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",[931,1032,1033],{},"cin.getline()",[922,1035,1036,1037,1039,1040,1043,1044,1048,1049,1052],{},"第二种用法是 ",[931,1038,1033],{},"。你可以把 ",[931,1041,1042],{},"cin.getline"," 当成一个函数。这个函数可以接收两个参数：",[1045,1046,1047],"em",{},"字符数组"," 和 ",[1045,1050,1051],{},"最大长度","。如：",[941,1054,1056],{"className":943,"code":1055,"language":945,"meta":946,"style":946},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    char a[30]{};\n    cin.getline(a, 30);\n    cout \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n",[931,1057,1058,1074,1088,1104,1118,1144,1163],{"__ignoreMap":946},[950,1059,1060,1064,1067,1071],{"class":952,"line":953},[950,1061,1063],{"class":1062},"s7zQu","#include",[950,1065,1066],{"class":964}," \u003C",[950,1068,1070],{"class":1069},"sfazB","iostream",[950,1072,1073],{"class":964},">\n",[950,1075,1076,1079,1082,1086],{"class":952,"line":975},[950,1077,1078],{"class":968},"using",[950,1080,1081],{"class":956}," namespace",[950,1083,1085],{"class":1084},"sBMFI"," std",[950,1087,986],{"class":964},[950,1089,1091,1094,1098,1101],{"class":952,"line":1090},3,[950,1092,1093],{"class":956},"int",[950,1095,1097],{"class":1096},"s2Zo4"," main",[950,1099,1100],{"class":964},"()",[950,1102,1103],{"class":964}," {\n",[950,1105,1107,1110,1112,1114,1116],{"class":952,"line":1106},4,[950,1108,1109],{"class":956},"    char",[950,1111,961],{"class":960},[950,1113,965],{"class":964},[950,1115,969],{"class":968},[950,1117,972],{"class":964},[950,1119,1121,1124,1127,1130,1133,1135,1138,1141],{"class":952,"line":1120},5,[950,1122,1123],{"class":960},"    cin",[950,1125,1126],{"class":964},".",[950,1128,1129],{"class":1096},"getline",[950,1131,1132],{"class":964},"(",[950,1134,1008],{"class":960},[950,1136,1137],{"class":964},",",[950,1139,1140],{"class":968}," 30",[950,1142,1143],{"class":964},");\n",[950,1145,1147,1150,1153,1156,1158,1161],{"class":952,"line":1146},6,[950,1148,1149],{"class":960},"    cout ",[950,1151,1152],{"class":964},"\u003C\u003C",[950,1154,1155],{"class":960}," a ",[950,1157,1152],{"class":964},[950,1159,1160],{"class":960}," endl",[950,1162,986],{"class":964},[950,1164,1166],{"class":952,"line":1165},7,[950,1167,1168],{"class":964},"}\n",[922,1170,1171,1172,1174],{},"此时，你可以自由地输入任何大小不超过 30 的字符串。",[931,1173,1033],{}," 将一直读到换行符才会停止：",[1176,1177,1178],"io-block",{},[922,1179,1180],{},"¶Reading input!↵\nReading input!",[922,1182,1183,1184,1186,1187,1189,1190,1193,1194,1196,1197,1200],{},"当输入的字符个数超过 ",[1045,1185,1051],{}," 时会发生截断。比如上例中 ",[931,1188,1033],{}," 限制为 30 个，那么读取的时候只会将前 29 个字符和 ",[931,1191,1192],{},"'\\0'"," 存入数组 ",[931,1195,1008],{},"，剩下的字符仍然停留在缓冲区中而不被读取。同时，会导致 ",[931,1198,1199],{},"cin"," 进入失败状态。关于失败状态的详细讨论将会在后面的章节中展开。",[1176,1202,1203],{},[922,1204,1205],{},"¶abcdefghijabcdefghijabcdefghijabcdefghij↵\nabcdefghijabcdefghijabcdefghi",[922,1207,1208,1209,1211,1212,1214],{},"（相比 ",[931,1210,933],{},"，使用 ",[931,1213,1033],{}," 不会导致数组越界这种危险的事情发生。）",[922,1216,1217,1218,1220,1221,1224],{},"默认情况下，",[931,1219,1033],{}," 遇到换行符才会终止。如果你愿意的话，你可以设置为别的字符，只需给它多提供一个参数就可以。比如我想让它读到字符 ",[931,1222,1223],{},"'r'"," 停止，那么就：",[941,1226,1228],{"className":943,"code":1227,"language":945,"meta":946,"style":946},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    char a[30]{};\n    cin.getline(a, 30, 'r'); \u002F\u002F 最后再添加一个参数\n    cout \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n",[931,1229,1230,1240,1250,1260,1272,1306,1320],{"__ignoreMap":946},[950,1231,1232,1234,1236,1238],{"class":952,"line":953},[950,1233,1063],{"class":1062},[950,1235,1066],{"class":964},[950,1237,1070],{"class":1069},[950,1239,1073],{"class":964},[950,1241,1242,1244,1246,1248],{"class":952,"line":975},[950,1243,1078],{"class":968},[950,1245,1081],{"class":956},[950,1247,1085],{"class":1084},[950,1249,986],{"class":964},[950,1251,1252,1254,1256,1258],{"class":952,"line":1090},[950,1253,1093],{"class":956},[950,1255,1097],{"class":1096},[950,1257,1100],{"class":964},[950,1259,1103],{"class":964},[950,1261,1262,1264,1266,1268,1270],{"class":952,"line":1106},[950,1263,1109],{"class":956},[950,1265,961],{"class":960},[950,1267,965],{"class":964},[950,1269,969],{"class":968},[950,1271,972],{"class":964},[950,1273,1274,1276,1278,1280,1282,1284,1286,1288,1290,1293,1296,1299,1302],{"class":952,"line":1120},[950,1275,1123],{"class":960},[950,1277,1126],{"class":964},[950,1279,1129],{"class":1096},[950,1281,1132],{"class":964},[950,1283,1008],{"class":960},[950,1285,1137],{"class":964},[950,1287,1140],{"class":968},[950,1289,1137],{"class":964},[950,1291,1292],{"class":964}," '",[950,1294,1295],{"class":1069},"r",[950,1297,1298],{"class":964},"'",[950,1300,1301],{"class":964},");",[950,1303,1305],{"class":1304},"sHwdD"," \u002F\u002F 