[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2204},["ShallowReactive",2],{"navigation":3,"\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Fcharacter_type":909,"\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Fcharacter_type-surround":2200},[4,36,56,96,230,270,414,457,508,583,649,685,767,864,900,904],{"title":5,"icon":6,"path":7,"stem":8,"children":9},"附录","i-lucide-bookmark","\u002Fappendix","appendix",[10,12,16,20,24,28,32],{"title":5,"path":7,"stem":11,"icon":6},"appendix\u002Findex",{"title":13,"path":14,"stem":15,"icon":6},"命令行界面","\u002Fappendix\u002Fcli","appendix\u002Fcli",{"title":17,"path":18,"stem":19,"icon":6},"代码风格","\u002Fappendix\u002Fcoding_style","appendix\u002Fcoding_style",{"title":21,"path":22,"stem":23,"icon":6},"关键字列表","\u002Fappendix\u002Fkeyword","appendix\u002Fkeyword",{"title":25,"path":26,"stem":27,"icon":6},"运算符优先级和结合方向","\u002Fappendix\u002Foperator","appendix\u002Foperator",{"title":29,"path":30,"stem":31,"icon":6},"预处理指令","\u002Fappendix\u002Fpreprocessor","appendix\u002Fpreprocessor",{"title":33,"path":34,"stem":35,"icon":6},"值类别","\u002Fappendix\u002Fvalue_category","appendix\u002Fvalue_category",{"title":37,"icon":38,"path":39,"stem":40,"children":41},"第〇章 基本概念","i-lucide-monitor","\u002Fch00","ch00",[42,44,48,52],{"title":37,"path":39,"stem":43,"icon":38},"ch00\u002Findex",{"title":45,"path":46,"stem":47,"icon":38},"计算机","\u002Fch00\u002Fcomputer","ch00\u002Fcomputer",{"title":49,"path":50,"stem":51,"icon":38},"编程","\u002Fch00\u002Fprogramming","ch00\u002Fprogramming",{"title":53,"path":54,"stem":55,"icon":38},"编程语言","\u002Fch00\u002Fprogramming_language","ch00\u002Fprogramming_language",{"title":57,"icon":58,"path":59,"stem":60,"children":61},"第一章 感性认识 C++ 程序","i-lucide-book-open","\u002Fch01","ch01",[62,64,68,72,76,80,84,88,92],{"title":57,"path":59,"stem":63,"icon":58},"ch01\u002Findex",{"title":65,"path":66,"stem":67,"icon":58},"赋值和分支","\u002Fch01\u002Fassignment_and_if","ch01\u002Fassignment_and_if",{"title":69,"path":70,"stem":71,"icon":58},"最麻烦的门槛","\u002Fch01\u002Fenvironment","ch01\u002Fenvironment",{"title":73,"path":74,"stem":75,"icon":58},"第一个 C++ 程序","\u002Fch01\u002Ffirst_program","ch01\u002Ffirst_program",{"title":77,"path":78,"stem":79,"icon":58},"输入","\u002Fch01\u002Finput","ch01\u002Finput",{"title":81,"path":82,"stem":83,"icon":58},"综合运用","\u002Fch01\u002Fintegrated_use","ch01\u002Fintegrated_use",{"title":85,"path":86,"stem":87,"icon":58},"循环","\u002Fch01\u002Floop","ch01\u002Floop",{"title":89,"path":90,"stem":91,"icon":58},"更多的输出","\u002Fch01\u002Fmore_output","ch01\u002Fmore_output",{"title":93,"path":94,"stem":95,"icon":58},"总结","\u002Fch01\u002Fsummary","ch01\u002Fsummary",{"title":97,"path":98,"stem":99,"children":100,"icon":102},"第二章 理性认识 C++ 程序","\u002Fch02","ch02\u002Findex",[101,103,149,188,227],{"title":97,"path":98,"stem":99,"icon":102},"i-lucide-code",{"title":104,"icon":105,"path":106,"stem":107,"children":108},"第 1 部分 数据成分","i-lucide-database","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Findex",[109,110,114,118,122,126],{"title":104,"path":106,"stem":107,"icon":105},{"title":111,"path":112,"stem":113,"icon":105},"初识数组","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Farray_glance","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Farray_glance",{"title":115,"path":116,"stem":117,"icon":105},"常量","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Fconstant","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Fconstant",{"title":119,"path":120,"stem":121,"icon":105},"声明语句","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Fdeclaration_statement","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Fdeclaration_statement",{"title":123,"path":124,"stem":125,"icon":105},"只读变量","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Freadonly_variable","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Freadonly_variable",{"title":127,"icon":128,"path":129,"stem":130,"children":131},"类型系统","i-lucide-dna","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Findex",[132,133,137,141,145],{"title":127,"path":129,"stem":130,"icon":128},{"title":134,"path":135,"stem":136,"icon":128},"布尔类型","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Fboolean_type","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Fboolean_type",{"title":138,"path":139,"stem":140,"icon":128},"字符类型","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Fcharacter_type","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Fcharacter_type",{"title":142,"path":143,"stem":144,"icon":128},"浮点类型","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Ffloat_type","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Ffloat_type",{"title":146,"path":147,"stem":148,"icon":128},"整型","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Finteger_type","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Finteger_type",{"title":150,"icon":151,"path":152,"stem":153,"children":154},"第 2 部分 运算成分","i-lucide-calculator","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2","ch02\u002Fpart2\u002Findex",[155,156,160,164,168,172,176,180,184],{"title":150,"path":152,"stem":153,"icon":151},{"title":157,"path":158,"stem":159,"icon":151},"算术运算符","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Farithmetic_operator","ch02\u002Fpart2\u002Farithmetic_operator",{"title":161,"path":162,"stem":163,"icon":151},"赋值运算符","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fassignment_operator","ch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fassignment_operator",{"title":165,"path":166,"stem":167,"icon":151},"位运算符（选读）","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fbit_operator","ch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fbit_operator",{"title":169,"path":170,"stem":171,"icon":151},"关系运算符","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fcomparison_operator","ch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fcomparison_operator",{"title":173,"path":174,"stem":175,"icon":151},"算术类型隐式转换","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fimplicit_conversion","ch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fimplicit_conversion",{"title":177,"path":178,"stem":179,"icon":151},"自增减运算符","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fincdec_operator","ch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fincdec_operator",{"title":181,"path":182,"stem":183,"icon":151},"逻辑运算符","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Flogical_operator","ch02\u002Fpart2\u002Flogical_operator",{"title":185,"path":186,"stem":187,"icon":151},"其它常用运算符","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fother_operator","ch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fother_operator",{"title":189,"icon":190,"path":191,"stem":192,"children":193},"第 3 部分 