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7",[936,1132,1000],{"class":946},[936,1134,1003],{"class":977},[936,1136,981],{"class":946},[936,1138,1008],{"class":984},[936,1140,1011],{"class":946},[936,1142,1143],{"class":938,"line":1014},[936,1144,1017],{"class":946},[926,1146,1148],{"className":928,"code":1147,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nint main() {\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C 9 \u002F 3 \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\n",[933,1149,1150,1160,1170,1198],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,1151,1152,1154,1156,1158],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,1153,943],{"class":942},[936,1155,947],{"class":946},[936,1157,951],{"class":950},[936,1159,954],{"class":946},[936,1161,1162,1164,1166,1168],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,1163,961],{"class":960},[936,1165,965],{"class":964},[936,1167,968],{"class":946},[936,1169,971],{"class":946},[936,1171,1172,1174,1176,1178,1180,1183,1186,1188,1190,1192,1194,1196],{"class":938,"line":974},[936,1173,978],{"class":977},[936,1175,981],{"class":946},[936,1177,985],{"class":984},[936,1179,988],{"class":946},[936,1181,1182],{"class":991}," 9",[936,1184,1185],{"class":946}," \u002F",[936,1187,1072],{"class":991},[936,1189,1000],{"class":946},[936,1191,1003],{"class":977},[936,1193,981],{"class":946},[936,1195,1008],{"class":984},[936,1197,1011],{"class":946},[936,1199,1200],{"class":938,"line":1014},[936,1201,1017],{"class":946},[922,1203,1204,1205,1207,1208,1207,1211,1214,1215,1218,1219,1222],{},"右侧这些代码编译运行的输出分别为 ",[933,1206,1027],{}," , ",[933,1209,1210],{},"42",[933,1212,1213],{},"3"," 。其中加法和减法的写法与数学上相同；但乘法和除法的写法略有不同；在 C++ 中，乘法用星号 ",[933,1216,1217],{},"*"," 表示，而除法（除以）用斜杠 ",[933,1220,1221],{},"\u002F"," 表示。",[1224,1225,1226],"blockquote",{},[922,1227,1228,1229,1232,1233,1236,1237,1241],{},"注意斜杠的方向是从右上方到左下方，键盘上位于 ",[933,1230,1231],{},"."," 键的右侧。反过来的符号 ",[933,1234,1235],{},"\\"," 叫做",[1238,1239,1240],"em",{},"反斜杠","。",[1224,1243,1244],{},[922,1245,1246,1247,1249,1250,1253],{},"这时您可以尝试在 ",[933,1248,1023],{}," 的两侧用双引号引起（ ",[933,1251,1252],{},"\"1 + 1\""," )，编译运行看看会发生什么。这个实验能让你理解双引号的作用，以及“输出一句话”的含义。",[922,1255,1256,1257,1260,1261,1264,1265,1241],{},"现在你知道了，放在 ",[933,1258,1259],{},"std::cout \u003C\u003C","  和  ",[933,1262,1263],{},"\u003C\u003C std::endl"," 之间的东西",[1266,1267,1268],"strong",{},"还可以是一个简单的式子，这样会输出这个式子运算的结果",[918,1270,1271],{"id":1271},"初识变量",[922,1273,1274],{},"我们来看看除了“一句话”、数和简单的式子之外，还能输出些什么。",[926,1276,1278],{"className":928,"code":1277,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nint main() {\n    int a{42};\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\n",[933,1279,1280,1290,1300,1316,1339],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,1281,1282,1284,1286,1288],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,1283,943],{"class":942},[936,1285,947],{"class":946},[936,1287,951],{"class":950},[936,1289,954],{"class":946},[936,1291,1292,1294,1296,1298],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,1293,961],{"class":960},[936,1295,965],{"class":964},[936,1297,968],{"class":946},[936,1299,971],{"class":946},[936,1301,1302,1305,1308,1311,1313],{"class":938,"line":974},[936,1303,1304],{"class":960},"    int",[936,1306,1307],{"class":984}," a",[936,1309,1310],{"class":946},"{",[936,1312,1210],{"class":991},[936,1314,1315],{"class":946},"};\n",[936,1317,1318,1320,1322,1324,1326,1329,1331,1333,1335,1337],{"class":938,"line":1014},[936,1319,978],{"class":977},[936,1321,981],{"class":946},[936,1323,985],{"class":984},[936,1325,988],{"class":946},[936,1327,1328],{"class":984}," a ",[936,1330,988],{"class":946},[936,1332,1003],{"class":977},[936,1334,981],{"class":946},[936,1336,1008],{"class":984},[936,1338,1011],{"class":946},[936,1340,1342],{"class":938,"line":1341},5,[936,1343,1017],{"class":946},[922,1345,1346,1347,1350,1351,1353,1354,1356],{},"这里展示的代码貌似比原来复杂许多！