最后再添加一个参数\n",[950,1307,1308,1310,1312,1314,1316,1318],{"class":952,"line":1146},[950,1309,1149],{"class":960},[950,1311,1152],{"class":964},[950,1313,1155],{"class":960},[950,1315,1152],{"class":964},[950,1317,1160],{"class":960},[950,1319,986],{"class":964},[950,1321,1322],{"class":952,"line":1165},[950,1323,1168],{"class":964},[922,1325,1326],{},"运行结果如：",[1176,1328,1329],{},[922,1330,1331],{},"¶Hello, world!↵\nHello, wo",[922,1333,1334,1335,1337,1338,1341],{},"注意，当 ",[931,1336,1033],{}," 读到终止字符的时候，会将其从缓冲区中",[998,1339,1340],{},"拿走并抛弃","，然后再向字符数组中存储一个空字符以示结束。",[926,1343,1345,1346],{"id":1344},"_3-cinget","3. ",[931,1347,1348],{},"cin.get()",[922,1350,1351,1353,1354,1356],{},[931,1352,1348],{}," 也可以当做一个函数，它的用法和 ",[931,1355,1033],{}," 几乎完全一致。比如：",[941,1358,1360],{"className":943,"code":1359,"language":945,"meta":946,"style":946},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    char a[30]{};\n    char b[30]{};\n    cin.get(a, 10);      \u002F\u002F 设置最大长度为 10，默认终止字符为换行 '\\n'\n    cin.get(b, 30, 'r'); \u002F\u002F 设置终止字符为 'r'\n    cout \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C b \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n",[931,1361,1362,1372,1382,1392,1404,1417,1440,1470,1485,1501],{"__ignoreMap":946},[950,1363,1364,1366,1368,1370],{"class":952,"line":953},[950,1365,1063],{"class":1062},[950,1367,1066],{"class":964},[950,1369,1070],{"class":1069},[950,1371,1073],{"class":964},[950,1373,1374,1376,1378,1380],{"class":952,"line":975},[950,1375,1078],{"class":968},[950,1377,1081],{"class":956},[950,1379,1085],{"class":1084},[950,1381,986],{"class":964},[950,1383,1384,1386,1388,1390],{"class":952,"line":1090},[950,1385,1093],{"class":956},[950,1387,1097],{"class":1096},[950,1389,1100],{"class":964},[950,1391,1103],{"class":964},[950,1393,1394,1396,1398,1400,1402],{"class":952,"line":1106},[950,1395,1109],{"class":956},[950,1397,961],{"class":960},[950,1399,965],{"class":964},[950,1401,969],{"class":968},[950,1403,972],{"class":964},[950,1405,1406,1408,1411,1413,1415],{"class":952,"line":1120},[950,1407,1109],{"class":956},[950,1409,1410],{"class":960}," b",[950,1412,965],{"class":964},[950,1414,969],{"class":968},[950,1416,972],{"class":964},[950,1418,1419,1421,1423,1426,1428,1430,1432,1435,1437],{"class":952,"line":1146},[950,1420,1123],{"class":960},[950,1422,1126],{"class":964},[950,1424,1425],{"class":1096},"get",[950,1427,1132],{"class":964},[950,1429,1008],{"class":960},[950,1431,1137],{"class":964},[950,1433,1434],{"class":968}," 10",[950,1436,1301],{"class":964},[950,1438,1439],{"class":1304},"      \u002F\u002F 设置最大长度为 10，默认终止字符为换行 '\\n'\n",[950,1441,1442,1444,1446,1448,1450,1453,1455,1457,1459,1461,1463,1465,1467],{"class":952,"line":1165},[950,1443,1123],{"class":960},[950,1445,1126],{"class":964},[950,1447,1425],{"class":1096},[950,1449,1132],{"class":964},[950,1451,1452],{"class":960},"b",[950,1454,1137],{"class":964},[950,1456,1140],{"class":968},[950,1458,1137],{"class":964},[950,1460,1292],{"class":964},[950,1462,1295],{"class":1069},[950,1464,1298],{"class":964},[950,1466,1301],{"class":964},[950,1468,1469],{"class":1304}," \u002F\u002F 设置终止字符为 'r'\n",[950,1471,1473,1475,1477,1479,1481,1483],{"class":952,"line":1472},8,[950,1474,1149],{"class":960},[950,1476,1152],{"class":964},[950,1478,1155],{"class":960},[950,1480,1152],{"class":964},[950,1482,1160],{"class":960},[950,1484,986],{"class":964},[950,1486,1488,1490,1492,1495,1497,1499],{"class":952,"line":1487},9,[950,1489,1149],{"class":960},[950,1491,1152],{"class":964},[950,1493,1494],{"class":960}," b ",[950,1496,1152],{"class":964},[950,1498,1160],{"class":960},[950,1500,986],{"class":964},[950,1502,1504],{"class":952,"line":1503},10,[950,1505,1168],{"class":964},[1176,1507,1508],{},[922,1509,1510],{},"¶Hi, C++!