控制成分","i-lucide-git-branch","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart3","ch02\u002Fpart3\u002Findex",[194,195,199,203,207,211,215,219,223],{"title":189,"path":191,"stem":192,"icon":190},{"title":196,"path":197,"stem":198,"icon":190},"复合语句","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fcompound_statement","ch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fcompound_statement",{"title":200,"path":201,"stem":202,"icon":190},"for 语句","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart3\u002Ffor_statement","ch02\u002Fpart3\u002Ffor_statement",{"title":204,"path":205,"stem":206,"icon":190},"if 语句","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fif_statement","ch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fif_statement",{"title":208,"path":209,"stem":210,"icon":190},"跳转语句","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fjump_statement","ch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fjump_statement",{"title":212,"path":213,"stem":214,"icon":190},"空语句","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fnull_statement","ch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fnull_statement",{"title":216,"path":217,"stem":218,"icon":190},"作用域","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fscope","ch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fscope",{"title":220,"path":221,"stem":222,"icon":190},"switch 语句","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fswitch_statement","ch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fswitch_statement",{"title":224,"path":225,"stem":226,"icon":190},"while 语句","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fwhile_statement","ch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fwhile_statement",{"title":93,"path":228,"stem":229,"icon":102},"\u002Fch02\u002Fsummary","ch02\u002Fsummary",{"title":231,"icon":232,"path":233,"stem":234,"children":235},"第三章 过程式编程","i-lucide-function-square","\u002Fch03","ch03",[236,239,243,247,251,255,259,263,267],{"title":231,"path":233,"stem":237,"icon":238},"ch03\u002Findex","i-lucide-square-function",{"title":240,"path":241,"stem":242,"icon":232},"函数","\u002Fch03\u002Ffunction","ch03\u002Ffunction",{"title":244,"path":245,"stem":246,"icon":232},"函数的定义、声明和调用","\u002Fch03\u002Ffunction_definition","ch03\u002Ffunction_definition",{"title":248,"path":249,"stem":250,"icon":232},"函数的执行","\u002Fch03\u002Ffunction_execution","ch03\u002Ffunction_execution",{"title":252,"path":253,"stem":254,"icon":232},"初识函数","\u002Fch03\u002Ffunction_glance","ch03\u002Ffunction_glance",{"title":256,"path":257,"stem":258,"icon":232},"递归","\u002Fch03\u002Frecursion","ch03\u002Frecursion",{"title":260,"path":261,"stem":262,"icon":232},"重新认识 C++ 程序","\u002Fch03\u002Freview_cpp","ch03\u002Freview_cpp",{"title":264,"path":265,"stem":266,"icon":232},"再谈作用域","\u002Fch03\u002Fscope_again","ch03\u002Fscope_again",{"title":93,"path":268,"stem":269,"icon":232},"\u002Fch03\u002Fsummary","ch03\u002Fsummary",{"title":271,"icon":272,"path":273,"stem":274,"children":275},"第四章 POD 类型与结构","i-lucide-layers","\u002Fch04","ch04",[276,278,301,316,320,338,365,392,407,410],{"title":271,"path":273,"stem":277,"icon":272},"ch04\u002Findex",{"title":279,"icon":280,"path":281,"stem":282,"children":283},"数组","i-lucide-grid","\u002Fch04\u002Farray","ch04\u002Farray\u002Findex",[284,285,289,293,297],{"title":279,"path":281,"stem":282,"icon":280},{"title":286,"path":287,"stem":288,"icon":280},"二维数组","\u002Fch04\u002Farray\u002F2d_array","ch04\u002Farray\u002F2d_array",{"title":290,"path":291,"stem":292,"icon":280},"数组的定义和初始化","\u002Fch04\u002Farray\u002Farray_init","ch04\u002Farray\u002Farray_init",{"title":294,"path":295,"stem":296,"icon":280},"数组的用途","\u002Fch04\u002Farray\u002Farray_usage","ch04\u002Farray\u002Farray_usage",{"title":298,"path":299,"stem":300,"icon":280},"C 风格字符串","\u002Fch04\u002Farray\u002Fc_string","ch04\u002Farray\u002Fc_string",{"title":302,"icon":303,"path":304,"stem":305,"children":306},"迁移到 C 语言","i-lucide-arrow-right-left","\u002Fch04\u002Fcompare_with_c","ch04\u002Fcompare_with_c\u002Findex",[307,308,312],{"title":302,"path":304,"stem":305,"icon":303},{"title":309,"path":310,"stem":311,"icon":303},"需要注意的 C 特性","\u002Fch04\u002Fcompare_with_c\u002Fc_feature","ch04\u002Fcompare_with_c\u002Fc_feature",{"title":313,"path":314,"stem":315,"icon":303},"C 输入输出","\u002Fch04\u002Fcompare_with_c\u002Fc_io","ch04\u002Fcompare_with_c\u002Fc_io",{"title":317,"path":318,"stem":319,"icon":272},"枚举","\u002Fch04\u002Fenum","ch04\u002Fenum",{"title":321,"path":322,"stem":323,"children":324,"icon":326},"输入输出成分","\u002Fch04\u002Fio","ch04\u002Fio\u002Findex",[325,327,330,334],{"title":321,"path":322,"stem":323,"icon":326},"i-lucide-terminal",{"title":77,"path":328,"stem":329,"icon":326},"\u002Fch04\u002Fio\u002Finput","ch04\u002Fio\u002Finput",{"title":331,"path":332,"stem":333,"icon":326},"输入失败状态","\u002Fch04\u002Fio\u002Finput_fail","ch04\u002Fio\u002Finput_fail",{"title":335,"path":336,"stem":337,"icon":326},"输出","\u002Fch04\u002Fio\u002Foutput","ch04\u002Fio\u002Foutput",{"title":339,"icon":340,"path":341,"stem":342,"children":343},"链表","i-lucide-list","\u002Fch04\u002Flist","ch04\u002Flist\u002Findex",[344,345,349,353,357,361],{"title":339,"path":341,"stem":342,"icon":340},{"title":346,"path":347,"stem":348,"icon":340},"new[] 和 delete[]","\u002Fch04\u002Flist\u002Farr_new_del","ch04\u002Flist\u002Farr_new_del",{"title":350,"path":351,"stem":352,"icon":340},"链表的增删","\u002Fch04\u002Flist\u002Flist_add_del","ch04\u002Flist\u002Flist_add_del",{"title":354,"path":355,"stem":356,"icon":340},"链表的构建","\u002Fch04\u002Flist\u002Flist_construct","ch04\u002Flist\u002Flist_construct",{"title":358,"path":359,"stem":360,"icon":340},"安全性","\u002Fch04\u002Flist\u002Fsafety","ch04\u002Flist\u002Fsafety",{"title":362,"path":363,"stem":364,"icon":340},"存储期","\u002Fch04\u002Flist\u002Fstorage_duration","ch04\u002Flist\u002Fstorage_duration",{"title":366,"path":367,"stem":368,"children":369,"icon":371},"指针","\u002Fch04\u002Fpointer","ch04\u002Fpointer\u002Findex",[370,372,376,380,384,388],{"title":366,"path":367,"stem":368,"icon":371},"i-lucide-dot",{"title":373,"path":374,"stem":375,"icon":371},"何为指针","\u002Fch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer","ch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer",{"title":377,"path":378,"stem":379,"icon":371},"指针和数组","\u002Fch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer_and_array","ch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer_and_array",{"title":381,"path":382,"stem":383,"icon":371},"指针的定义 Ⅰ","\u002Fch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer_def","ch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer_def",{"title":385,"path":386,"stem":387,"icon":371},"指针的定义 