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",[936,1052,1053],{"class":946},"\u003C",[936,1055,1056],{"class":960}," 5",[936,1058,1047],{"class":946},[936,1060,1061],{"class":997}," i",[936,1063,1064],{"class":946},"++)",[936,1066,988],{"class":946},[936,1068,1070,1074,1077,1079,1081,1084,1087,1090,1093,1095],{"class":938,"line":1069},7,[936,1071,1073],{"class":1072},"swJcz","        cout ",[936,1075,1076],{"class":946},"\u003C\u003C",[936,1078,1015],{"class":997},[936,1080,1018],{"class":946},[936,1082,1083],{"class":1072},"i",[936,1085,1086],{"class":946},"]",[936,1088,1089],{"class":946}," \u003C\u003C",[936,1091,1092],{"class":946}," \"",[936,1094,1092],{"class":946},[936,1096,972],{"class":946},[936,1098,1100],{"class":938,"line":1099},8,[936,1101,1102],{"class":946},"    }\n",[936,1104,1106],{"class":938,"line":1105},9,[936,1107,1108],{"class":946},"}\n",[922,1110,1111,1112,1114,1115,1118,1119,1121,1122,1125],{},"答案是有的。因为 ",[933,1113,1021],{}," 是一个变量但不是常量，所以它不能用作数组 ",[933,1116,1117],{},"a"," 的长度。（如果读者对此感到困惑：明明 ",[933,1120,1021],{}," 初始化为 5 了啊，它的值应该能确定啊？事实上不是这样的，变量的初始化在运行时才会执行，而数组的大小要求在编译期间就能得到。编译器没办法“提前感知”这个大小。）所以如果编译器足够严格的话，会报类似 ",[933,1123,1124],{},"ISO C++ forbids variable length array"," 的错误。那么这样呢？",[926,1127,1129],{"className":928,"code":1128,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    int n{5};\n    const int m{n};\n    int a[m]{};\n    for (int i{0}; i \u003C 5; i++) {\n        cout \u003C\u003C a[i] \u003C\u003C \" \";\n    }\n}\n",[933,1130,1131,1141,1151,1161,1173,1190,1203,1233,1255,1259],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,1132,1133,1135,1137,1139],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,1134,943],{"class":942},[936,1136,947],{"class":946},[936,1138,951],{"class":950},[936,1140,954],{"class":946},[936,1142,1143,1145,1147,1149],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,1144,961],{"class":960},[936,1146,965],{"class":964},[936,1148,969],{"class":968},[936,1150,972],{"class":946},[936,1152,1153,1155,1157,1159],{"class":938,"line":975},[936,1154,978],{"class":964},[936,1156,982],{"class":981},[936,1158,985],{"class":946},[936,1160,988],{"class":946},[936,1162,1163,1165,1167,1169,1171],{"class":938,"line":991},[936,1164,994],{"class":964},[936,1166,998],{"class":997},[936,1168,1001],{"class":946},[936,1170,1004],{"class":960},[936,1172,1007],{"class":946},[936,1174,1175,1178,1181,1184,1186,1188],{"class":938,"line":1010},[936,1176,1177],{"class":964},"    const",[936,1179,1180],{"class":964}," int",[936,1182,1183],{"class":997}," m",[936,1185,1001],{"class":946},[936,1187,1021],{"class":1072},[936,1189,1007],{"class":946},[936,1191,1192,1194,1196,1198,1201],{"class":938,"line":1027},[936,1193,994],{"class":964},[936,1195,1015],{"class":997},[936,1197,1018],{"class":946},[936,1199,1200],{"class":997},"m",[936,1202,1024],{"class":946},[936,1204,1205,1207,1209,1211,1213,1215,1217,1219,1221,1223,1225,1227,1229,1231],{"class":938,"line":1069},[936,1206,1030],{"class":942},[936,1208,1033],{"class":946},[936,1210,978],{"class":964},[936,1212,1038],{"class":997},[936,1214,1041],{"class":960},[936,1216,1044],{"class":997},[936,1218,1047],{"class":946},[936,1220,1050],{"class":997},[936,1222,1053],{"class":946},[936,1224,1056],{"class":960},[936,1226,1047],{"class":946},[936,1228,1061],{"class":997},[936,1230,1064],{"class":946},[936,1232,988],{"class":946},[936,1234,1235,1237,1239,1241,1243,1245,1247,1249,1251,1253],{"class":938,"line":1099},[936,1236,1073],{"class":1072},[936,1238,1076],{"class":946},[936,1240,1015],{"class":997},[936,1242,1018],{"class":946},[936,1244,1083],{"class":1072},[936,1246,1086],{"class":946},[936,1248,1089],{"class":946},[936,1250,1092],{"class":946},[936,1252,1092],{"class":946},[936,1254,972],{"class":946},[936,1256,1257],{"class":938,"line":1105},[936,1258,1102],{"class":946},[936,1260,1262],{"class":938,"line":1261},10,[936,1263,1108],{"class":946},[922,1265,1266,1267,1269,1270,1272,1273,1276],{},"这样也是不行的。