↵\n¶How are you?↵\nHi, C++!\nHow a",[922,1512,1513,1514,1048,1516,1518,1519,1521,1522,1525],{},"是的，非常相似——不过为什么输出多了一个换行？这就是 ",[931,1515,1348],{},[931,1517,1033],{}," 唯一不同的地方了：",[931,1520,1348],{}," 遇到终止字符后，",[998,1523,1524],{},"并不会从缓冲区中拿走它","。因此，在输入完第一行后，缓冲区内是这些字符：",[941,1527,1532],{"className":1528,"code":1530,"language":1531},[1529],"language-text","缓冲区：{'H', 'i', ',', ' ', 'C', '+', '+', '!', '\\n'}\n","text",[931,1533,1530],{"__ignoreMap":946},[922,1535,1536,1537,1540,1541,1543,1544,1546],{},"由于 ",[931,1538,1539],{},"'\\n'"," 是终止字符，所以读取到 ",[931,1542,1539],{}," 就会停止。但是 ",[931,1545,1539],{}," 仍然残留在缓冲区中……",[941,1548,1551],{"className":1549,"code":1550,"language":1531},[1529],"数组 a：{'H', 'i', ',', ' ', 'C', '+', '+', '!', '\\0', ... }\n缓冲区：{'\\n'}\n",[931,1552,1550],{"__ignoreMap":946},[922,1554,1555,1556,1559,1560,1562,1563,1565],{},"所以执行 ",[931,1557,1558],{},"cin.get(b, 30, 'r')"," 的时候，首先会把这个 ",[931,1561,1539],{}," 读取出来，直到遇到 ",[931,1564,1223],{}," 才会停止：",[941,1567,1570],{"className":1568,"code":1569,"language":1531},[1529],"数组 b：{'\\n', 'H', 'o', 'w', ' ', 'a', '\\0', ...}\n缓冲区：{'r', 'e', ' ', 'y', 'o', 'u', '?', '\\n'}\n",[931,1571,1569],{"__ignoreMap":946},[922,1573,1574,1575,1577,1578,1580],{},"同样地，",[931,1576,1223],{}," 及后面的字符全部滞留在了缓冲区中。之后在输出 ",[931,1579,1452],{}," 的时候，会输出最开始的换行符，所以多了一个换行。",[918,1582,1583],{"id":1583},"字符输入",[922,1585,1586,1587,1589],{},"下面我们来学习如何输入一个字符类型的变量。（当然了，这里就是指 ",[931,1588,957],{}," 类型。）",[926,1591,929,1593],{"id":1592},"_1-cin-1",[931,1594,933],{},[922,1596,1597,1599,1600,1602],{},[931,1598,933],{}," 是最简单的输入到 ",[931,1601,957],{}," 的方法。我们在第一、二章中就已经很频繁地使用了。",[941,1604,1606],{"className":943,"code":1605,"language":945,"meta":946,"style":946},"char a;\ncin >> a;\n",[931,1607,1608,1616],{"__ignoreMap":946},[950,1609,1610,1612,1614],{"class":952,"line":953},[950,1611,957],{"class":956},[950,1613,961],{"class":960},[950,1615,986],{"class":964},[950,1617,1618,1620,1622,1624],{"class":952,"line":975},[950,1619,978],{"class":960},[950,1621,981],{"class":964},[950,1623,961],{"class":960},[950,1625,986],{"class":964},[922,1627,1628,1629,1631,1632,1634],{},"但是问题仍然存在，就是 ",[931,1630,933],{}," 会忽略空格、Tab 和换行符（它们称为空白字符）。因此想把空格输入到一个 ",[931,1633,957],{}," 型变量是不能这样做的：",[941,1636,1638],{"className":943,"code":1637,"language":945,"meta":946,"style":946},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    char a, b, c;\n    cin >> a >> b >> c;\n    cout \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C b \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C c \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n",[931,1639,1640,1650,1660,1670,1687,1706,1720,1734,1749],{"__ignoreMap":946},[950,1641,1642,1644,1646,1648],{"class":952,"line":953},[950,1643,1063],{"class":1062},[950,1645,1066],{"class":964},[950,1647,1070],{"class":1069},[950,1649,1073],{"class":964},[950,1651,1652,1654,1656,1658],{"class":952,"line":975},[950,1653,1078],{"class":968},[950,1655,1081],{"class":956},[950,1657,1085],{"class":1084},[950,1659,986],{"class":964},[950,1661,1662,1664,1666,1668],{"class":952,"line":1090},[950,1663,1093],{"class":956},[950,1665,1097],{"class":1096},[950,1667,1100],{"class":964},[950,1669,1103],{"class":964},[950,1671,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680,1682,1685],{"class":952,"line":1106},[950,1673,1109],{"class":956},[950,1675,961],{"class":960},[950,1677,1137],{"class":964},[950,1679,1410],{"class":960},[950,1681,1137],{"class":964},[950,1683,1684],{"class":960}," c",[950,1686,986],{"class":964},[950,1688,1689,1692,1694,1696,1698,1700,1702,1704],{"class":952,"line":1120},[950,1690,1691],{"class":960},"    cin ",[950,1693,981],{"class":964},[950,1695,1155],{"class":960},[950,1697,981],{"class":964},[950,1699,1494],{"class":960},[950,1701,981],{"class":964},[950,1703,1684],{"class":960},[950,1705,986],{"class":964},[950,1707,1708,1710,1712,1714,1716,1718],{"class":952,"line":1146},[950,1709,1149],{"class":960},[950,1711,1152],{"class":964},[950,1713,1155],{"class":960},[950,1715,1152],{"class":964},[950,1717,1160],{"class":960},[950,1719,986],{"class":964},[950,1721,1722,1724,1726,1728,1730,1732],{"class":952,"line":1165},[950,1723,1149],{"class":960},[950,1725,1152],{"class":964},[950,1727,1494],{"class":960},[950,1729,1152],{"class":964},[950,1731,1160],{"class":960},[950,1733,986],{"class":964},[950,1735,1736,1738,1740,1743,1745,1747],{"class":952,"line":1472},[950,1737,1149],{"class":960},[950,1739,1152],{"class":964},[950,1741,1742],{"class":960}," c ",[950,1744,1152],{"class":964},[950,1746,1160],{"class":960},[950,1748,986],{"class":964},[950,1750,1751],{"class":952,"line":1487},[950,1752,1168],{"class":964},[922,1754,1755],{},"输入的空格会被跳过：",[1176,1757,1758,1761,1763],{},[922,1759,1760],{},"¶@ #$↵\n@",[915,1762],{"id":946},[922,1764,1765],{},"$",[922,1767,1768],{},"这个时候就需要换一种方法了。",[926,1770,1030,1772],{"id":1771},"_2-cinget",[931,1773,1348],{},[922,1775,1776,1777,1779,1780,1782,1783,1785],{},"你可以用 ",[931,1778,1348],{}," 来替换 ",[931,1781,933],{},"，从而允许输入空格、Tab 和换行到 ",[931,1784,957],{}," 型变量中。它的用法是这样的：",[941,1787,1789],{"className":943,"code":1788,"language":945,"meta":946,"style":946},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    char a, b, c;\n    cin.get(a);  \u002F\u002F 输入到 a\n    cin.get(b);  \u002F\u002F 输入到 b\n    cin.get(c);  \u002F\u002F 输入到 c\n    cout \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C b \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C c \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n",[931,1790,1791,1801,1811,1821,1837,1854,1871,1889,1903,1917,1931],{"__ignoreMap":946},[950,1792,1793,1795,1797,1799],{"class":952,"line":953},[950,1794,1063],{"class":1062},[950,1796,1066],{"class":964},[950,1798,1070],{"class":1069},[950,1800,1073],{"class":964},[950,1802,1803,1805,1807,1809],{"class":952,"line":975},[950,1804,1078],{"class":968},[950,1806,1081],{"class":956},[950,1808,1085],{"class":1084},[950,1810,986],{"class":964},[950,1812,1813,1815,1817,1819],{"class":952,"line":1090},[950,1814,1093],{"class":956},[950,1816,1097],{"class":1096},[950,1818,1100],{"class":964},[950,1820,1103],{"class":964},[950,1822,1823,1825,1827,1829,1831,1833,1835],{"class":952,"line":1106},[950,1824,1109],{"class":956},[950,1826,961],{"class":960},[950,1828,1137],{"class":964},[950,1830,1410],{"class":960},[950,1832,1137],{"class":964},[950,1834,1684],{"class":960},[950,1836,986],{"class":964},[950,1838,1839,1841,1843,1845,1847,1849,1851],{"class":952,"line":1120},[950,1840,1123],{"class":960},[950,1842,1126],{"class":964},[950,1844,1425],{"class":1096},[950,1846,1132],{"class":964},[950,1848,1008],{"class":960},[950,1850,1301],{"class":964},[950,1852,1853],{"class":1304},"  \u002F\u002F 输入到 a\n",[950,1855,1856,1858,1860,1862,1864,1866,1868],{"class":952,"line":1146},[950,1857,1123],{"class":960},[950,1859,1126],{"class":964},[950,1861,1425],{"class":1096},[950,1863,1132],{"class":964},[950,1865,1452],{"class":960},[950,1867,1301],{"class":964},[950,1869,1870],{"class":1304},"  \u002F\u002F 输入到 b\n",[950,1872,1873,1875,1877,1879,1881,1884,1886],{"class":952,"line":1165},[950,1874,1123],{"class":960},[950,1876,1126],{"class":964},[950,1878,1425],{"class":1096},[950,1880,1132],{"class":964},[950,1882,1883],{"class":960},"c",[950,1885,1301],{"class":964},[950,1887,1888],{"class":1304},"  \u002F\u002F 输入到 c\n",[950,1890,1891,1893,1895,1897,1899,1901],{"class":952,"line":1472},[950,1892,1149],{"class":960},[950,1894,1152],{"class":964},[950,1896,1155],{"class":960},[950,1898,1152],{"class":964},[950,1900,1160],{"class":960},[950,1902,986],{"class":964},[950,1904,1905,1907,1909,1911,1913,1915],{"class":952,"line":1487},[950,1906,1149],{"class":960},[950,1908,1152],{"class":964},[950,1910,1494],{"class":960},[950,1912,1152],{"class":964},[950,1914,1160],{"class":960},[950,1916,986],{"class":964},[950,1918,1919,1921,1923,1925,1927,1929],{"class":952,"line":1503},[950,1920,1149],{"class":960},[950,1922,1152],{"class":964},[950,1924,1742],{"class":960},[950,1926,1152],{"class":964},[950,1928,1160],{"class":960},[950,1930,986],{"class":964},[950,1932,1934],{"class":952,"line":1933},11,[950,1935,1168],{"class":964},[922,1937,1938],{},"这个时候空格就可以存入变量中：",[1176,1940,1941,1943],{},[922,1942,1760],{},[915,1944],{"id":1945},"_1",[922,1947,1948,1949,1951],{},"除此之外，",[931,1950,1348],{}," 