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输出数组\n",[933,1100,1102,1104,1106,1108],{"class":935,"line":1101},13,[933,1103,1027],{"class":994},[933,1105,1030],{"class":943},[933,1107,1033],{"class":957},[933,1109,969],{"class":943},[933,1111,1113,1115,1117,1119,1121,1123,1125],{"class":935,"line":1112},14,[933,1114,1041],{"class":939},[933,1116,1044],{"class":943},[933,1118,1047],{"class":994},[933,1120,944],{"class":943},[933,1122,1052],{"class":957},[933,1124,1055],{"class":943},[933,1126,985],{"class":943},[933,1128,1130,1133,1136,1138,1140,1142,1145,1148,1151],{"class":935,"line":1129},15,[933,1131,1132],{"class":1063},"        cout ",[933,1134,1135],{"class":943},"\u003C\u003C",[933,1137,995],{"class":994},[933,1139,998],{"class":943},[933,1141,1074],{"class":1063},[933,1143,1144],{"class":943},"]",[933,1146,1147],{"class":943}," \u003C\u003C",[933,1149,1150],{"class":1063}," endl",[933,1152,969],{"class":943},[933,1154,1156,1158],{"class":935,"line":1155},16,[933,1157,1083],{"class":1063},[933,1159,1086],{"class":943},[933,1161,1163],{"class":935,"line":1162},17,[933,1164,1092],{"class":943},[933,1166,1168],{"class":935,"line":1167},18,[933,1169,1170],{"class":943},"}\n",[919,1172,1173,1174,1177],{},"这种循环的特点是，在循环开始前需要设置一个循环变量，而且要对这个变量做一次赋值（比如 ",[930,1175,1176],{},"i = 0","）；同时，每一次循环体执行最后都需要让这个循环变量的值“步进”一次。基于这个共同点，C++ 引入了 for 语句。刚才的程序可以直接用 for 语句改写为这个形式：",[923,1179,1181],{"className":925,"code":1180,"language":927,"meta":928,"style":928},"#include\u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    int a[10]{};\n    int i;\n    \u002F\u002F 输入数组\n    for (i = 0; i \u003C 10; i++) {\n        cin >> a[i];\n    }\n    \u002F\u002F 输出数组\n    for (i = 0; i \u003C 10; i++) {\n        cout \u003C\u003C a[i] \u003C\u003C endl;\n    }\n}\n",[930,1182,1183,1193,1203,1213,1225,1233,1237,1269,1283,1287,1291,1319,1339,1343],{"__ignoreMap":928},[933,1184,1185,1187,1189,1191],{"class":935,"line":936},[933,1186,940],{"class":939},[933,1188,944],{"class":943},[933,1190,948],{"class":947},[933,1192,951],{"class":943},[933,1194,1195,1197,1199,1201],{"class":935,"line":954},[933,1196,958],{"class":957},[933,1198,962],{"class":961},[933,1200,966],{"class":965},[933,1202,969],{"class":943},[933,1204,1205,1207,1209,1211],{"class":935,"line":972},[933,1206,975],{"class":961},[933,1208,979],{"class":978},[933,1210,982],{"class":943},[933,1212,985],{"class":943},[933,1214,1215,1217,1219,1221,1223],{"class":935,"line":988},[933,1216,991],{"class":961},[933,1218,995],{"class":994},[933,1220,998],{"class":943},[933,1222,1001],{"class":957},[933,1224,1004],{"class":943},[933,1226,1227,1229,1231],{"class":935,"line":1007},[933,1228,991],{"class":961},[933,1230,1012],{"class":994},[933,1232,969],{"class":943},[933,1234,1235],{"class":935,"line":1017},[933,1236,1021],{"class":1020},[933,1238,1239,1242,1244,1246,1248,1250,1253,1256,1258,1260,1262,1264,1267],{"class":935,"line":1024},[933,1240,1241],{"class":939},"    for",[933,1243,1044],{"class":943},[933,1245,1047],{"class":994},[933,1247,1030],{"class":943},[933,1249,1033],{"class":957},[933,1251,1252],{"class":943},";",[933,1254,1255],{"class":994}," i ",[933,1257,944],{"class":943},[933,1259,1052],{"class":957},[933,1261,1252],{"class":943},[933,1263,1012],{"class":994},[933,1265,1266],{"class":943},"++)",[933,1268,985],{"class":943},[933,1270,1271,1273,1275,1277,1279,1281],{"class":935,"line":1038},[933,1272,1064],{"class":1063},[933,1274,1067],{"class":943},[933,1276,995],{"class":994},[933,1278,998],{"class":943},[933,1280,1074],{"class":1063},[933,1282,1077],{"class":943},[933,1284,1285],{"class":935,"line":1060},[933,1286,1092],{"class":943},[933,1288,1289],{"class":935,"line":1080},[933,1290,1098],{"class":1020},[933,1292,1293,1295,1297,1299,1301,1303,1305,1307,1309,1311,1313,1315,1317],{"class":935,"line":1089},[933,1294,1241],{"class":939},[933,1296,1044],{"class":943},[933,1298,1047],{"class":994},[933,1300,1030],{"class":943},[933,1302,1033],{"class":957},[933,1304,1252],{"class":943},[933,1306,1255],{"class":994},[933,1308,944],{"class":943},[933,1310,1052],{"class":957},[933,1312,1252],{"class":943},[933,1314,1012],{"class":994},[933,1316,1266],{"class":943},[933,1318,985],{"class":943},[933,1320,1321,1323,1325,1327,1329,1331,1333,1335,1337],{"class":935,"line":1095},[933,1322,1132],{"class":1063},[933,1324,1135],{"class":943},[933,1326,995],{"class":994},[933,1328,998],{"class":943},[933,1330,1074],{"class":1063},[933,1332,1144],{"class":943},[933,1334,1147],{"class":943},[933,1336,1150],{"class":1063},[933,1338,969],{"class":943},[933,1340,1341],{"class":935,"line":1101},[933,1342,1092],{"class":943},[933,1344,1345],{"class":935,"line":1112},[933,1346,1170],{"class":943},[919,1348,1349],{},"可以发现，for 语句类似 while 循环，只是原先写条件表达式的地方分成了三块——你也许已经猜到了这三块的含义。下面我们正式地介绍 for 语句的写法：",[1351,1352,1353],"sdsc",{},[919,1354,1355,1356,1359,1360,1363],{},"\"for (\"初始语句 ",[933,1357,1358],{},"条件表达式","\";\" ",[933,1361,1362],{},"迭代表达式","\")\"\n循环语句",[919,1365,1366,1367,1370,1371,1370,1374,1377],{},"这样一看，for 语句的括号内部分成了 ",[930,1368,1369],{},"@初始语句@"," ",[930,1372,1373],{},"@条件表达式@",[930,1375,1376],{},"@迭代表达式@"," 三个部分。现在解释 for 语句如何执行：",[1379,1380,1381,1396,1416],"ol",{},[1382,1383,1384,1385,1387,1388,1390,1391,1395],"li",{},"首先执行 ",[930,1386,1369],{}," 。 ",[930,1389,1369],{}," 是",[1392,1393,1394],"strong",{},"一条表达式语句或者一条简单的声明语句","，因此它一定是分号结尾的。",[1382,1397,1398,1399,1401,1402,1405,1406,1409,1410,1412,1413,1415],{},"然后判断 ",[930,1400,1373],{}," 是否为 ",[930,1403,1404],{},"true","。若是，则进入循环执行 ",[930,1407,1408],{},"@循环语句@"," ；否则退出循环。 ",[930,1411,1373],{}," 是可选的，若不写则默认为 ",[930,1414,1404],{},"。",[1382,1417,1418,1419,1421,1422,1424,1425,1427,1428,1430],{},"在 ",[930,1420,1408],{}," 执行完毕后，如果存在 ",[930,1423,1376],{}," ，则计算 ",[930,1426,1376],{}," 所指定的运算。 ",[930,1429,1376],{}," 运算完成后，返回步骤 2 继续循环。",[919,1432,1433],{},"文字描述看上去非常抽象，因此这张图有助于你理解这个过程：",[923,1435,1439],{"className":1436,"code":1437,"language":1438,"meta":928,"style":928},"language-flow shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","st=>start: 开始\ne=>end: 结束\nbd=>operation: 循环体\ninit=>operation: 初始语句\ncond=>condition: 条件\n表达式\niter=>operation: 运算\n迭代表达式\n\nst(right)->init\ninit(right)->cond\ncond(yes,right)->bd\nbd(right)->iter\niter(top)->cond\ncond(no)->e\n","flow",[930,1440,1441,1446,1451,1456,1461,1466,1471,1476,1481,1487,1492,1497,1502,1507,1512],{"__ignoreMap":928},[933,1442,1443],{"class":935,"line":936},[933,1444,1445],{},"st=>start: 