Ⅱ","\u002Fch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer_def_2","ch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer_def_2",{"title":389,"path":390,"stem":391,"icon":371},"指针的简单使用","\u002Fch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer_usage","ch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer_usage",{"title":393,"path":394,"stem":395,"children":396,"icon":398},"结构体","\u002Fch04\u002Fstruct","ch04\u002Fstruct\u002Findex",[397,399,403],{"title":393,"path":394,"stem":395,"icon":398},"i-lucide-box",{"title":400,"path":401,"stem":402,"icon":398},"结构体的定义","\u002Fch04\u002Fstruct\u002Fstruct_def","ch04\u002Fstruct\u002Fstruct_def",{"title":404,"path":405,"stem":406,"icon":398},"结构体的使用","\u002Fch04\u002Fstruct\u002Fstruct_usage","ch04\u002Fstruct\u002Fstruct_usage",{"title":93,"path":408,"stem":409,"icon":272},"\u002Fch04\u002Fsummary","ch04\u002Fsummary",{"title":411,"path":412,"stem":413,"icon":272},"联合体","\u002Fch04\u002Funion","ch04\u002Funion",{"title":415,"icon":416,"path":417,"stem":418,"children":419},"第五章 初探面向对象","i-lucide-copy","\u002Fch05","ch05",[420,422,426,430,434,438,442,446,450,454],{"title":415,"path":417,"stem":421,"icon":416},"ch05\u002Findex",{"title":423,"path":424,"stem":425,"icon":416},"构造函数","\u002Fch05\u002Fconstructor","ch05\u002Fconstructor",{"title":427,"path":428,"stem":429,"icon":416},"复制构造函数","\u002Fch05\u002Fcopy_constructor","ch05\u002Fcopy_constructor",{"title":431,"path":432,"stem":433,"icon":416},"预置构造函数","\u002Fch05\u002Fdefaulted_constructor","ch05\u002Fdefaulted_constructor",{"title":435,"path":436,"stem":437,"icon":416},"例子：简单的字符串","\u002Fch05\u002Feasy_string","ch05\u002Feasy_string",{"title":439,"path":440,"stem":441,"icon":416},"收尾工作","\u002Fch05\u002Fmisc","ch05\u002Fmisc",{"title":443,"path":444,"stem":445,"icon":416},"重载","\u002Fch05\u002Foverload","ch05\u002Foverload",{"title":447,"path":448,"stem":449,"icon":416},"引用","\u002Fch05\u002Freference","ch05\u002Freference",{"title":451,"path":452,"stem":453,"icon":416},"浅复制与深复制","\u002Fch05\u002Fshallow_deep_copy","ch05\u002Fshallow_deep_copy",{"title":93,"path":455,"stem":456,"icon":416},"\u002Fch05\u002Fsummary","ch05\u002Fsummary",{"title":458,"icon":459,"path":460,"stem":461,"children":462},"第六章 运算符重载","i-lucide-component","\u002Fch06","ch06",[463,465,469,473,477,481,485,489,493,497,501,504],{"title":458,"path":460,"stem":464,"icon":459},"ch06\u002Findex",{"title":466,"path":467,"stem":468,"icon":459},"赋值运算符重载","\u002Fch06\u002Fassignment_overload","ch06\u002Fassignment_overload",{"title":470,"path":471,"stem":472,"icon":459},"赋值与初始化","\u002Fch06\u002Fassignment_vs_construct","ch06\u002Fassignment_vs_construct",{"title":474,"path":475,"stem":476,"icon":459},"类型转换重载","\u002Fch06\u002Fcast_overload","ch06\u002Fcast_overload",{"title":478,"path":479,"stem":480,"icon":459},"只读成员函数","\u002Fch06\u002Fconst_member_function","ch06\u002Fconst_member_function",{"title":482,"path":483,"stem":484,"icon":459},"友元","\u002Fch06\u002Ffriend","ch06\u002Ffriend",{"title":486,"path":487,"stem":488,"icon":459},"类外定义成员函数","\u002Fch06\u002Fnoninline_member_function","ch06\u002Fnoninline_member_function",{"title":490,"path":491,"stem":492,"icon":459},"非成员的运算符重载","\u002Fch06\u002Fnonmember_operator","ch06\u002Fnonmember_operator",{"title":494,"path":495,"stem":496,"icon":459},"特殊运算符重载","\u002Fch06\u002Fspecial_operator_overload","ch06\u002Fspecial_operator_overload",{"title":498,"path":499,"stem":500,"icon":459},"静态成员","\u002Fch06\u002Fstatic_member","ch06\u002Fstatic_member",{"title":93,"path":502,"stem":503,"icon":459},"\u002Fch06\u002Fsummary","ch06\u002Fsummary",{"title":505,"path":506,"stem":507,"icon":459},"`this` 指针","\u002Fch06\u002Fthis","ch06\u002Fthis",{"title":509,"path":510,"stem":511,"children":512,"icon":190},"第七章 继承与多态","\u002Fch07","ch07\u002Findex",[513,514,541,545,549,580],{"title":509,"path":510,"stem":511,"icon":190},{"title":515,"icon":516,"path":517,"stem":518,"children":519},"继承关系","i-lucide-share","\u002Fch07\u002Finheritance","ch07\u002Finheritance\u002Findex",[520,521,525,529,533,537],{"title":515,"path":517,"stem":518,"icon":516},{"title":522,"path":523,"stem":524,"icon":516},"关于成员名","\u002Fch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fabout_member_name","ch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fabout_member_name",{"title":526,"path":527,"stem":528,"icon":516},"派生类的构造","\u002Fch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fderived_constructor","ch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fderived_constructor",{"title":530,"path":531,"stem":532,"icon":516},"继承中的隐式转换","\u002Fch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fimplicit_cast_in_inheritance","ch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fimplicit_cast_in_inheritance",{"title":534,"path":535,"stem":536,"icon":516},"其它小问题","\u002Fch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fmisc","ch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fmisc",{"title":538,"path":539,"stem":540,"icon":516},"保护成员","\u002Fch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fprotected_member","ch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fprotected_member",{"title":542,"path":543,"stem":544,"icon":190},"多重继承","\u002Fch07\u002Fmi","ch07\u002Fmi",{"title":546,"path":547,"stem":548,"icon":190},"简单的对象关系","\u002Fch07\u002Fobject_relationships","ch07\u002Fobject_relationships",{"title":550,"icon":551,"path":552,"stem":553,"children":554},"多态","i-lucide-refresh","\u002Fch07\u002Fpolymorphism","ch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Findex",[555,556,560,564,568,572,576],{"title":550,"path":552,"stem":553,"icon":551},{"title":557,"path":558,"stem":559,"icon":551},"抽象类","\u002Fch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Fabstract_class","ch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Fabstract_class",{"title":561,"path":562,"stem":563,"icon":551},"C++ 风格类型转换","\u002Fch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Fcpp_cast","ch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Fcpp_cast",{"title":565,"path":566,"stem":567,"icon":551},"`override` 与 `final`","\u002Fch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Foverride_and_final","ch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Foverride_and_final",{"title":569,"path":570,"stem":571,"icon":551},"RTTI","\u002Fch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Frtti","ch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Frtti",{"title":573,"path":574,"stem":575,"icon":551},"虚析构函数","\u002Fch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Fvirtual_destructor","ch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Fvirtual_destructor",{"title":577,"path":578,"stem":579,"icon":551},"虚函数","\u002Fch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Fvirtual_function","ch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Fvirtual_function",{"title":93,"path":581,"stem":582,"icon":190},"\u002Fch07\u002Fsummary","ch07\u002Fsummary",{"title":584,"icon":585,"path":586,"stem":587,"children":588},"第八章 