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1（因为是后缀自增运算符）。如果 ",[960,1060,1061],{},"int"," 型变量 ",[960,1064,1065],{},"i"," 的初始值为 ",[960,1068,1069],{},"0"," ，则整段代码的作用是从小到大输出 0 到 9 这十个数字。整个过程比较简单，这里便不再赘述了。",[919,1072,1073],{},"如果你觉得刚才在输出语句中递增的这种写法很别扭的话，没关系这很正常；你只需要分成两条语句就可以。所以，如果想要在循环体中执行多余一条的语句，需要用复合语句包起来。这便是我们第一章见过的带大括号的那种形式了：",[997,1075,1077],{"className":999,"code":1076,"language":1001,"meta":1002,"style":1002},"int i{0};\nwhile (i \u003C 10) {\n    if (i % 2 == 0) {\n        cout \u003C\u003C i \u003C\u003C endl;\n    }\n    i++;\n}\n",[960,1078,1079,1094,1112,1139,1156,1162,1171],{"__ignoreMap":1002},[1006,1080,1081,1084,1086,1089,1091],{"class":1008,"line":1009},[1006,1082,1061],{"class":1083},"spNyl",[1006,1085,1043],{"class":1020},[1006,1087,1088],{"class":1016},"{",[1006,1090,1069],{"class":1027},[1006,1092,1093],{"class":1016},"};\n",[1006,1095,1096,1098,1100,1102,1104,1106,1109],{"class":1008,"line":1034},[1006,1097,1013],{"class":1012},[1006,1099,1017],{"class":1016},[1006,1101,1021],{"class":1020},[1006,1103,1024],{"class":1016},[1006,1105,1028],{"class":1027},[1006,1107,1108],{"class":1016},")",[1006,1110,1111],{"class":1016}," {\n",[1006,1113,1115,1118,1120,1123,1126,1129,1132,1135,1137],{"class":1008,"line":1114},3,[1006,1116,1117],{"class":1012},"    if",[1006,1119,1017],{"class":1016},[1006,1121,1021],{"class":1122},"swJcz",[1006,1124,1125],{"class":1016},"%",[1006,1127,1128],{"class":1027}," 2",[1006,1130,1131],{"class":1016}," ==",[1006,1133,1134],{"class":1027}," 0",[1006,1136,1108],{"class":1016},[1006,1138,1111],{"class":1016},[1006,1140,1142,1145,1147,1150,1152,1154],{"class":1008,"line":1141},4,[1006,1143,1144],{"class":1122},"        cout ",[1006,1146,1040],{"class":1016},[1006,1148,1149],{"class":1122}," i ",[1006,1151,1040],{"class":1016},[1006,1153,1052],{"class":1122},[1006,1155,1055],{"class":1016},[1006,1157,1159],{"class":1008,"line":1158},5,[1006,1160,1161],{"class":1016},"    }\n",[1006,1163,1165,1168],{"class":1008,"line":1164},6,[1006,1166,1167],{"class":1122},"    i",[1006,1169,1170],{"class":1016},"++;\n",[1006,1172,1174],{"class":1008,"line":1173},7,[1006,1175,1176],{"class":1016},"}\n",[919,1178,1179],{},"请尝试自己描述这段代码的运行效果。实际编译运行一下，看看你想得对不对。",[919,1181,1182,1183,1186],{},"你可能在第一章习题中尝试了如何写一个死循环，即永远执行下去的循环。实现方法很简单，只需让条件表达式恒为 ",[960,1184,1185],{},"true"," 即可：",[997,1188,1190],{"className":999,"code":1189,"language":1001,"meta":1002,"style":1002},"while (true) {\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"Endless output\" \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n",[960,1191,1192,1201,1223],{"__ignoreMap":1002},[1006,1193,1194,1196,1199],{"class":1008,"line":1009},[1006,1195,1013],{"class":1012},[1006,1197,1198],{"class":1016}," (true)",[1006,1200,1111],{"class":1016},[1006,1202,1203,1205,1207,1210,1214,1217,1219,1221],{"class":1008,"line":1034},[1006,1204,1037],{"class":1122},[1006,1206,1040],{"class":1016},[1006,1208,1209],{"class":1016}," \"",[1006,1211,1213],{"class":1212},"sfazB","Endless output",[1006,1215,1216],{"class":1016},"\"",[1006,1218,1049],{"class":1016},[1006,1220,1052],{"class":1122},[1006,1222,1055],{"class":1016},[1006,1224,1225],{"class":1008,"line":1114},[1006,1226,1176],{"class":1016},[919,1228,1229,1230,1232],{},"还有需要注意的一点是，如果 while 语句的条件最初就不成立（即条件表达式为 ",[960,1231,973],{},"），那么循环体一次也不会被执行。