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break",[969,1147,1005],{"class":979},[969,1149,1151],{"class":971,"line":1150},10,[969,1152,1153],{"class":979},"        }\n",[969,1155,1157],{"class":971,"line":1156},11,[969,1158,1159],{"class":979},"    }\n",[969,1161,1163],{"class":971,"line":1162},12,[969,1164,1165],{"class":979},"}\n",[918,1167,1168,1169,1172],{},"这段代码中，for 循环的条件由输入数的个数来控制。为了保证输入 ",[955,1170,1171],{},"42"," 的时候也能跳出循环，于是加上了第 7 行所述的 if 语句。在 if 语句的分支中，首先输出，随后执行 break 语句，就可以实现循环的退出。",[918,1174,1175,1176],{},"下面这张图出自国内的教材，尽管不够准确，但也可以较为清晰地指出 break 语句的作用。\n",[1177,1178],"img",{"alt":1179,"src":1180},"break","https:\u002F\u002Fs1.ax1x.com\u002F2020\u002F07\u002F11\u002FUlw4iQ.png",[922,1182,1184],{"id":1183},"continue-语句","continue 语句",[918,1186,1187],{},"continue 语句与 break 语句相似，也只能用于循环体内。它的写法很简单：",[934,1189,1190],{},[918,1191,1192],{},"\"continue;\"",[960,1194,1196],{"className":962,"code":1195,"language":964,"meta":965,"style":965},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    int i, n, x;\n    int sum{0};\n    cin >> n;\n    for (i = 0; i \u003C n; i++) {\n        cin >> x;\n        if (x > 0) {\n            sum += x;\n        }\n    }\n    cout \u003C\u003C sum \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n",[955,1197,1198,1208,1218,1228,1245,1261,1272,1300,1310,1328,1340,1344,1348,1365],{"__ignoreMap":965},[969,1199,1200,1202,1204,1206],{"class":971,"line":972},[969,1201,976],{"class":975},[969,1203,980],{"class":979},[969,1205,984],{"class":983},[969,1207,987],{"class":979},[969,1209,1210,1212,1214,1216],{"class":971,"line":990},[969,1211,994],{"class":993},[969,1213,998],{"class":997},[969,1215,1002],{"class":1001},[969,1217,1005],{"class":979},[969,1219,1220,1222,1224,1226],{"class":971,"line":1008},[969,1221,1011],{"class":997},[969,1223,1015],{"class":1014},[969,1225,1018],{"class":979},[969,1227,1021],{"class":979},[969,1229,1230,1232,1234,1236,1238,1240,1243],{"class":971,"line":1024},[969,1231,1027],{"class":997},[969,1233,1031],{"class":1030},[969,1235,1034],{"class":979},[969,1237,1037],{"class":1030},[969,1239,1034],{"class":979},[969,1241,1242],{"class":1030}," x",[969,1244,1005],{"class":979},[969,1246,1247,1249,1252,1255,1258],{"class":971,"line":1042},[969,1248,1027],{"class":997},[969,1250,1251],{"class":1030}," sum",[969,1253,1254],{"class":979},"{",[969,1256,1257],{"class":993},"0",[969,1259,1260],{"class":979},"};\n",[969,1262,1263,1266,1268,1270],{"class":971,"line":1081},[969,1264,1265],{"class":1030},"    cin ",[969,1267,1088],{"class":979},[969,1269,1037],{"class":1030},[969,1271,1005],{"class":979},[969,1273,1274,1276,1278,1280,1282,1284,1286,1288,1290,1292,1294,1296,1298],{"class":971,"line":1095},[969,1275,1045],{"class":975},[969,1277,1048],{"class":979},[969,1279,1051],{"class":1030},[969,1281,1054],{"class":979},[969,1283,1057],{"class":993},[969,1285,1060],{"class":979},[969,1287,1063],{"class":1030},[969,1289,1066],{"class":979},[969,1291,1037],{"class":1030},[969,1293,1060],{"class":979},[969,1295,1031],{"class":1030},[969,1297,1076],{"class":979},[969,1299,1021],{"class":979},[969,1301,1302,1304,1306,1308],{"class":971,"line":1117},[969,1303,1085],{"class":1084},[969,1305,1088],{"class":979},[969,1307,1242],{"class":1084},[969,1309,1005],{"class":979},[969,1311,1312,1314,1316,1319,1322,1324,1326],{"class":971,"line":1142},[969,1313,1098],{"class":975},[969,1315,1048],{"class":979},[969,1317,1318],{"class":1084},"x ",[969,1320,1321],{"class":979},">",[969,1323,1057],{"class":993},[969,1325,1112],{"class":979},[969,1327,1021],{"class":979},[969,1329,1330,1333,1336,1338],{"class":971,"line":1150},[969,1331,1332],{"class":1084},"            sum ",[969,1334,1335],{"class":979},"+=",[969,1337,1242],{"class":1084},[969,1339,1005],{"class":979},[969,1341,1342],{"class":971,"line":1156},[969,1343,1153],{"class":979},[969,1345,1346],{"class":971,"line":1162},[969,1347,1159],{"class":979},[969,1349,1351,1354,1356,1359,1361,1363],{"class":971,"line":1350},13,[969,1352,1353],{"class":1030},"    cout ",[969,1355,1123],{"class":979},[969,1357,1358],{"class":1030}," sum ",[969,1360,1123],{"class":979},[969,1362,1137],{"class":1030},[969,1364,1005],{"class":979},[969,1366,1368],{"class":971,"line":1367},14,[969,1369,1165],{"class":979},[918,1371,1372,1373,1376],{},"为了解释它的含义，考虑这样一个问题：和我们之前经常看到的例题一样，仍然是输入 n 个数并求和输出；但这次要求只对正整数求和，如果输入负数就忽略它。那么你可以写出像右侧这样的程序：在 for 语句里嵌套一个 if 语句，使得只有当输入的数是正数的时候才加到 ",[955,1374,1375],{},"sum"," 里去。",[960,1378,1380],{"className":962,"code":1379,"language":964,"meta":965,"style":965},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    int i, n, x;\n    int sum{0};\n    cin >> n;\n    for (i = 0; i \u003C n; i++) {\n        cin >> x;\n        if (x \u003C= 0) continue;\n        sum += x;\n    }\n    cout \u003C\u003C sum \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n",[955,1381,1382,1392,1402,1412,1428,1440,1450,1478,1488,1508,1519,1523,1537],{"__ignoreMap":965},[969,1383,1384,1386,1388,1390],{"class":971,"line":972},[969,1385,976],{"class":975},[969,1387,980],{"class":979},[969,1389,984],{"class":983},[969,1391,987],{"class":979},[969,1393,1394,1396,1398,1400],{"class":971,"line":990},[969,1395,994],{"class":993},[969,1397,998],{"class":997},[969,1399,1002],{"class":1001},[969,1401,1005],{"class":979},[969,1403,1404,1406,1408,1410],{"class":971,"line":1008},[969,1405,1011],{"class":997},[969,1407,1015],{"class":1014},[969,1409,1018],{"class":979},[969,1411,1021],{"class":979},[969,1413,1414,1416,1418,1420,1422,1424,1426],{"class":971,"line":1024},[969,1415,1027],{"class":997},[969,1417,1031],{"class":1030},[969,1419,1034],{"class":979},[969,1421,1037],{"class":1030},[969,1423,1034],{"class":979},[969,1425,1242],{"class":1030},[969,1427,1005],{"class":979},[969,1429,1430,1432,1434,1436,1438],{"class":971,"line":1042},[969,1431,1027],{"class":997},[969,1433,1251],{"class":1030},[969,1435,1254],{"class":979},[969,1437,1257],{"class":993},[969,1439,1260],{"class":979},[969,1441,1442,1444,1446,1448],{"class":971,"line":1081},[969,1443,1265],{"class":1030},[969,1445,1088],{"class":979},[969,1447,1037],{"class":1030},[969,1449,1005],{"class":979},[969,1451,1452,1454,1456,1458,1460,1462,1464,1466,1468