模板基础","i-lucide-layout-template","\u002Fch08","ch08",[589,591,595,599,603,607,646],{"title":584,"path":586,"stem":590,"icon":585},"ch08\u002Findex",{"title":592,"path":593,"stem":594,"icon":585},"类模板","\u002Fch08\u002Fclass_template","ch08\u002Fclass_template",{"title":596,"path":597,"stem":598,"icon":585},"默认实参","\u002Fch08\u002Fdefault_argument","ch08\u002Fdefault_argument",{"title":600,"path":601,"stem":602,"icon":585},"函数模板","\u002Fch08\u002Ffunction_template","ch08\u002Ffunction_template",{"title":604,"path":605,"stem":606,"icon":585},"非类型模板参数","\u002Fch08\u002Fnontype_template_param","ch08\u002Fnontype_template_param",{"title":608,"icon":609,"path":610,"stem":611,"children":612},"STL 容器和迭代器","i-lucide-container","\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers","ch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Findex",[613,614,618,622,626,630,634,638,642],{"title":608,"path":610,"stem":611,"icon":609},{"title":615,"path":616,"stem":617,"icon":609},"容器适配器","\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fadaptors","ch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fadaptors",{"title":619,"path":620,"stem":621,"icon":609},"迭代器的概念","\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fiterator_concept","ch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fiterator_concept",{"title":623,"path":624,"stem":625,"icon":609},"初识迭代器","\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fiterator_glance","ch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fiterator_glance",{"title":627,"path":628,"stem":629,"icon":609},"迭代器的用途","\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fiterator_usage","ch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fiterator_usage",{"title":631,"path":632,"stem":633,"icon":609},"`std::map`","\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fmap","ch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fmap",{"title":635,"path":636,"stem":637,"icon":609},"其它顺序容器","\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fother_sequence","ch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fother_sequence",{"title":639,"path":640,"stem":641,"icon":609},"`std::set`","\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fset","ch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fset",{"title":643,"path":644,"stem":645,"icon":609},"`std::vector`","\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fvector","ch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fvector",{"title":93,"path":647,"stem":648,"icon":585},"\u002Fch08\u002Fsummary","ch08\u002Fsummary",{"title":650,"icon":651,"path":652,"stem":653,"children":654},"第九章 链接","i-lucide-link","\u002Fch09","ch09",[655,657,661,665,669,673,677,681],{"title":650,"path":652,"stem":656,"icon":651},"ch09\u002Findex",{"title":658,"path":659,"stem":660,"icon":651},"C 中的链接","\u002Fch09\u002Fc_linking","ch09\u002Fc_linking",{"title":662,"path":663,"stem":664,"icon":651},"多文件编译实践","\u002Fch09\u002Fcompile_multiple_files","ch09\u002Fcompile_multiple_files",{"title":666,"path":667,"stem":668,"icon":651},"模板中的友元","\u002Fch09\u002Ffriend_in_template","ch09\u002Ffriend_in_template",{"title":670,"path":671,"stem":672,"icon":651},"内联","\u002Fch09\u002Finline","ch09\u002Finline",{"title":674,"path":675,"stem":676,"icon":651},"单一定义原则","\u002Fch09\u002Fodr","ch09\u002Fodr",{"title":678,"path":679,"stem":680,"icon":651},"符号和连接","\u002Fch09\u002Fsymbol_and_linkage","ch09\u002Fsymbol_and_linkage",{"title":682,"path":683,"stem":684,"icon":651},"模板的链接","\u002Fch09\u002Ftemplate_linking","ch09\u002Ftemplate_linking",{"title":686,"icon":687,"path":688,"stem":689,"children":690},"第十章 常用库介绍 \u003CBadge type=\"warning\" text=\"TBC\" \u002F>","i-lucide-hard-drive","\u002Fch10","ch10",[691,694,717,732,736,740],{"title":692,"path":688,"stem":693,"icon":687},"第十章 常用库介绍","ch10\u002Findex",{"title":695,"icon":696,"path":697,"stem":698,"children":699},"代数数据类型","i-lucide-shapes","\u002Fch10\u002Fadt","ch10\u002Fadt\u002Findex",[700,701,705,709,713],{"title":695,"path":697,"stem":698,"icon":696},{"title":702,"path":703,"stem":704,"icon":696},"顶类型 `std::any`","\u002Fch10\u002Fadt\u002Fany","ch10\u002Fadt\u002Fany",{"title":706,"path":707,"stem":708,"icon":696},"底类型","\u002Fch10\u002Fadt\u002Fnoreturn","ch10\u002Fadt\u002Fnoreturn",{"title":710,"path":711,"stem":712,"icon":696},"通用积类型 `std::tuple`","\u002Fch10\u002Fadt\u002Ftuple","ch10\u002Fadt\u002Ftuple",{"title":714,"path":715,"stem":716,"icon":696},"通用和类型 `std::variant`","\u002Fch10\u002Fadt\u002Fvariant","ch10\u002Fadt\u002Fvariant",{"title":718,"icon":719,"path":720,"stem":721,"children":722},"文件读写","i-lucide-file-text","\u002Fch10\u002Ffile_io","ch10\u002Ffile_io\u002Findex",[723,724,728],{"title":718,"path":720,"stem":721,"icon":719},{"title":725,"path":726,"stem":727,"icon":719},"C 风格输入输出","\u002Fch10\u002Ffile_io\u002Fc_io","ch10\u002Ffile_io\u002Fc_io",{"title":729,"path":730,"stem":731,"icon":719},"流式输入输出","\u002Fch10\u002Ffile_io\u002Fstream","ch10\u002Ffile_io\u002Fstream",{"title":733,"path":734,"stem":735,"icon":687},"文件系统","\u002Fch10\u002Ffilesystem","ch10\u002Ffilesystem",{"title":737,"path":738,"stem":739,"icon":687},"伪随机数生成","\u002Fch10\u002Frandom","ch10\u002Frandom",{"title":741,"path":742,"stem":743,"children":744,"icon":746},"移动语义与智能指针","\u002Fch10\u002Fsmart_pointer","ch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Findex",[745,747,751,755,759,763],{"title":741,"path":742,"stem":743,"icon":746},"i-lucide-pointer",{"title":748,"path":749,"stem":750,"icon":746},"`std::move` 与转发引用","\u002Fch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Fmove_and_forward","ch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Fmove_and_forward",{"title":752,"path":753,"stem":754,"icon":746},"所有权","\u002Fch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Fownership","ch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Fownership",{"title":756,"path":757,"stem":758,"icon":746},"右值引用","\u002Fch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Frvalue_reference","ch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Frvalue_reference",{"title":760,"path":761,"stem":762,"icon":746},"`std::shared_ptr`","\u002Fch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Fshared_ptr","ch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Fshared_ptr",{"title":764,"path":765,"stem":766,"icon":746},"特殊成员函数","\u002Fch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Fspecial_member_function","ch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Fspecial_member_function",{"title":768,"icon":769,"path":770,"stem":771,"children":772},"第十一章 