这是因为对条件表达式的求值总是发生在执行循环体之前的缘故。比如以下代码：",[997,1234,1236],{"className":999,"code":1235,"language":1001,"meta":1002,"style":1002},"int i{5};\nwhile (i \u003C 5) {\n    cout \u003C\u003C i \u003C\u003C endl;\n    i++;\n}\n",[960,1237,1238,1251,1268,1282,1288],{"__ignoreMap":1002},[1006,1239,1240,1242,1244,1246,1249],{"class":1008,"line":1009},[1006,1241,1061],{"class":1083},[1006,1243,1043],{"class":1020},[1006,1245,1088],{"class":1016},[1006,1247,1248],{"class":1027},"5",[1006,1250,1093],{"class":1016},[1006,1252,1253,1255,1257,1259,1261,1264,1266],{"class":1008,"line":1034},[1006,1254,1013],{"class":1012},[1006,1256,1017],{"class":1016},[1006,1258,1021],{"class":1020},[1006,1260,1024],{"class":1016},[1006,1262,1263],{"class":1027}," 5",[1006,1265,1108],{"class":1016},[1006,1267,1111],{"class":1016},[1006,1269,1270,1272,1274,1276,1278,1280],{"class":1008,"line":1114},[1006,1271,1037],{"class":1122},[1006,1273,1040],{"class":1016},[1006,1275,1149],{"class":1122},[1006,1277,1040],{"class":1016},[1006,1279,1052],{"class":1122},[1006,1281,1055],{"class":1016},[1006,1283,1284,1286],{"class":1008,"line":1141},[1006,1285,1167],{"class":1122},[1006,1287,1170],{"class":1016},[1006,1289,1290],{"class":1008,"line":1158},[1006,1291,1176],{"class":1016},[919,1293,1294],{},"不会有任何输出。",[940,1296,937],{"id":1297},"do-while-循环",[919,1299,1300],{},"do-while 循环和 while 循环很相似。先来看一下它的写法：",[947,1302,1303],{},[919,1304,1305],{},"\"do\"\n循环语句\n\"while (\"条件表达式\");\"",[919,1307,1308,1309,958,1311,963,1313,963,1315,970,1317,974,1319,1321,1322,980,1324,963,1326,1329,1330,989,1332,938],{},"相比 while 循环，do-while 循环首先是一个 do，然后循环语句放在了 while 的前面，最后还多了一个分号。那么 do-while 的执行效果是什么呢？本质上仍然是",[923,1310,957],{},[960,1312,962],{},[923,1314,966],{},[960,1316,969],{},[960,1318,973],{},[960,1320,973],{},"）。但是，判断 ",[960,1323,969],{},[960,1325,962],{},[923,1327,1328],{},"之后","。同样地，称被循环的那条 ",[960,1331,962],{},[923,1333,992],{},[919,1335,1336],{},"所以说 do-while 循环和 while 循环的区别就在于判断条件的时机不同。因此，do-while 的循环体无论如何都会被执行至少一次：",[997,1338,1340],{"className":999,"code":1339,"language":1001,"meta":1002,"style":1002},"do\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"Hello, world!