因为变量 ",[933,1268,1200],{}," 仅仅是",[1117,1271,123],{"href":124},"，但它不是常量（非常量初始化）。所以我们也不能这样写。正确的做法是使用常量作为数组大小。最简单的做法是只用字面量（如 ",[933,1274,1275],{},"int a[5]{};","），但是这样的话会有一些小麻烦。在某些场合中，我们可能声明并定义了一堆相同长度的数组：",[926,1278,1280],{"className":928,"code":1279,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"int a[5]{};\nint b[5]{};\nint c[5]{};\n\u002F\u002F [...]\n",[933,1281,1282,1294,1307,1320],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,1283,1284,1286,1288,1290,1292],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,1285,978],{"class":964},[936,1287,1015],{"class":997},[936,1289,1018],{"class":946},[936,1291,1004],{"class":960},[936,1293,1024],{"class":946},[936,1295,1296,1298,1301,1303,1305],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,1297,978],{"class":964},[936,1299,1300],{"class":997}," b",[936,1302,1018],{"class":946},[936,1304,1004],{"class":960},[936,1306,1024],{"class":946},[936,1308,1309,1311,1314,1316,1318],{"class":938,"line":975},[936,1310,978],{"class":964},[936,1312,1313],{"class":997}," c",[936,1315,1018],{"class":946},[936,1317,1004],{"class":960},[936,1319,1024],{"class":946},[936,1321,1322],{"class":938,"line":991},[936,1323,1325],{"class":1324},"sHwdD","\u002F\u002F [...]\n",[922,1327,1328,1329,1332],{},"这个时候若想同时修改它们的长度，就需要进行多次改动。如果用 ",[933,1330,1331],{},"constexpr"," 变量来作为数组长度：",[926,1334,1336],{"className":928,"code":1335,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"constexpr int N{5};\nint a[N]{};\nint b[N]{};\nint c[N]{};\n\u002F\u002F [...]\n",[933,1337,1338,1353,1366,1378,1390],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,1339,1340,1342,1344,1347,1349,1351],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,1341,1331],{"class":964},[936,1343,1180],{"class":964},[936,1345,1346],{"class":997}," N",[936,1348,1001],{"class":946},[936,1350,1004],{"class":960},[936,1352,1007],{"class":946},[936,1354,1355,1357,1359,1361,1364],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,1356,978],{"class":964},[936,1358,1015],{"class":997},[936,1360,1018],{"class":946},[936,1362,1363],{"class":997},"N",[936,1365,1024],{"class":946},[936,1367,1368,1370,1372,1374,1376],{"class":938,"line":975},[936,1369,978],{"class":964},[936,1371,1300],{"class":997},[936,1373,1018],{"class":946},[936,1375,1363],{"class":997},[936,1377,1024],{"class":946},[936,1379,1380,1382,1384,1386,1388],{"class":938,"line":991},[936,1381,978],{"class":964},[936,1383,1313],{"class":997},[936,1385,1018],{"class":946},[936,1387,1363],{"class":997},[936,1389,1024],{"class":946},[936,1391,1392],{"class":938,"line":1010},[936,1393,1325],{"class":1324},[922,1395,1396,1397,1399],{},"则只需修改一次 ",[933,1398,1363],{}," 的值就能实现批量修改数组大小。