开始\n",[933,1447,1448],{"class":935,"line":954},[933,1449,1450],{},"e=>end: 结束\n",[933,1452,1453],{"class":935,"line":972},[933,1454,1455],{},"bd=>operation: 循环体\n",[933,1457,1458],{"class":935,"line":988},[933,1459,1460],{},"init=>operation: 初始语句\n",[933,1462,1463],{"class":935,"line":1007},[933,1464,1465],{},"cond=>condition: 条件\n",[933,1467,1468],{"class":935,"line":1017},[933,1469,1470],{},"表达式\n",[933,1472,1473],{"class":935,"line":1024},[933,1474,1475],{},"iter=>operation: 运算\n",[933,1477,1478],{"class":935,"line":1038},[933,1479,1480],{},"迭代表达式\n",[933,1482,1483],{"class":935,"line":1060},[933,1484,1486],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1485},true,"\n",[933,1488,1489],{"class":935,"line":1080},[933,1490,1491],{},"st(right)->init\n",[933,1493,1494],{"class":935,"line":1089},[933,1495,1496],{},"init(right)->cond\n",[933,1498,1499],{"class":935,"line":1095},[933,1500,1501],{},"cond(yes,right)->bd\n",[933,1503,1504],{"class":935,"line":1101},[933,1505,1506],{},"bd(right)->iter\n",[933,1508,1509],{"class":935,"line":1112},[933,1510,1511],{},"iter(top)->cond\n",[933,1513,1514],{"class":935,"line":1129},[933,1515,1516],{},"cond(no)->e\n",[919,1518,1519],{},"实际上，上述 for 语句完全等价于下面这段代码：",[1351,1521,1522],{},[919,1523,1524,1525,1527],{},"\"{\"\n初始语句\n\"while (\"条件表达式\") {\"\n循环语句\n",[933,1526,1362],{},"\";\"\n\"}\"\n\"}\"",[919,1529,1530],{},"举个简单的例子，下面这段代码可以输出 0 到 20 之间 3 的倍数：",[923,1532,1534],{"className":925,"code":1533,"language":927,"meta":928,"style":928},"#include\u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    int i;\n    for (i = 0; i \u003C 20; i += 3) {\n        cout \u003C\u003C i \u003C\u003C endl;\n    }\n}\n",[930,1535,1536,1546,1556,1566,1574,1609,1623,1627],{"__ignoreMap":928},[933,1537,1538,1540,1542,1544],{"class":935,"line":936},[933,1539,940],{"class":939},[933,1541,944],{"class":943},[933,1543,948],{"class":947},[933,1545,951],{"class":943},[933,1547,1548,1550,1552,1554],{"class":935,"line":954},[933,1549,958],{"class":957},[933,1551,962],{"class":961},[933,1553,966],{"class":965},[933,1555,969],{"class":943},[933,1557,1558,1560,1562,1564],{"class":935,"line":972},[933,1559,975],{"class":961},[933,1561,979],{"class":978},[933,1563,982],{"class":943},[933,1565,985],{"class":943},[933,1567,1568,1570,1572],{"class":935,"line":988},[933,1569,991],{"class":961},[933,1571,1012],{"class":994},[933,1573,969],{"class":943},[933,1575,1576,1578,1580,1582,1584,1586,1588,1590,1592,1595,1597,1599,1602,1605,1607],{"class":935,"line":1007},[933,1577,1241],{"class":939},[933,1579,1044],{"class":943},[933,1581,1047],{"class":994},[933,1583,1030],{"class":943},[933,1585,1033],{"class":957},[933,1587,1252],{"class":943},[933,1589,1255],{"class":994},[933,1591,944],{"class":943},[933,1593,1594],{"class":957}," 20",[933,1596,1252],{"class":943},[933,1598,1255],{"class":994},[933,1600,1601],{"class":943},"+=",[933,1603,1604],{"class":957}," 