],{"class":953},[920,1236,1237],{"class":945}," 4",[920,1239,1167],{"class":953},[920,1241,1242],{"class":970},"  \u002F\u002F 第四个\n",[926,1244,1245,1246,1249,1250,1253,1254,1258],{},"由于我们说过，",[937,1247,1248],{},"*(a + b)"," 严格等价于 ",[937,1251,1252],{},"a[b]","，所以还可以 ",[1255,1256,1257],"em",{},"像"," 数组一样访问：",[930,1260,1262],{"className":932,"code":1261,"language":934,"meta":935,"style":935},"int* ptr{new int[4]};\nptr[0] = 1;  \u002F\u002F 第一个\nptr[1] = 2;  \u002F\u002F 第二个\nptr[2] = 3;  \u002F\u002F 第三个\nptr[3] = 4;  \u002F\u002F 第四个\n",[937,1263,1264,1282,1303,1322,1341],{"__ignoreMap":935},[920,1265,1266,1268,1270,1272,1274,1276,1278,1280],{"class":941,"line":942},[920,1267,1099],{"class":957},[920,1269,981],{"class":953},[920,1271,1104],{"class":977},[920,1273,987],{"class":953},[920,1275,958],{"class":957},[920,1277,961],{"class":953},[920,1279,964],{"class":945},[920,1281,1115],{"class":953},[920,1283,1284,1286,1288,1291,1294,1296,1298,1300],{"class":941,"line":974},[920,1285,1121],{"class":977},[920,1287,961],{"class":953},[920,1289,1290],{"class":945},"0",[920,1292,1293],{"class":953},"]",[920,1295,954],{"class":953},[920,1297,1164],{"class":945},[920,1299,1167],{"class":953},[920,1301,1302],{"class":970},"  \u002F\u002F 第一个\n",[920,1304,1305,1307,1309,1312,1314,1316,1318,1320],{"class":941,"line":1173},[920,1306,1121],{"class":977},[920,1308,961],{"class":953},[920,1310,1311],{"class":945},"1",[920,1313,1293],{"class":953},[920,1315,954],{"class":953},[920,1317,1191],{"class":945},[920,1319,1167],{"class":953},[920,1321,1196],{"class":970},[920,1323,1324,1326,1328,1331,1333,1335,1337,1339],{"class":941,"line":1199},[920,1325,1121],{"class":977},[920,1327,961],{"class":953},[920,1329,1330],{"class":945},"2",[920,1332,1293],{"class":953},[920,1334,954],{"class":953},[920,1336,1214],{"class":945},[920,1338,1167],{"class":953},[920,1340,1219],{"class":970},[920,1342,1343,1345,1347,1350,1352,1354,1356,1358],{"class":941,"line":1222},[920,1344,1121],{"class":977},[920,1346,961],{"class":953},[920,1348,1349],{"class":945},"3",[920,1351,1293],{"class":953},[920,1353,954],{"class":953},[920,1355,1237],{"class":945},[920,1357,1167],{"class":953},[920,1359,1242],{"class":970},[926,1361,1362,1363,1365],{},"不过仍然注意，这里的 ",[937,1364,1121],{}," 仍是一个指针而非一个数组：",[930,1367,1369],{"className":932,"code":1368,"language":934,"meta":935,"style":935},"sizeof(ptr); \u002F\u002F 等价于 sizeof(int*)，而非 sizeof(int[4])\n",[937,1370,1371],{"__ignoreMap":935},[920,1372,1373,1376,1378,1381],{"class":941,"line":942},[920,1374,1375],{"class":953},"sizeof(",[920,1377,1121],{"class":977},[920,1379,1380],{"class":953},");",[920,1382,1383],{"class":970}," \u002F\u002F 等价于 sizeof(int*)，而非 sizeof(int[4])\n",[926,1385,1386,1387,1393,1394,1396],{},"这样来看，",[1388,1389,918,1390,1392],"strong",{},[920,1391],{}," 表达式和数组没有直接关系","。所以这时并不限制申请的内存大小 ",[937,1395,1078],{}," 是常量，只要是一个非负整数即可：",[930,1398,1400],{"className":932,"code":1399,"language":934,"meta":935,"style":935},"unsigned int n;\ncin >> n;\nint* ptr{new int[n]};\n",[937,1401,1402,1415,1427],{"__ignoreMap":935},[920,1403,1404,1407,1409,1412],{"class":941,"line":942},[920,1405,1406],{"class":957},"unsigned",[920,1408,958],{"class":957},[920,1410,1411],{"class":977}," n",[920,1413,1414],{"class":953},";\n",[920,1416,1417,1420,1423,1425],{"class":941,"line":974},[920,1418,1419],{"class":977},"cin ",[920,1421,1422],{"class":953},">>",[920,1424,1411],{"class":977},[920,1426,1414],{"class":953},[920,1428,1429,1431,1433,1435,1437,1439,1441,1443],{"class":941,"line":1173},[920,1430,1099],{"class":957},[920,1432,981],{"class":953},[920,1434,1104],{"class":977},[920,1436,987],{"class":953},[920,1438,958],{"class":957},[920,1440,961],{"class":953},[920,1442,1043],{"class":990},[920,1444,1115],{"class":953},[1446,1447,1448],"blockquote",{},[926,1449,1450,1451,1453,1454,1457],{},"而且 ",[937,1452,1121],{}," 可以出现在赋值号左侧。