回到最初的代码，这是我更推荐的写法。",[926,1401,1403],{"className":928,"code":1402,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    constexpr int N{5};\n    int a[N]{};\n    for (int i{0}; i \u003C 5; i++) {\n        cout \u003C\u003C a[i] \u003C\u003C \" \";\n    }\n}\n",[933,1404,1405,1415,1425,1435,1450,1462,1492,1514,1518],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,1406,1407,1409,1411,1413],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,1408,943],{"class":942},[936,1410,947],{"class":946},[936,1412,951],{"class":950},[936,1414,954],{"class":946},[936,1416,1417,1419,1421,1423],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,1418,961],{"class":960},[936,1420,965],{"class":964},[936,1422,969],{"class":968},[936,1424,972],{"class":946},[936,1426,1427,1429,1431,1433],{"class":938,"line":975},[936,1428,978],{"class":964},[936,1430,982],{"class":981},[936,1432,985],{"class":946},[936,1434,988],{"class":946},[936,1436,1437,1440,1442,1444,1446,1448],{"class":938,"line":991},[936,1438,1439],{"class":964},"    constexpr",[936,1441,1180],{"class":964},[936,1443,1346],{"class":997},[936,1445,1001],{"class":946},[936,1447,1004],{"class":960},[936,1449,1007],{"class":946},[936,1451,1452,1454,1456,1458,1460],{"class":938,"line":1010},[936,1453,994],{"class":964},[936,1455,1015],{"class":997},[936,1457,1018],{"class":946},[936,1459,1363],{"class":997},[936,1461,1024],{"class":946},[936,1463,1464,1466,1468,1470,1472,1474,1476,1478,1480,1482,1484,1486,1488,1490],{"class":938,"line":1027},[936,1465,1030],{"class":942},[936,1467,1033],{"class":946},[936,1469,978],{"class":964},[936,1471,1038],{"class":997},[936,1473,1041],{"class":960},[936,1475,1044],{"class":997},[936,1477,1047],{"class":946},[936,1479,1050],{"class":997},[936,1481,1053],{"class":946},[936,1483,1056],{"class":960},[936,1485,1047],{"class":946},[936,1487,1061],{"class":997},[936,1489,1064],{"class":946},[936,1491,988],{"class":946},[936,1493,1494,1496,1498,1500,1502,1504,1506,1508,1510,1512],{"class":938,"line":1069},[936,1495,1073],{"class":1072},[936,1497,1076],{"class":946},[936,1499,1015],{"class":997},[936,1501,1018],{"class":946},[936,1503,1083],{"class":1072},[936,1505,1086],{"class":946},[936,1507,1089],{"class":946},[936,1509,1092],{"class":946},[936,1511,1092],{"class":946},[936,1513,972],{"class":946},[936,1515,1516],{"class":938,"line":1099},[936,1517,1102],{"class":946},[936,1519,1520],{"class":938,"line":1105},[936,1521,1108],{"class":946},[1523,1524,1525],"blockquote",{},[922,1526,1527,1528,1531,1532,1535],{},"C++ 对数组大小是常量有着严格的限制，但是 C 语言没有这样的要求。因此许多编译器也允许那些不标准的用法。如果你使用 GCC 编译器的话，我建议将 ",[933,1529,1530],{},"-pedantic"," 或 ",[933,1533,1534],{},"-pedantic-errors"," （可理解为严格模式）开关启用以防止这种错误的用法。",[922,1537,1538],{},"除此之外，很显然地，数组的大小必须是正数（意味着不存在拥有零个元素的数组）。",[1523,1540,1541],{},[922,1542,1543,1544,1547,1548,1551],{},"C++ 要求数组的大小求值后可隐式转换为 ",[933,1545,1546],{},"std::size_t"," 类型。在某些编译器下，这个类型与 ",[933,1549,1550],{},"unsigned long long"," 等价。",[918,1553,1554],{"id":1554},"初始化器",[922,1556,1557],{},"最容易理解的初始化器长成这样：",[926,1559,1561],{"className":928,"code":1560,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"int a[5]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};\n",[933,1562,1563],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,1564,1565,1567,1569,1571,1573,1576,1579,1582,1585,1587,1590,1592,1595,1597,1599],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,1566,978],{"class":964},[936,1568,1015],{"class":997},[936,1570,1018],{"class":946},[936,1572,1004],{"class":960},[936,1574,1575],{"class":946},"]{",[936,1577,1578],{"class":960},"1",[936,1580,1581],{"class":946},",",[936,1583,1584],{"class":960}," 2",[936,1586,1581],{"class":946},[936,1588,1589],{"class":960}," 3",[936,1591,1581],{"class":946},[936,1593,1594],{"class":960}," 4",[936,1596,1581],{"class":946},[936,1598,1056],{"class":960},[936,1600,1007],{"class":946},[922,1602,1603,1604,1607,1608,1607,1611,1607,1614,1607,1617,1620],{},"对于大小为 5 的数组，初始化器内恰好有 5 个值，分别对应 ",[933,1605,1606],{},"a[0]"," ",[933,1609,1610],{},"a[1]",[933,1612,1613],{},"a[2]",[933,1615,1616],{},"a[3]",[933,1618,1619],{},"a[4]","。