函数式编程","i-lucide-sparkles","\u002Fch11","ch11",[773,775,794,821,825],{"title":768,"path":770,"stem":774,"icon":769},"ch11\u002Findex",{"title":776,"icon":777,"path":778,"stem":779,"children":780},"语法进阶","i-lucide-graduation-cap","\u002Fch11\u002Fadvanced","ch11\u002Fadvanced\u002Findex",[781,782,786,790],{"title":776,"path":778,"stem":779,"icon":777},{"title":783,"path":784,"stem":785,"icon":777},"实参依赖查找","\u002Fch11\u002Fadvanced\u002Fadl","ch11\u002Fadvanced\u002Fadl",{"title":787,"path":788,"stem":789,"icon":777},"可调用","\u002Fch11\u002Fadvanced\u002Fcallable","ch11\u002Fadvanced\u002Fcallable",{"title":791,"path":792,"stem":793,"icon":777},"预置比较","\u002Fch11\u002Fadvanced\u002Fdefaulted_compare","ch11\u002Fadvanced\u002Fdefaulted_compare",{"title":795,"icon":796,"path":797,"stem":798,"children":799},"语法基础","i-lucide-book-text","\u002Fch11\u002Fgrammar","ch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Findex",[800,801,805,809,813,817],{"title":795,"path":797,"stem":798,"icon":796},{"title":802,"path":803,"stem":804,"icon":796},"闭包","\u002Fch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Fclosure","ch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Fclosure",{"title":806,"path":807,"stem":808,"icon":796},"函数也即对象","\u002Fch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Ffunction_as_object","ch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Ffunction_as_object",{"title":810,"path":811,"stem":812,"icon":796},"高阶函数","\u002Fch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Fhigher_order_function","ch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Fhigher_order_function",{"title":814,"path":815,"stem":816,"icon":796},"Lambda 表达式","\u002Fch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Flambda","ch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Flambda",{"title":818,"path":819,"stem":820,"icon":796},"Lambda 表达式捕获","\u002Fch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Flambda_capture","ch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Flambda_capture",{"title":822,"path":823,"stem":824,"icon":769},"`std::sort`","\u002Fch11\u002Fstd_sort","ch11\u002Fstd_sort",{"title":826,"icon":827,"path":828,"stem":829,"children":830},"STL 算法","i-lucide-sort-asc","\u002Fch11\u002Fstl_algorithms","ch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Findex",[831,832,836,840,844,848,852,856,860],{"title":826,"path":828,"stem":829,"icon":827},{"title":833,"path":834,"stem":835,"icon":827},"迁移到 STLv1","\u002Fch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Fcompare_with_legacy","ch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Fcompare_with_legacy",{"title":837,"path":838,"stem":839,"icon":827},"复制","\u002Fch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Fcopy","ch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Fcopy",{"title":841,"path":842,"stem":843,"icon":827},"筛选","\u002Fch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Ffilter","ch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Ffilter",{"title":845,"path":846,"stem":847,"icon":827},"其它算法","\u002Fch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Fothers","ch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Fothers",{"title":849,"path":850,"stem":851,"icon":827},"初识范围","\u002Fch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Frange","ch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Frange",{"title":853,"path":854,"stem":855,"icon":827},"归约","\u002Fch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Freduce","ch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Freduce",{"title":857,"path":858,"stem":859,"icon":827},"排序","\u002Fch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Fsort","ch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Fsort",{"title":861,"path":862,"stem":863,"icon":827},"变换","\u002Fch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Ftransform","ch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Ftransform",{"title":865,"icon":866,"path":867,"stem":868,"children":869},"第十二章 模板","i-lucide-git-fork","\u002Fch12","ch12",[870,873,877,881,885],{"title":871,"path":867,"stem":872,"icon":866},"第十二章 模板进阶","ch12\u002Findex",{"title":874,"path":875,"stem":876},"C++20 概念","\u002Fch12\u002Fconcepts","ch12\u002Fconcepts",{"title":878,"path":879,"stem":880},"模板元编程","\u002Fch12\u002Fmetaprogramming","ch12\u002Fmetaprogramming",{"title":882,"path":883,"stem":884},"模板特化与偏特化","\u002Fch12\u002Fspecialization","ch12\u002Fspecialization",{"title":886,"icon":887,"path":888,"stem":889,"children":890},"静态派发","i-lucide-route","\u002Fch12\u002Fstatic_dispatch","ch12\u002Fstatic_dispatch\u002Findex",[891,892,896],{"title":886,"path":888,"stem":889},{"title":893,"path":894,"stem":895},"定制点","\u002Fch12\u002Fstatic_dispatch\u002Fcustomize_point","ch12\u002Fstatic_dispatch\u002Fcustomize_point",{"title":897,"path":898,"stem":899},"类型擦除","\u002Fch12\u002Fstatic_dispatch\u002Ftype_erasure","ch12\u002Fstatic_dispatch\u002Ftype_erasure",{"title":901,"path":902,"stem":903,"icon":6},"后记","\u002Fpostscript","postscript",{"title":905,"path":906,"stem":907,"icon":908},"技术信息","\u002Ftechnical_info","technical_info","i-lucide-info",{"id":910,"title":138,"body":911,"description":2193,"extension":2194,"links":2195,"meta":2196,"navigation":2197,"path":139,"seo":2198,"stem":140,"__hash__":2199},"docs\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Fcharacter_type.md",{"type":912,"value":913,"toc":2187},"minimark",[914,917,926,947,957,975,978,1015,1029,1033,1042,1049,1111,1114,1118,1148,1339,1342,1491,1494,1504,1510,1520,1696,1699,1704,1723,1725,1728,1731,1918,1930,1933,1942,1945,2183],[915,916,138],"h1",{"id":138},[918,919,920,921,925],"p",{},"字符类型（Character type）变量，顾名思义是用来存储字符的变量。它也包括许多分类，不过我们只需要掌握其中一种就够了。这一种就是之前提到过的 ",[922,923,924],"code",{},"char"," 型变量。",[918,927,928,930,931,935,936,939,940,943,944,946],{},[922,929,924],{}," 型变量是用于存储部分字符的变量。这部分字符被称作 ",[932,933,934],"strong",{},"ASCII 字符","，它包括",[932,937,938],{},"不可见字符","和",[932,941,942],{},"可见字符","两部分，共 128 个。除了这 128 个字符之外的字符一般不能用 ",[922,945,924],{}," 型变量来存储。其中：",[948,949,950,954],"ul",{},[951,952,953],"li",{},"不可见字符 33 个，包括换行、Tab（制表符）、退格、删除和响铃等控制字符。",[951,955,956],{},"可见字符 95 个，包括大小写字母、数字和常见符号等打印字符。",[918,958,959,960,963,964,963,966,963,968,963,971,974],{},"可见字符顾名思义是“可以看见”的字符。这些字符主要的作用是供读者阅读：比如 ",[922,961,962],{},"A"," ",[922,965,918],{},[922,967,918],{},[922,969,970],{},"l",[922,972,973],{},"e"," 这五个字符共同组成了 Apple 这个单词，然后读者可以理解它的意思。不可见字符则是“不可以看见”的字符。有读者可能奇怪，不能看见的字符有什么用呢？其实它的作用主要是控制计算机的除了阅读外的一些其它功能：比如“换行字符”可以让控制台的光标移动到下一行，“响铃字符”可以让计算机发出一个声音等等。",[918,976,977],{},"可见字符可以用单引号引起的方式表示出来。