还有另一种形式，它的效果是完全相同的：",[941,1953,1955],{"className":943,"code":1954,"language":945,"meta":946,"style":946},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    char a, b, c;\n    a = cin.get();  \u002F\u002F 输入到 a\n    b = cin.get();  \u002F\u002F 输入到 b\n    c = cin.get();  \u002F\u002F 输入到 c\n    cout \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C b \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C c \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n",[931,1956,1957,1967,1977,1987,2003,2023,2040,2057,2071,2085,2099],{"__ignoreMap":946},[950,1958,1959,1961,1963,1965],{"class":952,"line":953},[950,1960,1063],{"class":1062},[950,1962,1066],{"class":964},[950,1964,1070],{"class":1069},[950,1966,1073],{"class":964},[950,1968,1969,1971,1973,1975],{"class":952,"line":975},[950,1970,1078],{"class":968},[950,1972,1081],{"class":956},[950,1974,1085],{"class":1084},[950,1976,986],{"class":964},[950,1978,1979,1981,1983,1985],{"class":952,"line":1090},[950,1980,1093],{"class":956},[950,1982,1097],{"class":1096},[950,1984,1100],{"class":964},[950,1986,1103],{"class":964},[950,1988,1989,1991,1993,1995,1997,1999,2001],{"class":952,"line":1106},[950,1990,1109],{"class":956},[950,1992,961],{"class":960},[950,1994,1137],{"class":964},[950,1996,1410],{"class":960},[950,1998,1137],{"class":964},[950,2000,1684],{"class":960},[950,2002,986],{"class":964},[950,2004,2005,2008,2011,2014,2016,2018,2021],{"class":952,"line":1120},[950,2006,2007],{"class":960},"    a ",[950,2009,2010],{"class":964},"=",[950,2012,2013],{"class":960}," cin",[950,2015,1126],{"class":964},[950,2017,1425],{"class":1096},[950,2019,2020],{"class":964},"();",[950,2022,1853],{"class":1304},[950,2024,2025,2028,2030,2032,2034,2036,2038],{"class":952,"line":1146},[950,2026,2027],{"class":960},"    b ",[950,2029,2010],{"class":964},[950,2031,2013],{"class":960},[950,2033,1126],{"class":964},[950,2035,1425],{"class":1096},[950,2037,2020],{"class":964},[950,2039,1870],{"class":1304},[950,2041,2042,2045,2047,2049,2051,2053,2055],{"class":952,"line":1165},[950,2043,2044],{"class":960},"    c ",[950,2046,2010],{"class":964},[950,2048,2013],{"class":960},[950,2050,1126],{"class":964},[950,2052,1425],{"class":1096},[950,2054,2020],{"class":964},[950,2056,1888],{"class":1304},[950,2058,2059,2061,2063,2065,2067,2069],{"class":952,"line":1472},[950,2060,1149],{"class":960},[950,2062,1152],{"class":964},[950,2064,1155],{"class":960},[950,2066,1152],{"class":964},[950,2068,1160],{"class":960},[950,2070,986],{"class":964},[950,2072,2073,2075,2077,2079,2081,2083],{"class":952,"line":1487},[950,2074,1149],{"class":960},[950,2076,1152],{"class":964},[950,2078,1494],{"class":960},[950,2080,1152],{"class":964},[950,2082,1160],{"class":960},[950,2084,986],{"class":964},[950,2086,2087,2089,2091,2093,2095,2097],{"class":952,"line":1503},[950,2088,1149],{"class":960},[950,2090,1152],{"class":964},[950,2092,1742],{"class":960},[950,2094,1152],{"class":964},[950,2096,1160],{"class":960},[950,2098,986],{"class":964},[950,2100,2101],{"class":952,"line":1933},[950,2102,1168],{"class":964},[922,2104,2105],{},"这种形式的输入在某些场合特别有用。",[918,2107,2108],{"id":2108},"输入其它",[922,2110,2111,2112,2114,2115,2118,2119,2121,2122,2124],{},"我们也知道 ",[931,2113,933],{}," 还可用于输入整数、浮点数等。这里面并没有太多新知识，唯需了解",[998,2116,2117],{},"空白字符是这类输入的终止字符","，即当 ",[931,2120,933],{}," 读取数时遇到空格、Tab和换行就会终止此次读取。同样地，",[931,2123,933],{}," 读取数时遇到空白字符也会忽略，所以",[1176,2126,2127],{},[922,2128,2129],{},"¶42     56↵",[922,2131,2132],{},"和",[1176,2134,2135],{},[922,2136,2137],{},"¶42↵\n¶↵\n¶↵\n¶↵\n¶↵\n¶  56↵",[922,2139,2140],{},"的效果是一致的：这些空白字符都会被忽略。",[918,2142,2143],{"id":2143},"注意事项",[922,2145,2146,2148,2149,2151],{},[931,2147,1348],{}," 在输入字符串的时候会残留终止字符，这件事情上文已经细致地说明了。