其次是比元素个数少的初始化器，比如：",[926,1622,1624],{"className":928,"code":1623,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"int a[5]{1, 2, 3};\n",[933,1625,1626],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,1627,1628,1630,1632,1634,1636,1638,1640,1642,1644,1646,1648],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,1629,978],{"class":964},[936,1631,1015],{"class":997},[936,1633,1018],{"class":946},[936,1635,1004],{"class":960},[936,1637,1575],{"class":946},[936,1639,1578],{"class":960},[936,1641,1581],{"class":946},[936,1643,1584],{"class":960},[936,1645,1581],{"class":946},[936,1647,1589],{"class":960},[936,1649,1007],{"class":946},[1651,1652],"h6",{"id":1653},"idx_零初始化",[922,1655,1656,1657,1607,1659,1661,1662,1664,1665,1607,1667,1607,1670,1673,1674,1678],{},"这个时候，",[933,1658,1606],{},[933,1660,1610],{}," 和 ",[933,1663,1613],{}," 分别被初始化为 ",[933,1666,1578],{},[933,1668,1669],{},"2",[933,1671,1672],{},"3","，然后剩余的元素采用",[1675,1676,1677],"strong",{},"零初始化","（Zero initialization）——也就是初始化为零值。因此这段代码",[926,1680,1682],{"className":928,"code":1681,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    int a[5]{1, 2, 3};\n    for (int i{0}; i \u003C 5; i++) {\n        cout \u003C\u003C a[i] \u003C\u003C \" \";\n    }\n}\n",[933,1683,1684,1694,1704,1714,1738,1768,1790,1794],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,1685,1686,1688,1690,1692],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,1687,943],{"class":942},[936,1689,947],{"class":946},[936,1691,951],{"class":950},[936,1693,954],{"class":946},[936,1695,1696,1698,1700,1702],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,1697,961],{"class":960},[936,1699,965],{"class":964},[936,1701,969],{"class":968},[936,1703,972],{"class":946},[936,1705,1706,1708,1710,1712],{"class":938,"line":975},[936,1707,978],{"class":964},[936,1709,982],{"class":981},[936,1711,985],{"class":946},[936,1713,988],{"class":946},[936,1715,1716,1718,1720,1722,1724,1726,1728,1730,1732,1734,1736],{"class":938,"line":991},[936,1717,994],{"class":964},[936,1719,1015],{"class":997},[936,1721,1018],{"class":946},[936,1723,1004],{"class":960},[936,1725,1575],{"class":946},[936,1727,1578],{"class":960},[936,1729,1581],{"class":946},[936,1731,1584],{"class":960},[936,1733,1581],{"class":946},[936,1735,1589],{"class":960},[936,1737,1007],{"class":946},[936,1739,1740,1742,1744,1746,1748,1750,1752,1754,1756,1758,1760,1762,1764,1766],{"class":938,"line":1010},[936,1741,1030],{"class":942},[936,1743,1033],{"class":946},[936,1745,978],{"class":964},[936,1747,1038],{"class":997},[936,1749,1041],{"class":960},[936,1751,1044],{"class":997},[936,1753,1047],{"class":946},[936,1755,1050],{"class":997},[936,1757,1053],{"class":946},[936,1759,1056],{"class":960},[936,1761,1047],{"class":946},[936,1763,1061],{"class":997},[936,1765,1064],{"class":946},[936,1767,988],{"class":946},[936,1769,1770,1772,1774,1776,1778,1780,1782,1784,1786,1788],{"class":938,"line":1027},[936,1771,1073],{"class":1072},[936,1773,1076],{"class":946},[936,1775,1015],{"class":997},[936,1777,1018],{"class":946},[936,1779,1083],{"class":1072},[936,1781,1086],{"class":946},[936,1783,1089],{"class":946},[936,1785,1092],{"class":946},[936,1787,1092],{"class":946},[936,1789,972],{"class":946},[936,1791,1792],{"class":938,"line":1069},[936,1793,1102],{"class":946},[936,1795,1796],{"class":938,"line":1099},[936,1797,1108],{"class":946},[922,1799,1800,1801,1804],{},"的输出结果为 ",[933,1802,1803],{},"1 2 3 0 0","。",[922,1806,1807],{},"如果初始化器内留空，那么所有元素都会采用零初始化。