没关系，我来解释一下。首先第一个不同之处是多了一行。在原来放输出的那一行（第4行）上面增加了一堆不明所以的东西。这一行的意思可以用一个数学上常见的说法描述： 令整数 ",[933,1348,1349],{},"a"," 的值为 ",[933,1352,1210],{}," 。也就是说，这句话很像在数学上设一个变量那样，因此这一行叫做“变量的声明和定义”， ",[933,1355,1349],{}," 就是一个变量。",[922,1358,1359,1360,1362,1363,1366,1367,1369,1370,1373,1374,1376,1377,1379,1380,1382,1383,1386],{},"如果细看的话， ",[933,1361,961],{}," 指明变量是整数类型（",[1266,1364,1365],{},"Int","eger Type）。 ",[933,1368,1349],{}," 叫做变量名。后面的 ",[933,1371,1372],{},"{42}"," 意思是指，这个变量的值现在为 ",[933,1375,1210],{}," 。那么现在， ",[933,1378,1349],{}," 就是一个值为 ",[933,1381,1210],{}," 的整数。在声明和定义的最后，需要加一个分号 ",[933,1384,1385],{},";"," 作为结尾。",[1224,1388,1389],{},[922,1390,1391,1392,1394],{},"变量、声明和定义的严格定义参见后续章节。变量名不一定是一个字母，还可以是字母、下划线和（或）数字的组合，但有着一些限制。详细的说明参见后续章节。 ",[933,1393,1372],{}," 被称作初始化器，大括号（brace，或者称花括号）内部的东西会作为变量的初始值。",[922,1396,1397,1398,1400,1401,1403,1404,1406],{},"这一行理解之后，那么下面的输出那一行也不难。现在输出的是 ",[933,1399,1349],{}," ，实际上就是输出变量 ",[933,1402,1349],{}," 的值。所以最终编译运行的结果也是输出 ",[933,1405,1210],{}," 。",[922,1408,1409],{},"你还可以将变量和简单的式子结合。",[926,1411,1413],{"className":928,"code":1412,"language":930,"meta":931,"style":931},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nint main() {\n    int a{42};\n    int b{15};\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C a + b \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\n",[933,1414,1415,1425,1435,1447,1461,1489],{"__ignoreMap":931},[936,1416,1417,1419,1421,1423],{"class":938,"line":939},[936,1418,943],{"class":942},[936,1420,947],{"class":946},[936,1422,951],{"class":950},[936,1424,954],{"class":946},[936,1426,1427,1429,1431,1433],{"class":938,"line":957},[936,1428,961],{"class":960},[936,1430,965],{"class":964},[936,1432,968],{"class":946},[936,1434,971],{"class":946},[936,1436,1437,1439,1441,1443,1445],{"class":938,"line":974},[936,1438,1304],{"class":960},[936,1440,1307],{"class":984},[936,1442,1310],{"class":946},[936,1444,1210],{"class":991},[936,1446,1315],{"class":946},[936,1448,1449,1451,1454,1456,1459],{"class":938,"line":1014},[936,1450,1304],{"class":960},[936,1452,1453],{"class":984}," b",[936,1455,1310],{"class":946},[936,1457,1458],{"class":991},"15",[936,1460,1315],{"class":946},[936,1462,1463,1465,1467,1469,1471,1473,1476,1479,1481,1483,1485,1487],{"class":938,"line":1341},[936,1464,978],{"class":977},[936,1466,981],{"class":946},[936,1468,985],{"class":984},[936,1470,988],{"class":946},[936,1472,1328],{"class":984},[936,1474,1475],{"class":946},"+",[936,1477,1478],{"class":984}," b ",[936,1480,988],{"class":946},[936,1482,1003],{"class":977},[936,1484,981],{"class":946},[936,1486,1008],{"class":984},[936,1488,1011],{"class":946},[936,1490,1492],{"class":938,"line":1491},6,[936,1493,1017],{"class":946},[922,1495,1496,1497,1499,1500,1503,1504,1499,1506,1508,1509,1512],{},"这里声明并定义了两个变量 ",[933,1498,1349],{}," 和 ",[933,1501,1502],{},"b"," ，然后想要输出的是 ",[933,1505,1349],{},[933,1507,1502],{}," 的值加起来的和。最终编译运行的结果显然是输出 ",[933,1510,1511],{},"57"," 。总结一下，目前你知道了如何去输出一句话、一个数、一个变量，或者一个由变量和数构成的简单的式子。",[918,1514,1515],{"id":1515},"练习",[1517,1518,1519,1529,1548],"ol",{},[1520,1521,1522,1523,1525,1526,1528],"li",{},"声明并定义变量 ",[933,1524,1349],{}," 为整数，随便设置一个初始值；尝试编写代码，使得编译运行结果输出 ",[933,1527,1349],{}," 的二倍。",[1520,1530,1522,1531,1533,1534,1537,1538,1533,1540,1542,1543,1499,1545,1547],{},[933,1532,1349],{}," 为整数，初始值为 ",[933,1535,1536],{},"5"," ；声明并定义变量 ",[933,1539,1502],{},[933,1541,1213],{}," 。尝试编写代码，使得编译运行结果输出 ",[933,1544,1349],{},[933,1546,1502],{}," 的和与差。",[1520,1549,1522,1550,1499,1552,1554,1555,1499,1557,1559],{},[933,1551,1349],{},[933,1553,1502],{}," ，初始值与上题相同。尝试编写代码，使得编译运行结果输出 ",[933,1556,1349],{},[933,1558,1502],{}," 的积与商。观察结果是否符合预期。（如果不符合预期也没关系。）",[1561,1562,1563],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .s7zQu, html code.shiki .s7zQu{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html 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