\" \u003C\u003C endl;\nwhile (false);\n",[960,1341,1342,1347,1366],{"__ignoreMap":1002},[1006,1343,1344],{"class":1008,"line":1009},[1006,1345,1346],{"class":1012},"do\n",[1006,1348,1349,1351,1353,1355,1358,1360,1362,1364],{"class":1008,"line":1034},[1006,1350,1037],{"class":1020},[1006,1352,1040],{"class":1016},[1006,1354,1209],{"class":1016},[1006,1356,1357],{"class":1212},"Hello, world!",[1006,1359,1216],{"class":1016},[1006,1361,1049],{"class":1016},[1006,1363,1052],{"class":1020},[1006,1365,1055],{"class":1016},[1006,1367,1368,1370],{"class":1008,"line":1114},[1006,1369,1013],{"class":1012},[1006,1371,1372],{"class":1016}," (false);\n",[919,1374,1375,1376,938],{},"即便条件恒假，仍然会输出一次 ",[960,1377,1357],{},[919,1379,1380],{},"第一章结尾的“猜数游戏”可以使用 do-while 循环：",[997,1382,1384],{"className":999,"code":1383,"language":1001,"meta":1002,"style":1002},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    int ans{42};\n    int x{0};\n    do {\n        cin >> x;\n        if (x > ans) {\n            cout \u003C\u003C \"That's bigger than the answer. Try again?\" \u003C\u003C endl;\n        }\n        if (x \u003C ans) {\n            cout \u003C\u003C \"That's smaller than the answer. Try again?\" \u003C\u003C endl;\n        }\n    } while (x != ans);\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"Bingo! You got the answer!\" \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n",[960,1385,1386,1400,1414,1427,1442,1455,1462,1474,1494,1515,1521,1538,1558,1563,1584,1604],{"__ignoreMap":1002},[1006,1387,1388,1391,1394,1397],{"class":1008,"line":1009},[1006,1389,1390],{"class":1012},"#include",[1006,1392,1393],{"class":1016}," \u003C",[1006,1395,1396],{"class":1212},"iostream",[1006,1398,1399],{"class":1016},">\n",[1006,1401,1402,1405,1408,1412],{"class":1008,"line":1034},[1006,1403,1404],{"class":1027},"using",[1006,1406,1407],{"class":1083}," namespace",[1006,1409,1411],{"class":1410},"sBMFI"," std",[1006,1413,1055],{"class":1016},[1006,1415,1416,1418,1422,1425],{"class":1008,"line":1114},[1006,1417,1061],{"class":1083},[1006,1419,1421],{"class":1420},"s2Zo4"," main",[1006,1423,1424],{"class":1016},"()",[1006,1426,1111],{"class":1016},[1006,1428,1429,1432,1435,1437,1440],{"class":1008,"line":1141},[1006,1430,1431],{"class":1083},"    int",[1006,1433,1434],{"class":1020}," ans",[1006,1436,1088],{"class":1016},[1006,1438,1439],{"class":1027},"42",[1006,1441,1093],{"class":1016},[1006,1443,1444,1446,1449,1451,1453],{"class":1008,"line":1158},[1006,1445,1431],{"class":1083},[1006,1447,1448],{"class":1020}," x",[1006,1450,1088],{"class":1016},[1006,1452,1069],{"class":1027},[1006,1454,1093],{"class":1016},[1006,1456,1457,1460],{"class":1008,"line":1164},[1006,1458,1459],{"class":1012},"    do",[1006,1461,1111],{"class":1016},[1006,1463,1464,1467,1470,1472],{"class":1008,"line":1173},[1006,1465,1466],{"class":1122},"        cin ",[1006,1468,1469],{"class":1016},">>",[1006,1471,1448],{"class":1122},[1006,1473,1055],{"class":1016},[1006,1475,1477,1480,1482,1485,1488,1490,1492],{"class":1008,"line":1476},8,[1006,1478,1479],{"class":1012},"        if",[1006,1481,1017],{"class":1016},[1006,1483,1484],{"class":1122},"x ",[1006,1486,1487],{"class":1016},">",[1006,1489,1434],{"class":1122},[1006,1491,1108],{"class":1016},[1006,1493,1111],{"class":1016},[1006,1495,1497,1500,1502,1504,1507,1509,1511,1513],{"class":1008,"line":1496},9,[1006,1498,1499],{"class":1122},"            