这段代码",[926,1809,1811],{"className":928,"code":1810,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    int a[5]{}; \u002F\u002F 全部零初始化\n    for (int i{0}; i \u003C 5; i++) {\n        cout \u003C\u003C a[i] \u003C\u003C \" \";\n    }\n}\n",[933,1812,1813,1823,1833,1843,1859,1889,1911,1915],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,1814,1815,1817,1819,1821],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,1816,943],{"class":942},[936,1818,947],{"class":946},[936,1820,951],{"class":950},[936,1822,954],{"class":946},[936,1824,1825,1827,1829,1831],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,1826,961],{"class":960},[936,1828,965],{"class":964},[936,1830,969],{"class":968},[936,1832,972],{"class":946},[936,1834,1835,1837,1839,1841],{"class":938,"line":975},[936,1836,978],{"class":964},[936,1838,982],{"class":981},[936,1840,985],{"class":946},[936,1842,988],{"class":946},[936,1844,1845,1847,1849,1851,1853,1856],{"class":938,"line":991},[936,1846,994],{"class":964},[936,1848,1015],{"class":997},[936,1850,1018],{"class":946},[936,1852,1004],{"class":960},[936,1854,1855],{"class":946},"]{};",[936,1857,1858],{"class":1324}," \u002F\u002F 全部零初始化\n",[936,1860,1861,1863,1865,1867,1869,1871,1873,1875,1877,1879,1881,1883,1885,1887],{"class":938,"line":1010},[936,1862,1030],{"class":942},[936,1864,1033],{"class":946},[936,1866,978],{"class":964},[936,1868,1038],{"class":997},[936,1870,1041],{"class":960},[936,1872,1044],{"class":997},[936,1874,1047],{"class":946},[936,1876,1050],{"class":997},[936,1878,1053],{"class":946},[936,1880,1056],{"class":960},[936,1882,1047],{"class":946},[936,1884,1061],{"class":997},[936,1886,1064],{"class":946},[936,1888,988],{"class":946},[936,1890,1891,1893,1895,1897,1899,1901,1903,1905,1907,1909],{"class":938,"line":1027},[936,1892,1073],{"class":1072},[936,1894,1076],{"class":946},[936,1896,1015],{"class":997},[936,1898,1018],{"class":946},[936,1900,1083],{"class":1072},[936,1902,1086],{"class":946},[936,1904,1089],{"class":946},[936,1906,1092],{"class":946},[936,1908,1092],{"class":946},[936,1910,972],{"class":946},[936,1912,1913],{"class":938,"line":1069},[936,1914,1102],{"class":946},[936,1916,1917],{"class":938,"line":1099},[936,1918,1108],{"class":946},[922,1920,1921,1922,1804],{},"的输出为 ",[933,1923,1924],{},"0 0 0 0 0",[1523,1926,1927],{},[922,1928,1929,1930,1804],{},"严格说，剩余的元素采用的是“值初始化”（Value initialization）。非类类型的值初始化就是零初始化（因此正文使用了“零初始化”来更形象地描述）；而类类型的值初始化则是",[1117,1931,1933],{"href":1932},"\u002Fch05\u002Fdefaulted_constructor#idx_%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96","默认初始化",[922,1935,1936],{},"但是，初始化器内部的值个数不能超过数组大小，否则导致编译错误：",[926,1938,1940],{"className":928,"code":1939,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    int a[5]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}; \u002F\u002F 错误\n}\n",[933,1941,1942,1952,1962,1972,2013],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,1943,1944,1946,1948,1950],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,1945,943],{"class":942},[936,1947,947],{"class":946},[936,1949,951],{"class":950},[936,1951,954],{"class":946},[936,1953,1954,1956,1958,1960],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,1955,961],{"class":960},[936,1957,965],{"class":964},[936,1959,969],{"class":968},[936,1961,972],{"class":946},[936,1963,1964,1966,1968,1970],{"class":938,"line":975},[936,1965,978],