因此这样的代码会让 ",[931,2150,1452],{}," “空手而归”：",[941,2153,2155],{"className":943,"code":2154,"language":945,"meta":946,"style":946},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    char a[30]{};\n    char b[30]{};\n    cin.get(a, 30, '!');\n    cin.get(b, 30, '!');\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"a is: \" \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"b is: \" \u003C\u003C b \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n",[931,2156,2157,2167,2177,2187,2199,2211,2238,2264,2290,2313],{"__ignoreMap":946},[950,2158,2159,2161,2163,2165],{"class":952,"line":953},[950,2160,1063],{"class":1062},[950,2162,1066],{"class":964},[950,2164,1070],{"class":1069},[950,2166,1073],{"class":964},[950,2168,2169,2171,2173,2175],{"class":952,"line":975},[950,2170,1078],{"class":968},[950,2172,1081],{"class":956},[950,2174,1085],{"class":1084},[950,2176,986],{"class":964},[950,2178,2179,2181,2183,2185],{"class":952,"line":1090},[950,2180,1093],{"class":956},[950,2182,1097],{"class":1096},[950,2184,1100],{"class":964},[950,2186,1103],{"class":964},[950,2188,2189,2191,2193,2195,2197],{"class":952,"line":1106},[950,2190,1109],{"class":956},[950,2192,961],{"class":960},[950,2194,965],{"class":964},[950,2196,969],{"class":968},[950,2198,972],{"class":964},[950,2200,2201,2203,2205,2207,2209],{"class":952,"line":1120},[950,2202,1109],{"class":956},[950,2204,1410],{"class":960},[950,2206,965],{"class":964},[950,2208,969],{"class":968},[950,2210,972],{"class":964},[950,2212,2213,2215,2217,2219,2221,2223,2225,2227,2229,2231,2234,2236],{"class":952,"line":1146},[950,2214,1123],{"class":960},[950,2216,1126],{"class":964},[950,2218,1425],{"class":1096},[950,2220,1132],{"class":964},[950,2222,1008],{"class":960},[950,2224,1137],{"class":964},[950,2226,1140],{"class":968},[950,2228,1137],{"class":964},[950,2230,1292],{"class":964},[950,2232,2233],{"class":1069},"!",[950,2235,1298],{"class":964},[950,2237,1143],{"class":964},[950,2239,2240,2242,2244,2246,2248,2250,2252,2254,2256,2258,2260,2262],{"class":952,"line":1165},[950,2241,1123],{"class":960},[950,2243,1126],{"class":964},[950,2245,1425],{"class":1096},[950,2247,1132],{"class":964},[950,2249,1452],{"class":960},[950,2251,1137],{"class":964},[950,2253,1140],{"class":968},[950,2255,1137],{"class":964},[950,2257,1292],{"class":964},[950,2259,2233],{"class":1069},[950,2261,1298],{"class":964},[950,2263,1143],{"class":964},[950,2265,2266,2268,2270,2273,2276,2279,2282,2284,2286,2288],{"class":952,"line":1472},[950,2267,1149],{"class":960},[950,2269,1152],{"class":964},[950,2271,2272],{"class":964}," \"",[950,2274,2275],{"class":1069},"a is: ",[950,2277,2278],{"class":964},"\"",[950,2280,2281],{"class":964}," \u003C\u003C",[950,2283,1155],{"class":960},[950,2285,1152],{"class":964},[950,2287,1160],{"class":960},[950,2289,986],{"class":964},[950,2291,2292,2294,2296,2298,2301,2303,2305,2307,2309,2311],{"class":952,"line":1487},[950,2293,1149],{"class":960},[950,2295,1152],{"class":964},[950,2297,2272],{"class":964},[950,2299,2300],{"class":1069},"b is: ",[950,2302,2278],{"class":964},[950,2304,2281],{"class":964},[950,2306,1494],{"class":960},[950,2308,1152],{"class":964},[950,2310,1160],{"class":960},[950,2312,986],{"class":964},[950,2314,2315],{"class":952,"line":1503},[950,2316,1168],{"class":964},[1176,2318,2319],{},[922,2320,2321],{},"¶First string!Second string!↵\na is: First string\nb is:",[922,2323,2324,2325,2328,2329,2331,2332,2334,2335,2337,2338,2340],{},"因为第 6 行输入完成之后残留 ",[931,2326,2327],{},"'!'"," 在缓冲区中，当第 7 行再次 ",[931,2330,1348],{}," 时，一上来就是终止字符，所以会直接向 ",[931,2333,1452],{}," 中输入表示结束的空字符并停止读入。接下来再多的 ",[931,2336,1348],{},"，只要它读取字符串的终止字符还是 ",[931,2339,2327],{},"，它仍然无济于事，啥也读不到。",[922,2342,2343,2344,2346,2347,2349],{},"这个时候，你可以通过读入字符的 ",[931,2345,1348],{}," ，将残留的 ",[931,2348,2233],{}," “吃掉”，打破这一僵局。",[941,2351,2353],{"className":943,"code":2352,"language":945,"meta":946,"style":946},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    char a[30]{};\n    char b[30]{};\n    cin.get(a, 30, '!');\n    char temp;           \u002F\u002F 把残留的 '!' 