[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1452},["ShallowReactive",2],{"navigation":3,"\u002Fch01\u002Fenvironment":909,"\u002Fch01\u002Fenvironment-surround":1448},[4,36,56,96,230,270,414,457,508,583,649,685,767,864,900,904],{"title":5,"icon":6,"path":7,"stem":8,"children":9},"附录","i-lucide-bookmark","\u002Fappendix","appendix",[10,12,16,20,24,28,32],{"title":5,"path":7,"stem":11,"icon":6},"appendix\u002Findex",{"title":13,"path":14,"stem":15,"icon":6},"命令行界面","\u002Fappendix\u002Fcli","appendix\u002Fcli",{"title":17,"path":18,"stem":19,"icon":6},"代码风格","\u002Fappendix\u002Fcoding_style","appendix\u002Fcoding_style",{"title":21,"path":22,"stem":23,"icon":6},"关键字列表","\u002Fappendix\u002Fkeyword","appendix\u002Fkeyword",{"title":25,"path":26,"stem":27,"icon":6},"运算符优先级和结合方向","\u002Fappendix\u002Foperator","appendix\u002Foperator",{"title":29,"path":30,"stem":31,"icon":6},"预处理指令","\u002Fappendix\u002Fpreprocessor","appendix\u002Fpreprocessor",{"title":33,"path":34,"stem":35,"icon":6},"值类别","\u002Fappendix\u002Fvalue_category","appendix\u002Fvalue_category",{"title":37,"icon":38,"path":39,"stem":40,"children":41},"第〇章 基本概念","i-lucide-monitor","\u002Fch00","ch00",[42,44,48,52],{"title":37,"path":39,"stem":43,"icon":38},"ch00\u002Findex",{"title":45,"path":46,"stem":47,"icon":38},"计算机","\u002Fch00\u002Fcomputer","ch00\u002Fcomputer",{"title":49,"path":50,"stem":51,"icon":38},"编程","\u002Fch00\u002Fprogramming","ch00\u002Fprogramming",{"title":53,"path":54,"stem":55,"icon":38},"编程语言","\u002Fch00\u002Fprogramming_language","ch00\u002Fprogramming_language",{"title":57,"icon":58,"path":59,"stem":60,"children":61},"第一章 感性认识 C++ 程序","i-lucide-book-open","\u002Fch01","ch01",[62,64,68,72,76,80,84,88,92],{"title":57,"path":59,"stem":63,"icon":58},"ch01\u002Findex",{"title":65,"path":66,"stem":67,"icon":58},"赋值和分支","\u002Fch01\u002Fassignment_and_if","ch01\u002Fassignment_and_if",{"title":69,"path":70,"stem":71,"icon":58},"最麻烦的门槛","\u002Fch01\u002Fenvironment","ch01\u002Fenvironment",{"title":73,"path":74,"stem":75,"icon":58},"第一个 C++ 程序","\u002Fch01\u002Ffirst_program","ch01\u002Ffirst_program",{"title":77,"path":78,"stem":79,"icon":58},"输入","\u002Fch01\u002Finput","ch01\u002Finput",{"title":81,"path":82,"stem":83,"icon":58},"综合运用","\u002Fch01\u002Fintegrated_use","ch01\u002Fintegrated_use",{"title":85,"path":86,"stem":87,"icon":58},"循环","\u002Fch01\u002Floop","ch01\u002Floop",{"title":89,"path":90,"stem":91,"icon":58},"更多的输出","\u002Fch01\u002Fmore_output","ch01\u002Fmore_output",{"title":93,"path":94,"stem":95,"icon":58},"总结","\u002Fch01\u002Fsummary","ch01\u002Fsummary",{"title":97,"path":98,"stem":99,"children":100,"icon":102},"第二章 理性认识 C++ 程序","\u002Fch02","ch02\u002Findex",[101,103,149,188,227],{"title":97,"path":98,"stem":99,"icon":102},"i-lucide-code",{"title":104,"icon":105,"path":106,"stem":107,"children":108},"第 1 部分 数据成分","i-lucide-database","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Findex",[109,110,114,118,122,126],{"title":104,"path":106,"stem":107,"icon":105},{"title":111,"path":112,"stem":113,"icon":105},"初识数组","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Farray_glance","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Farray_glance",{"title":115,"path":116,"stem":117,"icon":105},"常量","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Fconstant","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Fconstant",{"title":119,"path":120,"stem":121,"icon":105},"声明语句","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Fdeclaration_statement","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Fdeclaration_statement",{"title":123,"path":124,"stem":125,"icon":105},"只读变量","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Freadonly_variable","