,1470,1472,1474,1476],{"class":971,"line":1095},[969,1453,1045],{"class":975},[969,1455,1048],{"class":979},[969,1457,1051],{"class":1030},[969,1459,1054],{"class":979},[969,1461,1057],{"class":993},[969,1463,1060],{"class":979},[969,1465,1063],{"class":1030},[969,1467,1066],{"class":979},[969,1469,1037],{"class":1030},[969,1471,1060],{"class":979},[969,1473,1031],{"class":1030},[969,1475,1076],{"class":979},[969,1477,1021],{"class":979},[969,1479,1480,1482,1484,1486],{"class":971,"line":1117},[969,1481,1085],{"class":1084},[969,1483,1088],{"class":979},[969,1485,1242],{"class":1084},[969,1487,1005],{"class":979},[969,1489,1490,1492,1494,1496,1499,1501,1503,1506],{"class":971,"line":1142},[969,1491,1098],{"class":975},[969,1493,1048],{"class":979},[969,1495,1318],{"class":1084},[969,1497,1498],{"class":979},"\u003C=",[969,1500,1057],{"class":993},[969,1502,1112],{"class":979},[969,1504,1505],{"class":975}," continue",[969,1507,1005],{"class":979},[969,1509,1510,1513,1515,1517],{"class":971,"line":1150},[969,1511,1512],{"class":1084},"        sum ",[969,1514,1335],{"class":979},[969,1516,1242],{"class":1084},[969,1518,1005],{"class":979},[969,1520,1521],{"class":971,"line":1156},[969,1522,1159],{"class":979},[969,1524,1525,1527,1529,1531,1533,1535],{"class":971,"line":1162},[969,1526,1353],{"class":1030},[969,1528,1123],{"class":979},[969,1530,1358],{"class":1030},[969,1532,1123],{"class":979},[969,1534,1137],{"class":1030},[969,1536,1005],{"class":979},[969,1538,1539],{"class":971,"line":1350},[969,1540,1165],{"class":979},[918,1542,1543,1544,1547,1548,1551,1552,1554],{},"没错。但除此之外，运用 continue 语句的话就还有另一种写法。这段代码是说：若 ",[955,1545,1546],{},"x"," 小于等于零，则执行 continue 语句。什么意思呢？continue 语句的含义是",[943,1549,1550],{},"忽略循环体的剩余部分，直接进入下一次循环","。因此在这里，如果 ",[955,1553,1546],{}," 小于等于零，我就忽略这一次执行求和的部分：因为它是一个非正数，不是我们想要的数。但不同于 break，continue 仍然会执行下一次循环，于是下次输入仍然会进行。",[918,1556,1557,1558,1561,1562,1565,1566,1569,1570,1573],{},"注意，continue 语句忽略的是",[943,1559,1560],{},"循环体","的剩余部分，而 for 循环的",[943,1563,1564],{},"迭代表达式的运算仍然会进行","。在上个例子中，即便 ",[955,1567,1568],{},"sum += x;"," 这条语句不会执行，但 ",[955,1571,1572],{},"i++"," 这个计数用的表达式仍然会被运算。这就保证了允许输入的数仍然是 n 个。",[918,1575,1576],{},"那么有的读者可能会有疑问，明明原先用一个 if 语句就能解决的问题，为什么要通过“反过来”用 continue 语句取消的方法来解决呢？这是因为，当使用 if 语句之后，原来的主体代码“层级变深了”。在解决现实问题的程序中，经常会出现多个不合法的输入需要跳过，这个时候如果用 if 语句的话会写成：",[934,1578,1579],{},[918,1580,1581],{},"\"for (\"...\") {\"\n\"if (\"条件1\") {\"\n\"if (\"条件2\") {\"\n\"if (\"条件3\") {\"\n这些条件都满足就做...\n\"}\"\n\"}\"\n\"}\"\n\"}\"",[918,1583,1584],{},"这个时候，你会发现需要做的代码进入了一个非常“深”的区域，稍不留意就容易因为忽略了大括号而导致逻辑上的错误。即便用逻辑表达式把这些 if 的条件并起来，也会变成一个超级长的、不易阅读的表达式。",[918,1586,1587],{},"continue 语句可以很好地解决这个问题。刚才的代码，完全等价于：",[934,1589,1590],{},[918,1591,1592],{},"\"for (\"...\") {\"\n\"if (!\"条件1\") continue;\"\n\"if (!\"条件2\") continue;\"\n\"if (!\"条件3\") continue;\"\n这些条件都满足就做...\n\"}\"",[918,1594,1595],{},"你会发现主题代码仍然保持在很“浅”的层次上，也不会因为缩进、大括号的问题而出现误判。所以目前人们认为，使用 continue 语句是一个良好的编程习惯。",[918,1597,1598],{},"最后仍然用教科书上的图示来总结 continue 语句的含义：",[918,1600,1601],{},[1177,1602],{"alt":1603,"src":1604},"continue","https:\u002F\u002Fs1.ax1x.com\u002F2020\u002F07\u002F11\u002FUlrul9.png",[922,1606,1608],{"id":1607},"goto-语句","goto 语句",[918,1610,1611,1612,1615],{},"先把话题回到 break 语句上。