读取到临时字符变量 temp 中\n    cin.get(temp);       \u002F\u002F 当然你可以直接用一句 `cin.get();`，无需声明额外变量\n    cin.get(b, 30, '!');\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"a is: \" \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"b is: \" \u003C\u003C b \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n",[931,2354,2355,2365,2375,2385,2397,2409,2435,2448,2466,2492,2514,2536],{"__ignoreMap":946},[950,2356,2357,2359,2361,2363],{"class":952,"line":953},[950,2358,1063],{"class":1062},[950,2360,1066],{"class":964},[950,2362,1070],{"class":1069},[950,2364,1073],{"class":964},[950,2366,2367,2369,2371,2373],{"class":952,"line":975},[950,2368,1078],{"class":968},[950,2370,1081],{"class":956},[950,2372,1085],{"class":1084},[950,2374,986],{"class":964},[950,2376,2377,2379,2381,2383],{"class":952,"line":1090},[950,2378,1093],{"class":956},[950,2380,1097],{"class":1096},[950,2382,1100],{"class":964},[950,2384,1103],{"class":964},[950,2386,2387,2389,2391,2393,2395],{"class":952,"line":1106},[950,2388,1109],{"class":956},[950,2390,961],{"class":960},[950,2392,965],{"class":964},[950,2394,969],{"class":968},[950,2396,972],{"class":964},[950,2398,2399,2401,2403,2405,2407],{"class":952,"line":1120},[950,2400,1109],{"class":956},[950,2402,1410],{"class":960},[950,2404,965],{"class":964},[950,2406,969],{"class":968},[950,2408,972],{"class":964},[950,2410,2411,2413,2415,2417,2419,2421,2423,2425,2427,2429,2431,2433],{"class":952,"line":1146},[950,2412,1123],{"class":960},[950,2414,1126],{"class":964},[950,2416,1425],{"class":1096},[950,2418,1132],{"class":964},[950,2420,1008],{"class":960},[950,2422,1137],{"class":964},[950,2424,1140],{"class":968},[950,2426,1137],{"class":964},[950,2428,1292],{"class":964},[950,2430,2233],{"class":1069},[950,2432,1298],{"class":964},[950,2434,1143],{"class":964},[950,2436,2437,2439,2442,2445],{"class":952,"line":1165},[950,2438,1109],{"class":956},[950,2440,2441],{"class":960}," temp",[950,2443,2444],{"class":964},";",[950,2446,2447],{"class":1304},"           \u002F\u002F 把残留的 '!' 读取到临时字符变量 temp 中\n",[950,2449,2450,2452,2454,2456,2458,2461,2463],{"class":952,"line":1472},[950,2451,1123],{"class":960},[950,2453,1126],{"class":964},[950,2455,1425],{"class":1096},[950,2457,1132],{"class":964},[950,2459,2460],{"class":960},"temp",[950,2462,1301],{"class":964},[950,2464,2465],{"class":1304},"       \u002F\u002F 当然你可以直接用一句 `cin.get();`，无需声明额外变量\n",[950,2467,2468,2470,2472,2474,2476,2478,2480,2482,2484,2486,2488,2490],{"class":952,"line":1487},[950,2469,1123],{"class":960},[950,2471,1126],{"class":964},[950,2473,1425],{"class":1096},[950,2475,1132],{"class":964},[950,2477,1452],{"class":960},[950,2479,1137],{"class":964},[950,2481,1140],{"class":968},[950,2483,1137],{"class":964},[950,2485,1292],{"class":964},[950,2487,2233],{"class":1069},[950,2489,1298],{"class":964},[950,2491,1143],{"class":964},[950,2493,2494,2496,2498,2500,2502,2504,2506,2508,2510,2512],{"class":952,"line":1503},[950,2495,1149],{"class":960},[950,2497,1152],{"class":964},[950,2499,2272],{"class":964},[950,2501,2275],{"class":1069},[950,2503,2278],{"class":964},[950,2505,2281],{"class":964},[950,2507,1155],{"class":960},[950,2509,1152],{"class":964},[950,2511,1160],{"class":960},[950,2513,986],{"class":964},[950,2515,2516,2518,2520,2522,2524,2526,2528,2530,2532,2534],{"class":952,"line":1933},[950,2517,1149],{"class":960},[950,2519,1152],{"class":964},[950,2521,2272],{"class":964},[950,2523,2300],{"class":1069},[950,2525,2278],{"class":964},[950,2527,2281],{"class":964},[950,2529,1494],{"class":960},[950,2531,1152],{"class":964},[950,2533,1160],{"class":960},[950,2535,986],{"class":964},[950,2537,2539],{"class":952,"line":2538},12,[950,2540,1168],{"class":964},[922,2542,2543,2544,2546,2547,2550,2551,2553,2554,2557,2558,2560,2561,2563],{},"对于 ",[931,2545,933],{},"，也有同样的问题。比如这段代码输入 ",[931,2548,2549],{},"Hello @"," 后，",[931,2552,1452],{}," 并没有读入 ",[931,2555,2556],{},"'@'","，而是读入了之前那个空格。因为 ",[931,2559,933],{}," 也不会处理残留的空格、Tab 和换行符，所以这个时候你可能需要再加入一个临时的 ",[931,2562,1348],{}," 来消除影响。",[941,2565,2567],{"className":943,"code":2566,"language":945,"meta":946,"style":946},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    char a[30]{};\n    cin >> a; \u002F\u002F 这里仅用字符串演示；然而cin>>读取字符和数的时候也会发生类似的情形\n    char b;\n    cin.get(b);\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"a is: \" \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"b is: \" \u003C\u003C b \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n",[931,2568,2569,2579,2589,2599,2611,2624,2632,2646,2668,2690],{"__ignoreMap":946},[950,2570,2571,2573,2575,2577],{"class":952,"line":953},[950,2572,1063],{"class":1062},[950,2574,1066],{"class":964},[950,2576,1070],{"class":1069},[950,2578,1073],{"class":964},[950,2580,2581,2583,2585,2587],{"class":952,"line":975},[950,2582,1078],{"class":968},[950,2584,1081],{"class":956},[950,2586,1085],{"class":1084},[950,2588,986],{"class":964},[950,2590,2591,2593,2595,2597],{"class":952,"line":1090},[950,2592,1093],{"class":956},[950,2594,1097],{"class":1096},[950,2596,1100],{"class":964},[950,2598,1103],{"class":964},[950,2600,2601,2603,2605,2607,2609],{"class":952,"line":1106},[950,2602,1109],{"class":956},[950,2604,961],{"class":960},[950,2606,965],{"class":964},[950,2608,969],{"class":968},[950,2610,972],{"class":964},[950,2612,2613,2615,2617,2619,2621],{"class":952,"line":1120},[950,2614,1691],{"class":960},[950,2616,981],{"class":964},[950,2618,961],{"class":960},[950,2620,2444],{"class":964},[950,2622,2623],{"class":1304}," \u002F\u002F 这里仅用字符串演示；然而cin>>读取字符和数的时候也会发生类似的情形\n",[950,2625,2626,2628,2630],{"class":952,"line":1146},[950,2627,1109],{"class":956},[950,2629,1410],{"class":960},[950,2631,986],{"class":964},[950,2633,2634,2636,2638,2640,2642,2644],{"class":952,"line":1165},[950,2635,1123],{"class":960},[950,2637,1126],{"class":964},[950,2639,1425],{"class":1096},[950,2641,1132],{"class":964},[950,2643,1452],{"class":960},[950,2645,1143],{"class":964},[950,2647,2648,2650,2652,2654,2656,2658,2660,2662,2664,2666],{"class":952,"line":1472},[950,2649,1149],{"class":960},[950,2651,1152],{"class":964},[950,2653,2272],{"class":964},[950,2655,2275],{"class":1069},[950,2657,2278],{"class":964},[950,2659,2281],{"class":964},[950,2661,1155],{"class":960},[950,2663,1152],{"class":964},[950,2665,1160],{"class":960},[950,2667,986],{"class":964},[950,2669,2670,2672,2674,2676,2678,2680,2682,2684,2686,2688],{"class":952,"line":1487},[950,2671,1149],{"class":960},[950,2673,1152],{"class":964},[950,2675,2272],{"class":964},[950,2677,2300],{"class":1069},[950,2679,2278],{"class":964},[950,2681,2281],{"class":964},[950,2683,1494],{"class":960},[950,2685,1152],{"class":964},[950,2687,1160],{"class":960},[950,2689,986],{"class":964},[950,2691,2692],{"class":952,"line":1503},[950,2693,1168],{"class":964},[2695,2696,2697],"blockquote",{},[922,2698,2699,2700,2703,2704,2706,2707,2709],{},"在处理残留字符时，也可以用 ",[931,2701,2702],{},"cin.ignore()"," 来代替 ",[931,2705,1348],{},"。它的作用是抛弃缓冲区的下一个字符，和 ",[931,2708,1348],{}," 的区别是返回值不同。",[2711,2712,2713],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki .spNyl{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .sTEyZ, html code.shiki .sTEyZ{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-dark:#BABED8}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .sbssI, html code.shiki .sbssI{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#F78C6C;--shiki-dark:#F78C6C}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s7zQu, html code.shiki .s7zQu{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki .sBMFI{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}html pre.shiki code .s2Zo4, html code.shiki .s2Zo4{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#82AAFF;--shiki-dark:#82AAFF}html pre.shiki code .sHwdD, html code.shiki .sHwdD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#546E7A;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#676E95;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":946,"searchDepth":953,"depth":975,"links":2715},[2716,2724,2729,2730],{"id":920,"depth":975,"text":920,"children":2717},[2718,2720,2722],{"id":928,"depth":1090,"text":2719},"1. cin >>",{"id":1029,"depth":1090,"text":2721},"2. cin.getline()",{"id":1344,"depth":1090,"text":2723},"3. cin.get()",{"id":1583,"depth":975,"text":1583,"children":2725},[2726,2727],{"id":1592,"depth":1090,"text":2719},{"id":1771,"depth":1090,"text":2728},"2. cin.get()",{"id":2108,"depth":975,"text":2108},{"id":2143,"depth":975,"text":2143},"想要输入一个字符串到字符数组，一般有三种方法","md",null,{},{"icon":326},{"title":77,"description":2731},"Zo3zd_oZyqC-SsdcOO6L-OiLI_U_hWoEambn2HL0VHc",[2739,2740],{"title":321,"path":322,"stem":323,"description":321,"icon":326,"children":-1},{"title":331,"path":332,"stem":333,"description":2741,"icon":326,"children":-1},"当 cin 读取到的东西和它所期望的不符合时，就会进入失败状态。比如这些操作",1784618120119]