{"class":964},[936,1967,982],{"class":981},[936,1969,985],{"class":946},[936,1971,988],{"class":946},[936,1973,1974,1976,1978,1980,1982,1984,1986,1988,1990,1992,1994,1996,1998,2000,2002,2004,2007,2010],{"class":938,"line":991},[936,1975,994],{"class":964},[936,1977,1015],{"class":997},[936,1979,1018],{"class":946},[936,1981,1004],{"class":960},[936,1983,1575],{"class":946},[936,1985,1578],{"class":960},[936,1987,1581],{"class":946},[936,1989,1584],{"class":960},[936,1991,1581],{"class":946},[936,1993,1589],{"class":960},[936,1995,1581],{"class":946},[936,1997,1594],{"class":960},[936,1999,1581],{"class":946},[936,2001,1056],{"class":960},[936,2003,1581],{"class":946},[936,2005,2006],{"class":960}," 6",[936,2008,2009],{"class":946},"};",[936,2011,2012],{"class":1324}," \u002F\u002F 错误\n",[936,2014,2015],{"class":938,"line":1010},[936,2016,1108],{"class":946},[922,2018,2019],{},"最后还有一种初始化方法。它写成这样：",[926,2021,2023],{"className":928,"code":2022,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"int a[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};\n",[933,2024,2025],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,2026,2027,2029,2032,2034,2036,2038,2040,2042,2044,2046,2048,2050,2052,2054,2056],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,2028,978],{"class":964},[936,2030,2031],{"class":997}," a[]",[936,2033,1001],{"class":946},[936,2035,1578],{"class":960},[936,2037,1581],{"class":946},[936,2039,1584],{"class":960},[936,2041,1581],{"class":946},[936,2043,1589],{"class":960},[936,2045,1581],{"class":946},[936,2047,1594],{"class":960},[936,2049,1581],{"class":946},[936,2051,1056],{"class":960},[936,2053,1581],{"class":946},[936,2055,2006],{"class":960},[936,2057,1007],{"class":946},[922,2059,1656,2060,2062,2063,2065,2066,2068,2069,2071,2072,2075],{},[933,2061,1117],{}," 的大小留空；此时数组 ",[933,2064,1117],{}," 的大小则根据初始化器中值的个数自动推导。比如这里 ",[933,2067,1117],{}," 被推导为拥有 6 个 ",[933,2070,978],{}," 类型元素的数组，即 ",[933,2073,2074],{},"int[6]","，因为初始化器中提供了 6 个值。这是一种简略的写法，在某些情形下比较有用。",[1523,2077,2078],{},[922,2079,2080],{},"省略数组大小的前提是必须拥有初始化器，否则编译错误：不含初始化器且未指明大小的数组类型属于不完整类型；不完整类型的对象只能声明而不能定义。这种不完整类型称为“未知边界数组”，它在 C 语言里有一定用处，但是在 C++ 里经常招致麻烦。",[918,2082,2083],{"id":2083},"关于类型标识",[922,2085,2086],{},"你应当知道对于一般的变量来说，如下声明语句",[926,2088,2090],{"className":928,"code":2089,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"int a, b;\n",[933,2091,2092],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,2093,2094,2096,2098,2100,2102],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,2095,978],{"class":964},[936,2097,1015],{"class":997},[936,2099,1581],{"class":946},[936,2101,1300],{"class":997},[936,2103,972],{"class":946},[922,2105,2106,2107,1607,2109,2112,2113,2115],{},"会引入两个名为 ",[933,2108,1117],{},[933,2110,2111],{},"b"," 的 ",[933,2114,978],{}," 类型变量。但是对于数组来说，",[926,2117,2119],{"className":928,"code":2118,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"int a, b[10];\n",[933,2120,2121],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,2122,2123,2125,2127,2129,2131,2133,2136],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,2124,978],{"class":964},[936,2126,1015],{"class":997},[936,2128,1581],{"class":946},[936,2130,1300],{"class":997},[936,2132,1018],{"class":946},[936,2134,2135],{"class":960},"10",[936,2137,2138],{"class":946},"];\n",[922,2140,2141,2142,1661,2144,2146,2147,2149,2150,2152,2153,2155,2156,2159],{},"并不是将 ",[933,2143,1117],{},[933,2145,2111],{}," 都声明并定义为数组。