在之前没有特意强调一点，就是 break 语句",[943,1613,1614],{},"只能跳出一层循环","。超过一层的循环，break 语句无能为力。比如我想要在以个数组中找到出现两次的元素，找到后立即结束程序，那么我首先将代码写成这样：",[960,1617,1619],{"className":962,"code":1618,"language":964,"meta":965,"style":965},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() {\n    int a[10]{0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 3, 8, 7, 4, 5};\n    int i, j;\n    for (i = 0; i \u003C 10; i++) {\n        for (j = i + 1; j \u003C 10; j++) {\n            if (a[i] == a[j]) {\n                cout \u003C\u003C \"Found\" \u003C\u003C endl;\n                \u002F\u002F 然后呢？\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n",[955,1620,1621,1631,1641,1647,1657,1720,1733,1761,1797,1829,1849,1855,1860,1864,1868],{"__ignoreMap":965},[969,1622,1623,1625,1627,1629],{"class":971,"line":972},[969,1624,976],{"class":975},[969,1626,980],{"class":979},[969,1628,984],{"class":983},[969,1630,987],{"class":979},[969,1632,1633,1635,1637,1639],{"class":971,"line":990},[969,1634,994],{"class":993},[969,1636,998],{"class":997},[969,1638,1002],{"class":1001},[969,1640,1005],{"class":979},[969,1642,1643],{"class":971,"line":1008},[969,1644,1646],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1645},true,"\n",[969,1648,1649,1651,1653,1655],{"class":971,"line":1024},[969,1650,1011],{"class":997},[969,1652,1015],{"class":1014},[969,1654,1018],{"class":979},[969,1656,1021],{"class":979},[969,1658,1659,1661,1664,1667,1670,1673,1675,1677,1680,1682,1685,1687,1690,1692,1695,1697,1699,1701,1704,1706,1709,1711,1713,1715,1718],{"class":971,"line":1042},[969,1660,1027],{"class":997},[969,1662,1663],{"class":1030}," a",[969,1665,1666],{"class":979},"[",[969,1668,1669],{"class":993},"10",[969,1671,1672],{"class":979},"]{",[969,1674,1257],{"class":993},[969,1676,1034],{"class":979},[969,1678,1679],{"class":993}," 3",[969,1681,1034],{"class":979},[969,1683,1684],{"class":993}," 1",[969,1686,1034],{"class":979},[969,1688,1689],{"class":993}," 4",[969,1691,1034],{"class":979},[969,1693,1694],{"class":993}," 2",[969,1696,1034],{"class":979},[969,1698,1679],{"class":993},[969,1700,1034],{"class":979},[969,1702,1703],{"class":993}," 8",[969,1705,1034],{"class":979},[969,1707,1708],{"class":993}," 7",[969,1710,1034],{"class":979},[969,1712,1689],{"class":993},[969,1714,1034],{"class":979},[969,1716,1717],{"class":993}," 5",[969,1719,1260],{"class":979},[969,1721,1722,1724,1726,1728,1731],{"class":971,"line":1081},[969,1723,1027],{"class":997},[969,1725,1031],{"class":1030},[969,1727,1034],{"class":979},[969,1729,1730],{"class":1030}," j",[969,1732,1005],{"class":979},[969,1734,1735,1737,1739,1741,1743,1745,1747,1749,1751,1753,1755,1757,1759],{"class":971,"line":1095},[969,1736,1045],{"class":975},[969,1738,1048],{"class":979},[969,1740,1051],{"class":1030},[969,1742,1054],{"class":979},[969,1744,1057],{"class":993},[969,1746,1060],{"class":979},[969,1748,1063],{"class":1030},[969,1750,1066],{"class":979},[969,1752,1069],{"class":993},[969,1754,1060],{"class":979},[969,1756,1031],{"class":1030},[969,1758,1076],{"class":979},[969,1760,1021],{"class":979},[969,1762,1763,1766,1768,1771,1773,1775,1778,1780,1782,1785,1787,1789,1791,1793,1795],{"class":971,"line":1117},[969,1764,1765],{"class":975},"        