比如",[979,980,985],"pre",{"className":981,"code":982,"language":983,"meta":984,"style":984},"language-cpp shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","char at{'@'};\n","cpp","",[922,986,987],{"__ignoreMap":984},[988,989,992,995,999,1003,1006,1010,1012],"span",{"class":990,"line":991},"line",1,[988,993,924],{"class":994},"spNyl",[988,996,998],{"class":997},"sTEyZ"," at",[988,1000,1002],{"class":1001},"sMK4o","{",[988,1004,1005],{"class":1001},"'",[988,1007,1009],{"class":1008},"sfazB","@",[988,1011,1005],{"class":1001},[988,1013,1014],{"class":1001},"};\n",[918,1016,1017,1018,1021,1022,1025,1026,1028],{},"定义了一个名为 ",[922,1019,1020],{},"at"," 的字符型变量，它的初始化值是 ",[922,1023,1024],{},"'@'"," ，也就是目前存储了 ",[922,1027,1009],{},"  这个字符。",[1030,1031,1032],"h2",{"id":1032},"存储细节",[918,1034,1035,1036,1038,1039,1041],{},"C++标准规定 ",[922,1037,924],{}," 型的大小为 1 字节。这就是为什么有的时候 ",[922,1040,924],{}," 就是字节类型的同义词。",[918,1043,1044,1045,1048],{},"常识告诉我们，计算机中只能存储二进制数，不能直接存储一个字符。所以计算机采用了 ",[932,1046,1047],{},"ASCII 码表","来实现字符到数的对应。比如：",[948,1050,1051,1057,1063,1069,1072,1077,1083,1089,1091,1097,1103,1109],{},[951,1052,1053,1056],{},[922,1054,1055],{},"' '"," （空格）对应 20",[951,1058,1059,1062],{},[922,1060,1061],{},"'0'"," （字符 0）对应 48",[951,1064,1065,1068],{},[922,1066,1067],{},"'1'"," （字符 1）对应 49",[951,1070,1071],{},"……",[951,1073,1074,1076],{},[922,1075,1024],{}," 对应 64",[951,1078,1079,1082],{},[922,1080,1081],{},"'A'"," 对应 65",[951,1084,1085,1088],{},[922,1086,1087],{},"'B'"," 对应 66",[951,1090,1071],{},[951,1092,1093,1096],{},[922,1094,1095],{},"'Z'"," 对应 90",[951,1098,1099,1102],{},[922,1100,1101],{},"'a'"," 对应 97",[951,1104,1105,1108],{},[922,1106,1107],{},"'b'"," 对应 98",[951,1110,1071],{},[918,1112,1113],{},"等等。有时我们称字符所对应的数为这个字符的ASCII码。完整的ASCII码表可以参见书后附录，我们不需要特别记忆它。",[1115,1116],"h6",{"id":1117},"idx_转义字符",[918,1119,1120,1121,1123,1124,1127,1128,1131,1132,1135,1136,1139,1140,1143,1144,1147],{},"我们已经知道了如何将一些可见字符赋值给字符类型，那么如何将不可见字符——比如换行符赋给字符类型呢？又如何使用单引号 ",[922,1122,1005],{}," 和双引号 ",[922,1125,1126],{},"\""," 却不引起歧义呢？这时需要使用转义字符这个概念。",[932,1129,1130],{},"转义字符","（Escaped character）是以反斜杠 ",[922,1133,1134],{},"'\\'"," 开头的字符。反斜杠及其后面的字符将",[932,1137,1138],{},"作为一个整体","代表一个新的含义的字符。比如，我们使用 ",[922,1141,1142],{},"'\\n'"," 表示换行符，使用 ",[922,1145,1146],{},"'\\t'"," 表示制表符。可能的转义字符在下表列出：",[1149,1150,1151,1166],"table",{},[1152,1153,1154],"thead",{},[1155,1156,1157,1160,1163],"tr",{},[1158,1159,1130],"th",{},[1158,1161,1162],{},"描述",[1158,1164,1165],{},"表示",[1167,1168,1169,1183,1196,1209,1222,1235,1248,1261,1274,1287,1300,1313,1326],"tbody",{},[1155,1170,1171,1177,1180],{},[1172,1173,1174],"td",{},[922,1175,1176],{},"\\'",[1172,1178,1179],{},"单引号",[1172,1181,1182],{},"ASCII 编码中为字节 0x27",[1155,1184,1185,1190,1193],{},[1172,1186,1187],{},[922,1188,1189],{},"\\\"",[1172,1191,1192],{},"双引号",[1172,1194,1195],{},"ASCII 编码中为字节 0x22",[1155,1197,1198,1203,1206],{},[1172,1199,1200],{},[922,1201,1202],{},"\\?",[1172,1204,1205],{},"问号",[1172,1207,1208],{},"ASCII 编码中为字节 0x3f",[1155,1210,1211,1216,1219],{},[1172,1212,1213],{},[922,1214,1215],{},"\\\\",[1172,1217,1218],{},"反斜杠",[1172,1220,1221],{},"ASCII 编码中为字节 0x5c",[1155,1223,1224,1229,1232],{},[1172,1225,1226],{},[922,1227,1228],{},"\\a",[1172,1230,1231],{},"响铃",[1172,1233,1234],{},"ASCII 编码中为字节 0x07",[1155,1236,1237,1242,1245],{},[1172,1238,1239],{},[922,1240,1241],{},"\\b",[1172,1243,1244],{},"退格",[1172,1246,1247],{},"ASCII 编码中为字节 0x08",[1155,1249,1250,1255,1258],{},[1172,1251,1252],{},[922,1253,1254],{},"\\f",[1172,1256,1257],{},"换页",[1172,1259,1260],{},"ASCII 编码中为字节 0x0c",[1155,1262,1263,1268,1271],{},[1172,1264,1265],{},[922,1266,1267],{},"\\n",[1172,1269,1270],{},"换行",[1172,1272,1273],{},"ASCII 编码中为字节 0x0a",[1155,1275,1276,1281,1284],{},[1172,1277,1278],{},[922,1279,1280],{},"\\r",[1172,1282,1283],{},"回车",[1172,1285,1286],{},"ASCII 编码中为字节 0x0d",[1155,1288,1289,1294,1297],{},[1172,1290,1291],{},[922,1292,1293],{},"\\t",[1172,1295,1296],{},"水平制表",[1172,1298,1299],{},"ASCII 编码中为字节 0x09",[1155,1301,1302,1307,1310],{},[1172,1303,1304],{},[922,1305,1306],{},"\\v",[1172,1308,1309],{},"垂直制表",[1172,1311,1312],{},"ASCII 编码中为字节 0x0b",[1155,1314,1315,1320,1323],{},[1172,1316,1317],{},[922,1318,1319],{},"\\nnn",[1172,1321,1322],{},"任意八进制值",[1172,1324,1325],{},"字节 nnn",[1155,1327,1328,1333,1336],{},[1172,1329,1330],{},[922,1331,1332],{},"\\xnn",[1172,1334,1335],{},"任意十六进制值",[1172,1337,1338],{},"字节 nn",[918,1340,1341],{},"同样地，转义字符也可以作为“一句话”的一部分出现在双引号内。下面是一个使用转义字符的例子：",[979,1343,1345],{"className":981,"code":1344,"language":983,"meta":984,"style":984},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"This is the first line!\\n\"; \u002F\u002F \\n 是换行的意思，和 endl 类似\n    cout \u003C\u003C '\\a' \u003C\u003C '\\\\' \u003C\u003C endl;        \u002F\u002F \\a 是响铃的意思； \\\\ 是输出反斜杠 \\ 本身\n    cout \u003C\u003C '\\\"' \u003C\u003C \"\\'\\\"\" \u003C\u003C endl;      \u002F\u002F \\\" 是输出双引号 \" ； \\' 是输出单引号 '\n}\n",[922,1346,1347,1362,1379,1395,1421,1454,1485],{"__ignoreMap":984},[988,1348,1349,1353,1356,1359],{"class":990,"line":991},[988,1350,1352],{"class":1351},"s7zQu","#include",[988,1354,1355],{"class":1001}," \u003C",[988,1357,1358],{"class":1008},"iostream",[988,1360,1361],{"class":1001},">\n",[988,1363,1365,1369,1372,1376],{"class":990,"line":1364},2,[988,1366,1368],{"class":1367},"sbssI","using",[988,1370,1371],{"class":994}," namespace",[988,1373,1375],{"class":1374},"sBMFI"," std",[988,1377,1378],{"class":1001},";\n",[988,1380,1382,1385,1389,1392],{"class":990,"line":1381},3,[988,1383,1384],{"class":994},"int",[988,1386,1388],{"class":1387},"s2Zo4"," main",[988,1390,1391],{"class":1001},"()",[988,1393,1394],{"class":1001}," {\n",[988,1396,1398,1401,1404,1407,1410,1412,1414,1417],{"class":990,"line":1397},4,[988,1399,1400],{"class":997},"    cout ",[988,1402,1403],{"class":1001},"\u003C\u003C",[988,1405,1406],{"class":1001}," \"",[988,1408,1409],{"class":1008},"This is the first line!",[988,1411,1267],{"class":997},[988,1413,1126],{"class":1001},[988,1415,1416],{"class":1001},";",[988,1418,1420],{"class":1419},"sHwdD"," \u002F\u002F \\n 是换行的意思，和 endl 类似\n",[988,1422,1424,1426,1428,1431,1433,1435,1438,1440,1442,1444,1446,1449,1451],{"class":990,"line":1423},5,[988,1425,1400],{"class":997},[988,1427,1403],{"class":1001},[988,1429,1430],{"class":1001}," '",[988,1432,1228],{"class":997},[988,1434,1005],{"class":1001},[988,1436,1437],{"class":1001}," \u003C\u003C",[988,1439,1430],{"class":1001},[988,1441,1215],{"class":997},[988,1443,1005],{"class":1001},[988,1445,1437],{"class":1001},[988,1447,1448],{"class":997}," endl",[988,1450,1416],{"class":1001},[988,1452,1453],{"class":1419},"        \u002F\u002F \\a 是响铃的意思； \\\\ 是输出反斜杠 \\ 本身\n",[988,1455,1457,1459,1461,1463,1465,1467,1469,1471,1474,1476,1478,1480,1482],{"class":990,"line":1456},6,[988,1458,1400],{"class":997},[988,1460,1403],{"class":1001},[988,1462,1430],{"class":1001},[988,1464,1189],{"class":997},[988,1466,1005],{"class":1001},[988,1468,1437],{"class":1001},[988,1470,1406],{"class":1001},[988,1472,1473],{"class":997},"\\'\\\"",[988,1475,1126],{"class":1001},[988,1477,1437],{"class":1001},[988,1479,1448],{"class":997},[988,1481,1416],{"class":1001},[988,1483,1484],{"class":1419},"      \u002F\u002F \\\" 是输出双引号 \" ； \\' 是输出单引号 '\n",[988,1486,1488],{"class":990,"line":1487},7,[988,1489,1490],{"class":1001},"}\n",[918,1492,1493],{},"它的编译运行结果为（并可能响铃一次）：",[1495,1496,1497],"io-block",{},[918,1498,1499,1500,1503],{},"This is the first line!