实际上，这里 ",[933,2148,1117],{}," 仍然是一个 ",[933,2151,978],{}," 型变量，只有 ",[933,2154,2111],{}," 是一个 ",[933,2157,2158],{},"int[10]"," 数组。",[922,2161,2162],{},"所以道理就是，在一行声明语句声明多个名字时，只有中括号贴着的那个名字才能成为数组。比如",[926,2164,2166],{"className":928,"code":2165,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"int a[10], b;\n",[933,2167,2168],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,2169,2170,2172,2174,2176,2178,2181,2183],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,2171,978],{"class":964},[936,2173,1015],{"class":997},[936,2175,1018],{"class":946},[936,2177,2135],{"class":960},[936,2179,2180],{"class":946},"],",[936,2182,1300],{"class":997},[936,2184,972],{"class":946},[922,2186,2187,2188,2190,2191,2193,2194,2196,2197,2199],{},"中，",[933,2189,1117],{}," 是类型为 ",[933,2192,2158],{}," 的数组，而 ",[933,2195,2111],{}," 只是一个 ",[933,2198,978],{},"。如果想要让两者都成为数组，必须这样写：",[926,2201,2203],{"className":928,"code":2202,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"int a[10], b[10];\n",[933,2204,2205],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,2206,2207,2209,2211,2213,2215,2217,2219,2221,2223],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,2208,978],{"class":964},[936,2210,1015],{"class":997},[936,2212,1018],{"class":946},[936,2214,2135],{"class":960},[936,2216,2180],{"class":946},[936,2218,1300],{"class":997},[936,2220,1018],{"class":946},[936,2222,2135],{"class":960},[936,2224,2138],{"class":946},[922,2226,2227],{},"嗯，别忘了加上初始化器，否则里面的东西是不确定的：",[926,2229,2231],{"className":928,"code":2230,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"int a[10]{}, b[10]{};\n",[933,2232,2233],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,2234,2235,2237,2239,2241,2243,2246,2248,2250,2252],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,2236,978],{"class":964},[936,2238,1015],{"class":997},[936,2240,1018],{"class":946},[936,2242,2135],{"class":960},[936,2244,2245],{"class":946},"]{},",[936,2247,1300],{"class":997},[936,2249,1018],{"class":946},[936,2251,2135],{"class":960},[936,2253,1024],{"class":946},[1651,2255],{"id":2256},"idx_类型标识",[922,2258,2259,2260,2262,2263,2266,2267,2270,2271,2273,2274,2276,2277,2280,2281,2283,2284,2286],{},"借此机会，我们正式地介绍一下类型标识（Type ID）这个概念。类型标识是指明一个类型的文本，比如 ",[933,2261,978],{}," 指明了一个普通整型，",[933,2264,2265],{},"double"," 指明一个双精度浮点型，",[933,2268,2269],{},"bool"," 指明一个布尔类型。与类型说明符不同，数组、函数也拥有类型标识（但它们没有默认的类型说明符）。比如 ",[933,2272,2158],{}," 就是拥有 10 个 ",[933,2275,978],{}," 的数组的类型标识，而 ",[933,2278,2279],{},"bool(int)"," 是一个接受一个 ",[933,2282,978],{}," 参数，返回值类型为 ",[933,2285,2269],{}," 的函数的类型标识。获得一个变量的类型标识很简单，直接把所有变量名从声明中拿走就是了。比如：",[926,2288,2290],{"className":928,"code":2289,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"long long result;\nchar a[42];\nint f(int, bool);\n",[933,2291,2292,2305,2319],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,2293,2294,2297,2300,2303],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,2295,2296],{"class":964},"long",[936,2298,2299],{"class":964}," long",[936,2301,2302],{"class":997}," result",[936,2304,972],{"class":946},[936,2306,2307,2310,2312,2314,2317],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,2308,2309],{"class":964},"char",[936,2311,1015],{"class":997},[936,2313,1018],{"class":946},[936,2315,2316],{"class":960},"42",[936,2318,2138],{"class":946},[936,2320,2321,2323,2326,2329,2331,2333,2336],{"class":938,"line":975},[936,2322,978],{"class":964},[936,2324,2325],{"class":981}," f",[936,2327,2328],{"class":946},"(",[936,2330,978],{"class":964},[936,2332,1581],{"class":946},[936,2334,2335],{"class":964}," bool",[936,2337,2338],{"class":946},");\n",[922,2340,2341,2342,2345,2346,2349,2350,2352,2353,2355,2356,2349,2359,2361,2362,2345,2365,2349,2368,2370],{},"第一个声明语句中，把 ",[933,2343,2344],{},"result"," 拿走剩下的 ",[933,2347,2348],{},"long long"," 就是 ",[933,2351,2344],{}," 的类型标识（这和类型说明符一致）；把 ",[933,2354,1117],{}," 拿走得到的 ",[933,2357,2358],{},"char[42]",[933,2360,1117],{}," 的类型标识；把 ",[933,2363,2364],{},"f",[933,2366,2367],{},"int(int, bool)",[933,2369,2364],{}," 的类型标识。",[922,2372,2373,2374,2378,2379,2383],{},"类型标识可以用在",[1117,2375,2377],{"href":2376},"\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fother_operator#%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6","类型转换运算符","和 ",[1117,2380,2382],{"href":2381},"\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fother_operator#sizeof-%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6","sizeof 运算符","中。比如下面的例子：",[926,2385,2387],{"className":928,"code":2386,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    int a[5]{};\n    cout \u003C\u003C sizeof(a) \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C sizeof(int[5]) \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n",[933,2388,2389,2399,2409,2419,2431,2453,2476],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,2390,2391,2393,2395,2397],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,2392,943],{"class":942},[936,2394,947],{"class":946},[936,2396,951],{"class":950},[936,2398,954],{"class":946},[936,2400,2401,2403,2405,2407],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,2402,961],{"class":960},[936,2404,965],{"class":964},[936,2406,969],{"class":968},[936,2408,972],{"class":946},[936,2410,2411,2413,2415,2417],{"class":938,"line":975},[936,2412,978],{"class":964},[936,2414,982],{"class":981},[936,2416,985],{"class":946},[936,2418,988],{"class":946},[936,2420,2421,2423,2425,2427,2429],{"class":938,"line":991},[936,2422,994],{"class":964},[936,2424,1015],{"class":997},[936,2426,1018],{"class":946},[936,2428,1004],{"class":960},[936,2430,1024],{"class":946},[936,2432,2433,2436,2438,2441,2443,2446,2448,2451],{"class":938,"line":1010},[936,2434,2435],{"class":997},"    cout ",[936,2437,1076],{"class":946},[936,2439,2440],{"class":946}," sizeof(",[936,2442,1117],{"class":997},[936,2444,2445],{"class":946},")",[936,2447,1089],{"class":946},[936,2449,2450],{"class":997}," endl",[936,2452,972],{"class":946},[936,2454,2455,2457,2459,2461,2463,2465,2467,2470,2472,2474],{"class":938,"line":1027},[936,2456,2435],{"class":997},[936,2458,1076],{"class":946},[936,2460,2440],{"class":946},[936,2462,978],{"class":964},[936,2464,1018],{"class":946},[936,2466,1004],{"class":960},[936,2468,2469],{"class":946},"])",[936,2471,1089],{"class":946},[936,2473,2450],{"class":997},[936,2475,972],{"class":946},[936,2477,2478],{"class":938,"line":1069},[936,2479,1108],{"class":946},[922,2481,2482,2483,2485,2486,2489],{},"当 ",[933,2484,978],{}," 类型占 4 个字节的时候，",[933,2487,2488],{},"int[5]"," 这个数组类型就占 20 字节。因为数组类型中每一个元素都是连续、紧密地存储的：",[922,2491,2492],{},[2493,2494],"img",{"alt":2495,"src":2496},"array_storage","https:\u002F\u002Fs1.ax1x.com\u002F2020\u002F08\u002F02\u002FaJQsgg.png",[2498,2499,2500],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .s7zQu, html code.shiki .s7zQu{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html pre.shiki code .sbssI, html code.shiki .sbssI{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#F78C6C;--shiki-dark:#F78C6C}html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki .spNyl{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki 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