for",[969,1767,1048],{"class":979},[969,1769,1770],{"class":1084},"j ",[969,1772,1054],{"class":979},[969,1774,1063],{"class":1084},[969,1776,1777],{"class":979},"+",[969,1779,1684],{"class":993},[969,1781,1060],{"class":979},[969,1783,1784],{"class":1084}," j ",[969,1786,1066],{"class":979},[969,1788,1069],{"class":993},[969,1790,1060],{"class":979},[969,1792,1730],{"class":1084},[969,1794,1076],{"class":979},[969,1796,1021],{"class":979},[969,1798,1799,1802,1804,1806,1808,1811,1814,1817,1819,1821,1824,1827],{"class":971,"line":1142},[969,1800,1801],{"class":975},"            if",[969,1803,1048],{"class":979},[969,1805,930],{"class":1030},[969,1807,1666],{"class":979},[969,1809,1810],{"class":1084},"i",[969,1812,1813],{"class":979},"]",[969,1815,1816],{"class":979}," ==",[969,1818,1663],{"class":1030},[969,1820,1666],{"class":979},[969,1822,1823],{"class":1084},"j",[969,1825,1826],{"class":979},"])",[969,1828,1021],{"class":979},[969,1830,1831,1834,1836,1838,1841,1843,1845,1847],{"class":971,"line":1150},[969,1832,1833],{"class":1084},"                cout ",[969,1835,1123],{"class":979},[969,1837,1126],{"class":979},[969,1839,1840],{"class":983},"Found",[969,1842,1131],{"class":979},[969,1844,1134],{"class":979},[969,1846,1137],{"class":1084},[969,1848,1005],{"class":979},[969,1850,1851],{"class":971,"line":1156},[969,1852,1854],{"class":1853},"sHwdD","                \u002F\u002F 然后呢？\n",[969,1856,1857],{"class":971,"line":1162},[969,1858,1859],{"class":979},"            }\n",[969,1861,1862],{"class":971,"line":1350},[969,1863,1153],{"class":979},[969,1865,1866],{"class":971,"line":1367},[969,1867,1159],{"class":979},[969,1869,1871],{"class":971,"line":1870},15,[969,1872,1165],{"class":979},[918,1874,1875],{},"但接下来，如果我在最里层写 break 的话，它只能跳出里面那层 for 循环。造成的结果是，外层的 for 循环仍然会继续，并没有实现我们“停止程序”的目标。因此在这种情况下最方便的写法就是 goto 语句了。",[918,1877,1878],{},"goto 语句长成这样：",[934,1880,1881],{},[918,1882,1883],{},"\"goto\" 标号\";\"",[918,1885,1886,1887,1890],{},"其中 ",[955,1888,1889],{},"@标号@"," 我们已经在 switch 语句中见过了。但是这里的标号可以是任意的名字、也可以标在复合语句中的任何位置上：",[934,1892,1893],{},[918,1894,1895,1896,1899,1900,1902],{},"\"{\"\n",[969,1897,1898],{},"一些语句...","\n标号\":\"\n",[969,1901,1898],{},"\n\"}\"",[918,1904,1886,1905,1907,1908,1912,1913,1916,1917,1919],{},[955,1906,1889],{}," 的命名规则与",[930,1909,1911],{"href":1910},"\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Fdeclaration_statement#%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8D","变量名","是一致的。整个 goto 语句的含义就是：",[943,1914,1915],{},"无条件跳转","到 ",[955,1918,1889],{}," 所在的位置上。",[918,1921,1922],{},"那么刚才的问题运用 goto 语句就可以这样写：",[960,1924,1926],{"className":962,"code":1925,"language":964,"meta":965,"style":965},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() {\n    int a[10]{0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 3, 8, 7, 4, 5};\n    int i, j;\n    for (i = 0; i \u003C 10; i++) {\n        for (j = i + 1; j \u003C 10; j++) {\n            if (a[i] == a[j]) {\n                cout \u003C\u003C \"Found\" \u003C\u003C endl;\n                goto outer; \u002F\u002F 直接跳转——\n            }\n        }\n    }\nouter: \u002F\u002F ——到标号这里！