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Freadonly_variable",{"title":127,"icon":128,"path":129,"stem":130,"children":131},"类型系统","i-lucide-dna","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Findex",[132,133,137,141,145],{"title":127,"path":129,"stem":130,"icon":128},{"title":134,"path":135,"stem":136,"icon":128},"布尔类型","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Fboolean_type","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Fboolean_type",{"title":138,"path":139,"stem":140,"icon":128},"字符类型","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Fcharacter_type","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Fcharacter_type",{"title":142,"path":143,"stem":144,"icon":128},"浮点类型","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Ffloat_type","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Ffloat_type",{"title":146,"path":147,"stem":148,"icon":128},"整型","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Finteger_type","ch02\u002Fpart1\u002Ftype_system\u002Finteger_type",{"title":150,"icon":151,"path":152,"stem":153,"children":154},"第 2 部分 运算成分","i-lucide-calculator","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2","ch02\u002Fpart2\u002Findex",[155,156,160,164,168,172,176,180,184],{"title":150,"path":152,"stem":153,"icon":151},{"title":157,"path":158,"stem":159,"icon":151},"算术运算符","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Farithmetic_operator","ch02\u002Fpart2\u002Farithmetic_operator",{"title":161,"path":162,"stem":163,"icon":151},"赋值运算符","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fassignment_operator","ch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fassignment_operator",{"title":165,"path":166,"stem":167,"icon":151},"位运算符（选读）","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fbit_operator","ch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fbit_operator",{"title":169,"path":170,"stem":171,"icon":151},"关系运算符","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fcomparison_operator","ch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fcomparison_operator",{"title":173,"path":174,"stem":175,"icon":151},"算术类型隐式转换","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fimplicit_conversion","ch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fimplicit_conversion",{"title":177,"path":178,"stem":179,"icon":151},"自增减运算符","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fincdec_operator","ch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fincdec_operator",{"title":181,"path":182,"stem":183,"icon":151},"逻辑运算符","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Flogical_operator","ch02\u002Fpart2\u002Flogical_operator",{"title":185,"path":186,"stem":187,"icon":151},"其它常用运算符","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fother_operator","ch02\u002Fpart2\u002Fother_operator",{"title":189,"icon":190,"path":191,"stem":192,"children":193},"第 3 部分 控制成分","i-lucide-git-branch","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart3","ch02\u002Fpart3\u002Findex",[194,195,199,203,207,211,215,219,223],{"title":189,"path":191,"stem":192,"icon":190},{"title":196,"path":197,"stem":198,"icon":190},"复合语句","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fcompound_statement","ch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fcompound_statement",{"title":200,"path":201,"stem":202,"icon":190},"for 语句","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart3\u002Ffor_statement","ch02\u002Fpart3\u002Ffor_statement",{"title":204,"path":205,"stem":206,"icon":190},"if 