（除非你很清楚你在做什么，否则不要这样：",[937,1455,1456],{},"ptr = nullptr;"," 是合法语句，但是这样写会导致内存泄漏。）",[926,1459,918,1460,1462],{},[920,1461],{}," 表达式也可在其后添加初始化器：",[930,1464,1466],{"className":932,"code":1465,"language":934,"meta":935,"style":935},"ptr = new int[4]{1, 2, 3, 4};\n",[937,1467,1468],{"__ignoreMap":935},[920,1469,1470,1472,1474,1477,1479,1481,1483,1486,1488,1491,1493,1495,1497,1499,1501],{"class":941,"line":942},[920,1471,1158],{"class":977},[920,1473,1161],{"class":953},[920,1475,1476],{"class":953}," new",[920,1478,958],{"class":957},[920,1480,961],{"class":953},[920,1482,964],{"class":945},[920,1484,1485],{"class":953},"]{",[920,1487,1311],{"class":945},[920,1489,1490],{"class":953},",",[920,1492,1191],{"class":945},[920,1494,1490],{"class":953},[920,1496,1214],{"class":945},[920,1498,1490],{"class":953},[920,1500,1237],{"class":945},[920,1502,1503],{"class":953},"};\n",[926,1505,1506],{},"这是聚合初始化，会用列表中的值依次初始化获得的一系列内存；其余内存零初始化。在提供初始化器时，大小可以省略（尽管一般不这样做）。",[926,1508,918,1509,1511,1512,1514],{},[920,1510],{}," 表达式申请到的内存需要通过 delete",[920,1513],{}," 表达式来释放：",[930,1516,1518],{"className":932,"code":1517,"language":934,"meta":935,"style":935},"int* ptr{new int[4]};\n\u002F\u002F [...]\ndelete[] ptr;\n",[937,1519,1520,1538,1543],{"__ignoreMap":935},[920,1521,1522,1524,1526,1528,1530,1532,1534,1536],{"class":941,"line":942},[920,1523,1099],{"class":957},[920,1525,981],{"class":953},[920,1527,1104],{"class":977},[920,1529,987],{"class":953},[920,1531,958],{"class":957},[920,1533,961],{"class":953},[920,1535,964],{"class":945},[920,1537,1115],{"class":953},[920,1539,1540],{"class":941,"line":974},[920,1541,1542],{"class":970},"\u002F\u002F [...]\n",[920,1544,1545,1548,1550],{"class":941,"line":1173},[920,1546,1547],{"class":953},"delete[]",[920,1549,1104],{"class":977},[920,1551,1414],{"class":953},[926,1553,1554,1555,1557,1558,1560,1561,1563,1564,1566,1567,1569,1570,1572,1573,1575],{},"这里，你甚至可以把 ",[937,1556,1547],{}," 整体当做一个关键字，它和 ",[937,1559,1058],{}," 是不同的。",[937,1562,1058],{}," 只会释放 ",[937,1565,1121],{}," 指向的一块内存，而 ",[937,1568,1547],{}," 会释放 ",[937,1571,1121],{}," 及后面的总共 ",[937,1574,1078],{}," 块连续内存。",[926,1577,1578,1579,1582,1583,1585,1586,1588,1589,1591,1592,1595],{},"::: danger\n",[937,1580,1581],{},"new[]"," 完不 ",[937,1584,1547],{}," 会导致严重的内存泄漏问题。",[937,1587,1581],{}," 完只 ",[937,1590,1058],{}," 是不够的，因为还有 ",[937,1593,1594],{},"@n \"- 1\"@"," 块后续内存未被释放。\n:::",[926,1597,918,1598,922,1600,1602],{},[920,1599],{},[920,1601],{}," 表达式是 C++ 中实现动态大小“数组”的唯一方式。而且，你无法通过这种方式创建在“两个维度上动态”的“数组”。",[1446,1604,1605],{},[926,1606,1607,1608,1610,1611,1613,1614,1617,1618,1620,1621,1623,1624,1627,1628,1631,1632,1635],{},"不同于 new 表达式，new",[920,1609],{}," 表达式允许 ",[937,1612,1047],{}," 是数组类型，比如：",[937,1615,1616],{},"int(*ptr)[5]{new int[n][5]};","，声明指针 ",[937,1619,1121],{}," 指向 ",[937,1622,1043],{}," 个 ",[937,1625,1626],{},"int[5]"," 类型数组的第一个。所以，这里面仍然只有一个“维度”是动态分配的，即 ",[937,1629,1630],{},"new[n][M]"," 中 ",[937,1633,1634],{},"M"," 必须是常量。",[1446,1637,1638],{},[926,1639,1640,1641,1644,1645,1647],{},"允许 ",[937,1642,1643],{},"new T[0]","。尽管这样不会分配任何可使用的内存，但对其进行 ",[937,1646,1547],{}," 仍是必需的。",[1649,1650,1651],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sbssI, html code.shiki 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