\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"Exit\" \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n",[955,1927,1928,1938,1948,1952,1962,2014,2026,2054,2086,2112,2130,2143,2147,2151,2155,2166,2186],{"__ignoreMap":965},[969,1929,1930,1932,1934,1936],{"class":971,"line":972},[969,1931,976],{"class":975},[969,1933,980],{"class":979},[969,1935,984],{"class":983},[969,1937,987],{"class":979},[969,1939,1940,1942,1944,1946],{"class":971,"line":990},[969,1941,994],{"class":993},[969,1943,998],{"class":997},[969,1945,1002],{"class":1001},[969,1947,1005],{"class":979},[969,1949,1950],{"class":971,"line":1008},[969,1951,1646],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1645},[969,1953,1954,1956,1958,1960],{"class":971,"line":1024},[969,1955,1011],{"class":997},[969,1957,1015],{"class":1014},[969,1959,1018],{"class":979},[969,1961,1021],{"class":979},[969,1963,1964,1966,1968,1970,1972,1974,1976,1978,1980,1982,1984,1986,1988,1990,1992,1994,1996,1998,2000,2002,2004,2006,2008,2010,2012],{"class":971,"line":1042},[969,1965,1027],{"class":997},[969,1967,1663],{"class":1030},[969,1969,1666],{"class":979},[969,1971,1669],{"class":993},[969,1973,1672],{"class":979},[969,1975,1257],{"class":993},[969,1977,1034],{"class":979},[969,1979,1679],{"class":993},[969,1981,1034],{"class":979},[969,1983,1684],{"class":993},[969,1985,1034],{"class":979},[969,1987,1689],{"class":993},[969,1989,1034],{"class":979},[969,1991,1694],{"class":993},[969,1993,1034],{"class":979},[969,1995,1679],{"class":993},[969,1997,1034],{"class":979},[969,1999,1703],{"class":993},[969,2001,1034],{"class":979},[969,2003,1708],{"class":993},[969,2005,1034],{"class":979},[969,2007,1689],{"class":993},[969,2009,1034],{"class":979},[969,2011,1717],{"class":993},[969,2013,1260],{"class":979},[969,2015,2016,2018,2020,2022,2024],{"class":971,"line":1081},[969,2017,1027],{"class":997},[969,2019,1031],{"class":1030},[969,2021,1034],{"class":979},[969,2023,1730],{"class":1030},[969,2025,1005],{"class":979},[969,2027,2028,2030,2032,2034,2036,2038,2040,2042,2044,2046,2048,2050,2052],{"class":971,"line":1095},[969,2029,1045],{"class":975},[969,2031,1048],{"class":979},[969,2033,1051],{"class":1030},[969,2035,1054],{"class":979},[969,2037,1057],{"class":993},[969,2039,1060],{"class":979},[969,2041,1063],{"class":1030},[969,2043,1066],{"class":979},[969,2045,1069],{"class":993},[969,2047,1060],{"class":979},[969,2049,1031],{"class":1030},[969,2051,1076],{"class":979},[969,2053,1021],{"class":979},[969,2055,2056,2058,2060,2062,2064,2066,2068,2070,2072,2074,2076,2078,2080,2082,2084],{"class":971,"line":1117},[969,2057,1765],{"class":975},[969,2059,1048],{"class":979},[969,2061,1770],{"class":1084},[969,2063,1054],{"class":979},[969,2065,1063],{"class":1084},[969,2067,1777],{"class":979},[969,2069,1684],{"class":993},[969,2071