\n",[1501,1502],"br",{},"\n\"'\"",[1505,1506,1507],"blockquote",{},[918,1508,1509],{},"响铃与否取决于你使用的终端。如果直接在终端运行的话，Windows 10 会发出“噔咚咚”的响铃；macOS 可能会发出“嘟”的一声。",[918,1511,1512,1513,1516,1517,1519],{},"你可能已经注意到了，字符型和布尔型都属于整数类型的范畴。因此它们都可以像整数那样进行计算如加法、减法等：比如 ",[922,1514,1515],{},"'A' + 1"," 的结果就是 ",[922,1518,1087],{}," 。下面这个例子简单演示了字符类型的运算：",[979,1521,1523],{"className":981,"code":1522,"language":983,"meta":984,"style":984},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    char a{64};  \u002F\u002F @ 的 ASCII 值为 64\n    int b{'Z'};\n    int c{b - a};\n    char d{'a' + 12};\n    cout \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C \" \" \u003C\u003C b \u003C\u003C endl;\n    cout \u003C\u003C c \u003C\u003C \" \" \u003C\u003C d \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n",[922,1524,1525,1535,1545,1555,1574,1593,1613,1637,1664,1691],{"__ignoreMap":984},[988,1526,1527,1529,1531,1533],{"class":990,"line":991},[988,1528,1352],{"class":1351},[988,1530,1355],{"class":1001},[988,1532,1358],{"class":1008},[988,1534,1361],{"class":1001},[988,1536,1537,1539,1541,1543],{"class":990,"line":1364},[988,1538,1368],{"class":1367},[988,1540,1371],{"class":994},[988,1542,1375],{"class":1374},[988,1544,1378],{"class":1001},[988,1546,1547,1549,1551,1553],{"class":990,"line":1381},[988,1548,1384],{"class":994},[988,1550,1388],{"class":1387},[988,1552,1391],{"class":1001},[988,1554,1394],{"class":1001},[988,1556,1557,1560,1563,1565,1568,1571],{"class":990,"line":1397},[988,1558,1559],{"class":994},"    char",[988,1561,1562],{"class":997}," a",[988,1564,1002],{"class":1001},[988,1566,1567],{"class":1367},"64",[988,1569,1570],{"class":1001},"};",[988,1572,1573],{"class":1419},"  \u002F\u002F @ 的 ASCII 值为 64\n",[988,1575,1576,1579,1582,1584,1586,1589,1591],{"class":990,"line":1423},[988,1577,1578],{"class":994},"    int",[988,1580,1581],{"class":997}," b",[988,1583,1002],{"class":1001},[988,1585,1005],{"class":1001},[988,1587,1588],{"class":1008},"Z",[988,1590,1005],{"class":1001},[988,1592,1014],{"class":1001},[988,1594,1595,1597,1600,1602,1606,1609,1611],{"class":990,"line":1456},[988,1596,1578],{"class":994},[988,1598,1599],{"class":997}," c",[988,1601,1002],{"class":1001},[988,1603,1605],{"class":1604},"swJcz","b ",[988,1607,1608],{"class":1001},"-",[988,1610,1562],{"class":1604},[988,1612,1014],{"class":1001},[988,1614,1615,1617,1620,1622,1624,1627,1629,1632,1635],{"class":990,"line":1487},[988,1616,1559],{"class":994},[988,1618,1619],{"class":997}," d",[988,1621,1002],{"class":1001},[988,1623,1005],{"class":1001},[988,1625,1626],{"class":1008},"a",[988,1628,1005],{"class":1001},[988,1630,1631],{"class":1001}," +",[988,1633,1634],{"class":1367}," 12",[988,1636,1014],{"class":1001},[988,1638,1640,1642,1644,1647,1649,1651,1653,1655,1658,1660,1662],{"class":990,"line":1639},8,[988,1641,1400],{"class":997},[988,1643,1403],{"class":1001},[988,1645,1646],{"class":997}," a ",[988,1648,1403],{"class":1001},[988,1650,1406],{"class":1001},[988,1652,1406],{"class":1001},[988,1654,1437],{"class":1001},[988,1656,1657],{"class":997}," b ",[988,1659,1403],{"class":1001},[988,1661,1448],{"class":997},[988,1663,1378],{"class":1001},[988,1665,1667,1669,1671,1674,1676,1678,1680,1682,1685,1687,1689],{"class":990,"line":1666},9,[988,1668,1400],{"class":997},[988,1670,1403],{"class":1001},[988,1672,1673],{"class":997}," c ",[988,1675,1403],{"class":1001},[988,1677,1406],{"class":1001},[988,1679,1406],{"class":1001},[988,1681,1437],{"class":1001},[988,1683,1684],{"class":997}," d ",[988,1686,1403],{"class":1001},[988,1688,1448],{"class":997},[988,1690,1378],{"class":1001},[988,1692,1694],{"class":990,"line":1693},10,[988,1695,1490],{"class":1001},[918,1697,1698],{},"它的运算结果如下，你可以对照 ASCII 码表进行验证：",[1495,1700,1701],{},[918,1702,1703],{},"@ 90\n26 m",[1505,1705,1706],{},[918,1707,1708,1709,1711,1712,1715,1716,1719,1720,1722],{},"实际上， ",[922,1710,924],{}," 类型也区分 ",[922,1713,1714],{},"signed"," 与 ",[922,1717,1718],{},"unsigned"," 。但是你可以发现它们的取值范围分别是 -128 ~ 127 和 0  256；其中都覆盖了 ASCII 码表的取值范围（0 ~ 127）。因此在存储 ASCII 字符时， ",[922,1721,924],{}," 的有无符号性是没有影响的。",[1030,1724,93],{"id":93},[918,1726,1727],{},"至此我们已经将 C++ 的最基础的类型——算术类型讲解完毕了。下面这张表大致地总结了它们：",[918,1729,1730],{},"| 类型说明符          | 含义           | 一般的字节数 | 一般的取值范围                  ||",[1149,1732,1733,1752],{},[1152,1734,1735],{},[1155,1736,1737,1740,1742,1744,1748],{},[1158,1738,1739],{},"^^",[1158,1741,1739],{},[1158,1743,1739],{},[1158,1745,1746],{},[922,1747,1714],{},[1158,1749,1750],{},[922,1751,1718],{},[1167,1753,1754,1777,1791,1810,1825,1847,1866,1883,1900],{},[1155,1755,1756,1761,1763,1766,1775],{},[1172,1757,1758],{},[922,1759,1760],{},"bool",[1172,1762,134],{},[1172,1764,1765],{},"1",[1172,1767,1768,1771,1772],{},[922,1769,1770],{},"true"," 或 ",[922,1773,1774],{},"false",[1172,1776],{},[1155,1778,1779,1783,1785,1787,1789],{},[1172,1780,1781],{},[922,1782,924],{},[1172,1784,138],{},[1172,1786,1765],{},[1172,1788,934],{},[1172,1790],{},[1155,1792,1793,1798,1801,1804,1807],{},[1172,1794,1795],{},[922,1796,1797],{},"short",[1172,1799,1800],{},"短整型",[1172,1802,1803],{},"2",[1172,1805,1806],{},"$-2^{15}$ ~ $2^{15}-1$",[1172,1808,1809],{},"$0$ ~ $2^{16}-1$",[1155,1811,1812,1816,1818,1821,1823],{},[1172,1813,1814],{},[922,1815,1384],{},[1172,1817,146],{},[1172,1819,1820],{},"4",[1172,1822,1806],{},[1172,1824,1809],{},[1155,1826,1827,1836,1839,1841,1844],{},[1172,1828,1829,963,1832],{},[922,1830,1831],{},"long",[1833,1834,1835],"sup",{},"※",[1172,1837,1838],{},"长整型",[1172,1840,1820],{},[1172,1842,1843],{},"$-2^{31}$ ~ $2^{31}-1$",[1172,1845,1846],{},"$0$ ~ $2^{32}-1$",[1155,1848,1849,1854,1857,1860,1863],{},[1172,1850,1851],{},[922,1852,1853],{},"long long",[1172,1855,1856],{},"扩展长整型",[1172,1858,1859],{},"8",[1172,1861,1862],{},"$-2^{63}$ ~ $2^{63}-1$",[1172,1864,1865],{},"$0$ ~ $2^{64}-1$",[1155,1867,1868,1873,1876,1878,1881],{},[1172,1869,1870],{},[922,1871,1872],{},"float",[1172,1874,1875],{},"单精度浮点型",[1172,1877,1820],{},[1172,1879,1880],{},"6~7 位有效数字",[1172,1882],{},[1155,1884,1885,1890,1893,1895,1898],{},[1172,1886,1887],{},[922,1888,1889],{},"double",[1172,1891,1892],{},"双精度浮点型",[1172,1894,1859],{},[1172,1896,1897],{},"15~16 位有效数字",[1172,1899],{},[1155,1901,1902,1907,1910,1913,1916],{},[1172,1903,1904],{},[922,1905,1906],{},"long double",[1172,1908,1909],{},"扩展精度浮点型",[1172,1911,1912],{},"$\\geqslant$ 8",[1172,1914,1915],{},"不少于 15 位有效数字",[1172,1917],{},[918,1919,1920],{},[1921,1922,1923,1924,1926,1927,1929],"small",{},"※ 在 64 位的 UNIX 或类 UNIX 系统下， ",[922,1925,1831],{}," 占用 8 字节，表示范围与 ",[922,1928,1853],{}," 相同。",[1030,1931,1932],{"id":1932},"练习",[1934,1935,1936],"ol",{},[951,1937,1938,1939,1941],{},"仿照上一章的“猜数游戏”，编写一个“猜字母”的游戏：程序指定一个大写字母，允许用户通过多次输入来猜测是哪一个字母，直至猜对为止。