cout ",[1006,1501,1040],{"class":1016},[1006,1503,1209],{"class":1016},[1006,1505,1506],{"class":1212},"That's bigger than the answer. Try again?",[1006,1508,1216],{"class":1016},[1006,1510,1049],{"class":1016},[1006,1512,1052],{"class":1122},[1006,1514,1055],{"class":1016},[1006,1516,1518],{"class":1008,"line":1517},10,[1006,1519,1520],{"class":1016},"        }\n",[1006,1522,1524,1526,1528,1530,1532,1534,1536],{"class":1008,"line":1523},11,[1006,1525,1479],{"class":1012},[1006,1527,1017],{"class":1016},[1006,1529,1484],{"class":1122},[1006,1531,1024],{"class":1016},[1006,1533,1434],{"class":1122},[1006,1535,1108],{"class":1016},[1006,1537,1111],{"class":1016},[1006,1539,1541,1543,1545,1547,1550,1552,1554,1556],{"class":1008,"line":1540},12,[1006,1542,1499],{"class":1122},[1006,1544,1040],{"class":1016},[1006,1546,1209],{"class":1016},[1006,1548,1549],{"class":1212},"That's smaller than the answer. Try again?",[1006,1551,1216],{"class":1016},[1006,1553,1049],{"class":1016},[1006,1555,1052],{"class":1122},[1006,1557,1055],{"class":1016},[1006,1559,1561],{"class":1008,"line":1560},13,[1006,1562,1520],{"class":1016},[1006,1564,1566,1569,1572,1574,1576,1579,1581],{"class":1008,"line":1565},14,[1006,1567,1568],{"class":1016},"    }",[1006,1570,1571],{"class":1012}," while",[1006,1573,1017],{"class":1016},[1006,1575,1484],{"class":1020},[1006,1577,1578],{"class":1016},"!=",[1006,1580,1434],{"class":1020},[1006,1582,1583],{"class":1016},");\n",[1006,1585,1587,1589,1591,1593,1596,1598,1600,1602],{"class":1008,"line":1586},15,[1006,1588,1037],{"class":1020},[1006,1590,1040],{"class":1016},[1006,1592,1209],{"class":1016},[1006,1594,1595],{"class":1212},"Bingo! You got the answer!",[1006,1597,1216],{"class":1016},[1006,1599,1049],{"class":1016},[1006,1601,1052],{"class":1020},[1006,1603,1055],{"class":1016},[1006,1605,1607],{"class":1008,"line":1606},16,[1006,1608,1176],{"class":1016},[919,1610,1611],{},"相比 while 循环，可以减少一行输入语句。",[919,1613,1614],{},"do-while 另外一个常见的用途是“输出一个整数的每一位”：",[997,1616,1618],{"className":999,"code":1617,"language":1001,"meta":1002,"style":1002},"do {\n    cout \u003C\u003C x % 10 \u003C\u003C endl;\n} while (x \u002F= 10);\n",[960,1619,1620,1627,1646],{"__ignoreMap":1002},[1006,1621,1622,1625],{"class":1008,"line":1009},[1006,1623,1624],{"class":1012},"do",[1006,1626,1111],{"class":1016},[1006,1628,1629,1631,1633,1636,1638,1640,1642,1644],{"class":1008,"line":1034},[1006,1630,1037],{"class":1122},[1006,1632,1040],{"class":1016},[1006,1634,1635],{"class":1122}," x ",[1006,1637,1125],{"class":1016},[1006,1639,1028],{"class":1027},[1006,1641,1049],{"class":1016},[1006,1643,1052],{"class":1122},[1006,1645,1055],{"class":1016},[1006,1647,1648,1651,1653,1655,1657,1660,1662],{"class":1008,"line":1114},[1006,1649,1650],{"class":1016},"}",[1006,1652,1571],{"class":1012},[1006,1654,1017],{"class":1016},[1006,1656,1484],{"class":1020},[1006,1658,1659],{"class":1016},"\u002F=",[1006,1661,1028],{"class":1027},[1006,1663,1583],{"class":1016},[919,1665,1666,1667,1671,1672,1675,1676,1680,1681,1683,1684,1688],{},"这里运用了",[1668,1669,1670],"a",{"href":158},"模运算","来取出整型变量 ",[960,1673,1674],{},"x"," 的最低位，用",[1668,1677,1679],{"href":1678},"\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fassignment_operator#%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E8%B5%8B%E5%80%BC%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6","复合赋值运算","来“删除” ",[960,1682,1674],{}," 的最低位。除此之外，还利用了整型到布尔类型的",[1668,1685,1687],{"href":1686},"\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fimplicit_conversion#%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%B6%E5%AE%83%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%AF%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2","隐式转换","从而保证循环能够刚好终止。这里不再展开说明这段代码如何工作，感兴趣的读者可以自行研究。",[919,1690,1691],{},"我们用 while 语句的图示来结束本节的内容：",[1693,1694,1696],"table",{"style":1695},"float: left",[1697,1698,1699],"tbody",{},[1700,1701,1702],"tr",{},[1703,1704,1705,1706],"td",{},"\n    ",[997,1707,1708,1712,1713,1716,1717,1719],{},[1709,1710,1711],"em",{},"开始","\nwhile (",[1709,1714,1715],{},"条件",")\n    ",[1709,1718,992],{},[1709,1720,1721],{},"结束",[997,1723,1727],{"className":1724,"code":1725,"language":1726,"meta":1002,"style":1002},"language-flow shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","st=>start: 开始\ne=>end: 结束\nbd=>operation: 循环体\ncond=>condition: 条件成立？\n\nst->cond\ncond(yes)->bd\nbd->cond\ncond(no, left)->e\n","flow",[960,1728,1729,1734,1739,1744,1749,1755,1760,1765,1770],{"__ignoreMap":1002},[1006,1730,1731],{"class":1008,"line":1009},[1006,1732,1733],{},"st=>start: 开始\n",[1006,1735,1736],{"class":1008,"line":1034},[1006,1737,1738],{},"e=>end: 结束\n",[1006,1740,1741],{"class":1008,"line":1114},[1006,1742,1743],{},"bd=>operation: 循环体\n",[1006,1745,1746],{"class":1008,"line":1141},[1006,1747,1748],{},"cond=>condition: 条件成立？\n",[1006,1750,1751],{"class":1008,"line":1158},[1006,1752,1754],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1753},true,"\n",[1006,1756,1757],{"class":1008,"line":1164},[1006,1758,1759],{},"st->cond\n",[1006,1761,1762],{"class":1008,"line":1173},[1006,1763,1764],{},"cond(yes)->bd\n",[1006,1766,1767],{"class":1008,"line":1476},[1006,1768,1769],{},"bd->cond\n",[1006,1771,1772],{"class":1008,"line":1496},[1006,1773,1774],{},"cond(no, left)->e\n",[1693,1776,1777],{"style":1695},[1697,1778,1779],{},[1700,1780,1781],{},[1703,1782,1705,1783],{},[997,1784,1785,1787,1788,1712,1790,1583,1792],{},[1709,1786,1711],{},"\ndo\n    ",[1709,1789,992],{},[1709,1791,1715],{},[1709,1793,1721],{},[997,1795,1797],{"className":1724,"code":1796,"language":1726,"meta":1002,"style":1002},"st=>start: 开始\ne=>end: 结束\nbd=>operation: 循环体\ncond=>condition: 条件成立？\n\nst->bd\ncond(yes)->bd\nbd->cond\ncond(no, 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