,1060],{"class":979},[969,2073,1784],{"class":1084},[969,2075,1066],{"class":979},[969,2077,1069],{"class":993},[969,2079,1060],{"class":979},[969,2081,1730],{"class":1084},[969,2083,1076],{"class":979},[969,2085,1021],{"class":979},[969,2087,2088,2090,2092,2094,2096,2098,2100,2102,2104,2106,2108,2110],{"class":971,"line":1142},[969,2089,1801],{"class":975},[969,2091,1048],{"class":979},[969,2093,930],{"class":1030},[969,2095,1666],{"class":979},[969,2097,1810],{"class":1084},[969,2099,1813],{"class":979},[969,2101,1816],{"class":979},[969,2103,1663],{"class":1030},[969,2105,1666],{"class":979},[969,2107,1823],{"class":1084},[969,2109,1826],{"class":979},[969,2111,1021],{"class":979},[969,2113,2114,2116,2118,2120,2122,2124,2126,2128],{"class":971,"line":1150},[969,2115,1833],{"class":1084},[969,2117,1123],{"class":979},[969,2119,1126],{"class":979},[969,2121,1840],{"class":983},[969,2123,1131],{"class":979},[969,2125,1134],{"class":979},[969,2127,1137],{"class":1084},[969,2129,1005],{"class":979},[969,2131,2132,2135,2138,2140],{"class":971,"line":1156},[969,2133,2134],{"class":975},"                goto",[969,2136,2137],{"class":1001}," outer",[969,2139,1060],{"class":979},[969,2141,2142],{"class":1853}," \u002F\u002F 直接跳转——\n",[969,2144,2145],{"class":971,"line":1162},[969,2146,1859],{"class":979},[969,2148,2149],{"class":971,"line":1350},[969,2150,1153],{"class":979},[969,2152,2153],{"class":971,"line":1367},[969,2154,1159],{"class":979},[969,2156,2157,2160,2163],{"class":971,"line":1870},[969,2158,2159],{"class":1001},"outer",[969,2161,2162],{"class":979},":",[969,2164,2165],{"class":1853}," \u002F\u002F ——到标号这里！\n",[969,2167,2169,2171,2173,2175,2178,2180,2182,2184],{"class":971,"line":2168},16,[969,2170,1353],{"class":1030},[969,2172,1123],{"class":979},[969,2174,1126],{"class":979},[969,2176,2177],{"class":983},"Exit",[969,2179,1131],{"class":979},[969,2181,1134],{"class":979},[969,2183,1137],{"class":1030},[969,2185,1005],{"class":979},[969,2187,2189],{"class":971,"line":2188},17,[969,2190,1165],{"class":979},[918,2192,2193,2194,2196],{},"这里将 ",[955,2195,2159],{}," 标号标在输出语句上，它在最外层循环的后面。而第 8 行的 goto 语句中指出，当执行这一行语句的时候，直接跳转到第 12 行执行。这就实现了跳出两层循环。",[918,2198,2199],{},"goto 语句是非常自由的；它甚至可以完全实现循环的效果，比如：",[960,2201,2203],{"className":962,"code":2202,"language":964,"meta":965,"style":965},"    int i, sum{0};\n    i = 1;\nloop:\n    sum += i;\n    i++;\n    if (i \u003C 10)\n        goto loop;\n",[955,2204,2205,2221,2232,2237,2248,2256,2272],{"__ignoreMap":965},[969,2206,2207,2209,2211,2213,2215,2217,2219],{"class":971,"line":972},[969,2208,1027],{"class":997},[969,2210,1031],{"class":1030},[969,2212,1034],{"class":979},[969,2214,1251],{"class":1030},[969,2216,1254],{"class":979},[969,2218,1257],{"class":993},[969,2220,1260],{"class":979},[969,2222,2223,2226,2228,2230],{"class":971,"line":990},[969,2224,2225],{"class":1030},"    i ",[969,2227,1054],{"class":979},[969,2229,1684],{"class":993},[969,2231,1005],{"class":979},[969,2233,2234],{"class":971,"line":1008},[969,2235,2236],{"class":1030},"loop:\n",[969,2238,2239,2242,2244,2246],{"class":971,"line":1024},[969,2240,2241],{"class":1030},"    