猜错的提示与“猜数游戏”相同，输出提示是猜“大”了还是“小”了。（提示： ",[922,1940,924],{}," 型变量仍然可以通过大于、小于号进行比较。）",[1030,1943,1944],{"id":1944},"练习参考答案",[979,1946,1948],{"className":981,"code":1947,"language":983,"meta":984,"style":984},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    char ans{'G'}; \u002F\u002F 答案\n    char x{'A'};   \u002F\u002F 这里不写初始化器也没有问题。\n    cin >> x;\n    while (x != ans) {\n        if (x > ans) {\n            cout \u003C\u003C \"That's bigger than the answer. Try again?\" \u003C\u003C endl;\n        }\n        if (x \u003C ans) {\n            cout \u003C\u003C \"That's smaller than the answer. Try again?\" \u003C\u003C endl;\n        }\n        cin >> x;\n    }\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"Bingo! You got the answer!\" \u003C\u003C endl;\n}\n",[922,1949,1950,1960,1970,1980,2001,2021,2033,2054,2072,2092,2097,2115,2135,2140,2152,2158,2178],{"__ignoreMap":984},[988,1951,1952,1954,1956,1958],{"class":990,"line":991},[988,1953,1352],{"class":1351},[988,1955,1355],{"class":1001},[988,1957,1358],{"class":1008},[988,1959,1361],{"class":1001},[988,1961,1962,1964,1966,1968],{"class":990,"line":1364},[988,1963,1368],{"class":1367},[988,1965,1371],{"class":994},[988,1967,1375],{"class":1374},[988,1969,1378],{"class":1001},[988,1971,1972,1974,1976,1978],{"class":990,"line":1381},[988,1973,1384],{"class":994},[988,1975,1388],{"class":1387},[988,1977,1391],{"class":1001},[988,1979,1394],{"class":1001},[988,1981,1982,1984,1987,1989,1991,1994,1996,1998],{"class":990,"line":1397},[988,1983,1559],{"class":994},[988,1985,1986],{"class":997}," ans",[988,1988,1002],{"class":1001},[988,1990,1005],{"class":1001},[988,1992,1993],{"class":1008},"G",[988,1995,1005],{"class":1001},[988,1997,1570],{"class":1001},[988,1999,2000],{"class":1419}," \u002F\u002F 答案\n",[988,2002,2003,2005,2008,2010,2012,2014,2016,2018],{"class":990,"line":1423},[988,2004,1559],{"class":994},[988,2006,2007],{"class":997}," x",[988,2009,1002],{"class":1001},[988,2011,1005],{"class":1001},[988,2013,962],{"class":1008},[988,2015,1005],{"class":1001},[988,2017,1570],{"class":1001},[988,2019,2020],{"class":1419},"   \u002F\u002F 这里不写初始化器也没有问题。\n",[988,2022,2023,2026,2029,2031],{"class":990,"line":1456},[988,2024,2025],{"class":997},"    cin ",[988,2027,2028],{"class":1001},">>",[988,2030,2007],{"class":997},[988,2032,1378],{"class":1001},[988,2034,2035,2038,2041,2044,2047,2049,2052],{"class":990,"line":1487},[988,2036,2037],{"class":1351},"    while",[988,2039,2040],{"class":1001}," (",[988,2042,2043],{"class":997},"x ",[988,2045,2046],{"class":1001},"!=",[988,2048,1986],{"class":997},[988,2050,2051],{"class":1001},")",[988,2053,1394],{"class":1001},[988,2055,2056,2059,2061,2063,2066,2068,2070],{"class":990,"line":1639},[988,2057,2058],{"class":1351},"        if",[988,2060,2040],{"class":1001},[988,2062,2043],{"class":1604},[988,2064,2065],{"class":1001},">",[988,2067,1986],{"class":1604},[988,2069,2051],{"class":1001},[988,2071,1394],{"class":1001},[988,2073,2074,2077,2079,2081,2084,2086,2088,2090],{"class":990,"line":1666},[988,2075,2076],{"class":1604},"            cout ",[988,2078,1403],{"class":1001},[988,2080,1406],{"class":1001},[988,2082,2083],{"class":1008},"That's bigger than the answer. Try again?",[988,2085,1126],{"class":1001},[988,2087,1437],{"class":1001},[988,2089,1448],{"class":1604},[988,2091,1378],{"class":1001},[988,2093,2094],{"class":990,"line":1693},[988,2095,2096],{"class":1001},"        }\n",[988,2098,2100,2102,2104,2106,2109,2111,2113],{"class":990,"line":2099},11,[988,2101,2058],{"class":1351},[988,2103,2040],{"class":1001},[988,2105,2043],{"class":1604},[988,2107,2108],{"class":1001},"\u003C",[988,2110,1986],{"class":1604},[988,2112,2051],{"class":1001},[988,2114,1394],{"class":1001},[988,2116,2118,2120,2122,2124,2127,2129,2131,2133],{"class":990,"line":2117},12,[988,2119,2076],{"class":1604},[988,2121,1403],{"class":1001},[988,2123,1406],{"class":1001},[988,2125,2126],{"class":1008},"That's smaller than the answer. Try again?",[988,2128,1126],{"class":1001},[988,2130,1437],{"class":1001},[988,2132,1448],{"class":1604},[988,2134,1378],{"class":1001},[988,2136,2138],{"class":990,"line":2137},13,[988,2139,2096],{"class":1001},[988,2141,2143,2146,2148,2150],{"class":990,"line":2142},14,[988,2144,2145],{"class":1604},"        cin ",[988,2147,2028],{"class":1001},[988,2149,2007],{"class":1604},[988,2151,1378],{"class":1001},[988,2153,2155],{"class":990,"line":2154},15,[988,2156,2157],{"class":1001},"    }\n",[988,2159,2161,2163,2165,2167,2170,2172,2174,2176],{"class":990,"line":2160},16,[988,2162,1400],{"class":997},[988,2164,1403],{"class":1001},[988,2166,1406],{"class":1001},[988,2168,2169],{"class":1008},"Bingo! You got the answer!",[988,2171,1126],{"class":1001},[988,2173,1437],{"class":1001},[988,2175,1448],{"class":997},[988,2177,1378],{"class":1001},[988,2179,2181],{"class":990,"line":2180},17,[988,2182,1490],{"class":1001},[2184,2185,2186],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki .spNyl{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .sTEyZ, html code.shiki .sTEyZ{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-dark:#BABED8}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s7zQu, html code.shiki .s7zQu{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sbssI, html code.shiki .sbssI{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#F78C6C;--shiki-dark:#F78C6C}html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki .sBMFI{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}html pre.shiki code .s2Zo4, html code.shiki .s2Zo4{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#82AAFF;--shiki-dark:#82AAFF}html pre.shiki code .sHwdD, html code.shiki .sHwdD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#546E7A;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#676E95;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .swJcz, html code.shiki .swJcz{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#F07178;--shiki-dark:#F07178}",{"title":984,"searchDepth":991,"depth":1364,"links":2188},[2189,2190,2191,2192],{"id":1032,"depth":1364,"text":1032},{"id":93,"depth":1364,"text":93},{"id":1932,"depth":1364,"text":1932},{"id":1944,"depth":1364,"text":1944},"字符类型（Character type）变量，顾名思义是用来存储字符的变量。","md",null,{},{"icon":128},{"title":138,"description":2193},"c8O_yhYj1oN08gnDZKdyCq6qXnNfimwqZzt83TyB9zU",[2201,2203],{"title":134,"path":135,"stem":136,"description":2202,"icon":128,"children":-1},"布尔类型（Boolean Type）是用于存储“真”或“假”的变量。",{"title":142,"path":143,"stem":144,"description":142,"icon":128,"children":-1},1784618147262]