3",[933,1606,1055],{"class":943},[933,1608,985],{"class":943},[933,1610,1611,1613,1615,1617,1619,1621],{"class":935,"line":1017},[933,1612,1132],{"class":1063},[933,1614,1135],{"class":943},[933,1616,1255],{"class":1063},[933,1618,1135],{"class":943},[933,1620,1150],{"class":1063},[933,1622,969],{"class":943},[933,1624,1625],{"class":935,"line":1024},[933,1626,1092],{"class":943},[933,1628,1629],{"class":935,"line":1038},[933,1630,1170],{"class":943},[919,1632,1633],{},"通过调整初始语句、条件表达式和迭代表达式，你还可以让它倒着输出：",[923,1635,1637],{"className":925,"code":1636,"language":927,"meta":928,"style":928},"#include\u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    int i;\n    for (i = 18; i >= 0; i -= 3) {\n        cout \u003C\u003C i \u003C\u003C endl;\n    }\n}\n",[930,1638,1639,1649,1659,1669,1677,1712,1726,1730],{"__ignoreMap":928},[933,1640,1641,1643,1645,1647],{"class":935,"line":936},[933,1642,940],{"class":939},[933,1644,944],{"class":943},[933,1646,948],{"class":947},[933,1648,951],{"class":943},[933,1650,1651,1653,1655,1657],{"class":935,"line":954},[933,1652,958],{"class":957},[933,1654,962],{"class":961},[933,1656,966],{"class":965},[933,1658,969],{"class":943},[933,1660,1661,1663,1665,1667],{"class":935,"line":972},[933,1662,975],{"class":961},[933,1664,979],{"class":978},[933,1666,982],{"class":943},[933,1668,985],{"class":943},[933,1670,1671,1673,1675],{"class":935,"line":988},[933,1672,991],{"class":961},[933,1674,1012],{"class":994},[933,1676,969],{"class":943},[933,1678,1679,1681,1683,1685,1687,1690,1692,1694,1697,1699,1701,1703,1706,1708,1710],{"class":935,"line":1007},[933,1680,1241],{"class":939},[933,1682,1044],{"class":943},[933,1684,1047],{"class":994},[933,1686,1030],{"class":943},[933,1688,1689],{"class":957}," 18",[933,1691,1252],{"class":943},[933,1693,1255],{"class":994},[933,1695,1696],{"class":943},">=",[933,1698,1033],{"class":957},[933,1700,1252],{"class":943},[933,1702,1255],{"class":994},[933,1704,1705],{"class":943},"-=",[933,1707,1604],{"class":957},[933,1709,1055],{"class":943},[933,1711,985],{"class":943},[933,1713,1714,1716,1718,1720,1722,1724],{"class":935,"line":1017},[933,1715,1132],{"class":1063},[933,1717,1135],{"class":943},[933,1719,1255],{"class":1063},[933,1721,1135],{"class":943},[933,1723,1150],{"class":1063},[933,1725,969],{"class":943},[933,1727,1728],{"class":935,"line":1024},[933,1729,1092],{"class":943},[933,1731,1732],{"class":935,"line":1038},[933,1733,1170],{"class":943},[919,1735,1736],{},"以上就是 for 语句的全部讲解了。for 语句在各种语言的编程中都非常常见，希望读者能够充分理解并运用。",[1738,1739,1740],"blockquote",{},[919,1741,1742,1743,1746,1747,1750,1751,1754],{},"for 语句中 for 一词来源于“令 i 从 1 循环到 n，做……”的英文 \"For i from 1 to n, do...\"。在早期的语言中，for 循环写作 ",[930,1744,1745],{},"for i = 1 to n do statement","，在 C++ 中则使用表达式和语句来替换 ",[930,1748,1749],{},"to"," 和 ",[930,1752,1753],{},"do"," 这些关键词。",[1738,1756,1757],{},[919,1758,1759],{},"for 语句和 while 语句在条件表达式的位置也可以放单个变量、带初始化器的声明（没有分号）。此时循环的条件取决于这个被声明并定义的变量隐式转换到布尔类型的值。",[1738,1761,1762],{},[919,1763,1764,1765,1770],{},"for 语句还有另一种形式称为“范围 for”。它在某些场合下可以减少代码量，但需要更多的前置知识。我会在",[1766,1767,1769],"a",{"href":1768},"\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fiterator_usage#%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86","第八章","讲它。",[1772,1773,1774],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .s7zQu, html code.shiki .s7zQu{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html pre.shiki code .sbssI, html code.shiki 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