sum ",[969,2243,1335],{"class":979},[969,2245,1031],{"class":1030},[969,2247,1005],{"class":979},[969,2249,2250,2253],{"class":971,"line":1042},[969,2251,2252],{"class":1030},"    i",[969,2254,2255],{"class":979},"++;\n",[969,2257,2258,2261,2263,2265,2267,2269],{"class":971,"line":1081},[969,2259,2260],{"class":975},"    if",[969,2262,1048],{"class":979},[969,2264,1051],{"class":1030},[969,2266,1066],{"class":979},[969,2268,1069],{"class":993},[969,2270,2271],{"class":979},")\n",[969,2273,2274,2277,2280],{"class":971,"line":1095},[969,2275,2276],{"class":975},"        goto",[969,2278,2279],{"class":1030}," loop",[969,2281,1005],{"class":979},[918,2283,2284],{},"就可以实现一个简单的循环。",[2286,2287,2288],"blockquote",{},[918,2289,2290,2291,2294],{},"goto 语句来自于汇编语言中的 ",[955,2292,2293],{},"jmp"," 指令。",[918,2296,2297],{},"正因为 goto 语句太过自由，所以学术上曾经因为 goto 语句的去留进行过一场大论战。其中：",[2299,2300,2301,2313],"ul",{},[2302,2303,2304,2305],"li",{},"正方认为应该废除 goto 语句，原因有：\n",[2299,2306,2307,2310],{},[2302,2308,2309],{},"包含 goto 语句的程序难以阅读，难以查错；",[2302,2311,2312],{},"去掉 goto 语句后，可以直接从程序结构上反映程序的运行过程，而且也有利于程序正确性的证明。",[2302,2314,2315,2316],{},"反方认为 goto 语句应该保留，原因是：\n",[2299,2317,2318,2321],{},[2302,2319,2320],{},"goto 语句使用起来比较灵活，而且有些情形能够提高程序的效率；",[2302,2322,2323],{},"如果一味强调删除 goto 语句，有些情形反而会使程序过于复杂，增加一些不必要的计算量。",[918,2325,2326],{},"我们在这里不做展开，但给出如下建议：追求最简洁和最易读的写法。",[2328,2329,2330],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .s7zQu, html code.shiki .s7zQu{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html pre.shiki code .sbssI, html code.shiki .sbssI{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#F78C6C;--shiki-dark:#F78C6C}html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki .spNyl{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki .sBMFI{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}html pre.shiki code .s2Zo4, html code.shiki .s2Zo4{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#82AAFF;--shiki-dark:#82AAFF}html pre.shiki code .sTEyZ, html code.shiki .sTEyZ{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-dark:#BABED8}html pre.shiki code .swJcz, html code.shiki .swJcz{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#F07178;--shiki-dark:#F07178}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sHwdD, html code.shiki .sHwdD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#546E7A;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#676E95;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":965,"searchDepth":972,"depth":990,"links":2332},[2333,2334,2335],{"id":924,"depth":990,"text":925},{"id":1183,"depth":990,"text":1184},{"id":1607,"depth":990,"text":1608},"md",null,{},{"icon":190},{"title":208,"description":920},"3wG1T97-q3e50EjJnrvX_8gCXFhCtTo5SRl5B6Lz-n4",[2343,2345],{"title":204,"path":205,"stem":206,"description":2344,"icon":190,"children":-1},"分支语句（Branch statement），又称选择语句（Selection statement）、条件语句（Conditional statement），是引入分支结构的语句。",{"title":212,"path":213,"stem":214,"description":2346,"icon":190,"children":-1},"嗯，最后还有一种特别简单的语句叫做空语句（Null statement）。",1784618115246]