语句","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fif_statement","ch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fif_statement",{"title":208,"path":209,"stem":210,"icon":190},"跳转语句","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fjump_statement","ch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fjump_statement",{"title":212,"path":213,"stem":214,"icon":190},"空语句","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fnull_statement","ch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fnull_statement",{"title":216,"path":217,"stem":218,"icon":190},"作用域","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fscope","ch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fscope",{"title":220,"path":221,"stem":222,"icon":190},"switch 语句","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fswitch_statement","ch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fswitch_statement",{"title":224,"path":225,"stem":226,"icon":190},"while 语句","\u002Fch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fwhile_statement","ch02\u002Fpart3\u002Fwhile_statement",{"title":93,"path":228,"stem":229,"icon":102},"\u002Fch02\u002Fsummary","ch02\u002Fsummary",{"title":231,"icon":232,"path":233,"stem":234,"children":235},"第三章 过程式编程","i-lucide-function-square","\u002Fch03","ch03",[236,239,243,247,251,255,259,263,267],{"title":231,"path":233,"stem":237,"icon":238},"ch03\u002Findex","i-lucide-square-function",{"title":240,"path":241,"stem":242,"icon":232},"函数","\u002Fch03\u002Ffunction","ch03\u002Ffunction",{"title":244,"path":245,"stem":246,"icon":232},"函数的定义、声明和调用","\u002Fch03\u002Ffunction_definition","ch03\u002Ffunction_definition",{"title":248,"path":249,"stem":250,"icon":232},"函数的执行","\u002Fch03\u002Ffunction_execution","ch03\u002Ffunction_execution",{"title":252,"path":253,"stem":254,"icon":232},"初识函数","\u002Fch03\u002Ffunction_glance","ch03\u002Ffunction_glance",{"title":256,"path":257,"stem":258,"icon":232},"递归","\u002Fch03\u002Frecursion","ch03\u002Frecursion",{"title":260,"path":261,"stem":262,"icon":232},"重新认识 C++ 程序","\u002Fch03\u002Freview_cpp","ch03\u002Freview_cpp",{"title":264,"path":265,"stem":266,"icon":232},"再谈作用域","\u002Fch03\u002Fscope_again","ch03\u002Fscope_again",{"title":93,"path":268,"stem":269,"icon":232},"\u002Fch03\u002Fsummary","ch03\u002Fsummary",{"title":271,"icon":272,"path":273,"stem":274,"children":275},"第四章 POD 类型与结构","i-lucide-layers","\u002Fch04","ch04",[276,278,301,316,320,338,365,392,407,410],{"title":271,"path":273,"stem":277,"icon":272},"ch04\u002Findex",{"title":279,"icon":280,"path":281,"stem":282,"children":283},"数组","i-lucide-grid","\u002Fch04\u002Farray","ch04\u002Farray\u002Findex",[284,285,289,293,297],{"title":279,"path":281,"stem":282,"icon":280},{"title":286,"path":287,"stem":288,"icon":280},"二维数组","\u002Fch04\u002Farray\u002F2d_array","ch04\u002Farray\u002F2d_array",{"title":290,"path":291,"stem":292,"icon":280},"数组的定义和初始化","\u002Fch04\u002Farray\u002Farray_init","ch04\u002Farray\u002Farray_init",{"title":294,"path":295,"stem":296,"icon":280},"数组的用途","\u002Fch04\u002Farray\u002Farray_usage","ch04\u002Farray\u002Farray_usage",{"title":298,"path":299,"stem":300,"icon":280},"C 风格字符串","\u002Fch04\u002Farray\u002Fc_string","ch04\u002Farray\u002Fc_string",{"title":302,"icon":303,"path":304,"stem":305,"children":306},"迁移到 C 语言","i-lucide-arrow-right-left","\u002Fch04\u002Fcompare_with_c","ch04\u002Fcompare_with_c\u002Findex",[307,308,312],{"title":302,"path":304,"stem":305,"icon":303},{"title":309,"path":310,"stem":311,"icon":303},"需要注意的 C 特性","\u002Fch04\u002Fcompare_with_c\u002Fc_feature","ch04\u002Fcompare_with_c\u002Fc_feature",{"title":313,"path":314,"stem":315,"icon":303},"C 输入输出","\u002Fch04\u002Fcompare_with_c\u002Fc_io","ch04\u002Fcompare_with_c\u002Fc_io",{"title":317,"path":318,"stem":319,"icon":272},"枚举","\u002Fch04\u002Fenum","ch04\u002Fenum",{"title":321,"path":322,"stem":323,"children":324,"icon":326},"输入输出成分","\u002Fch04\u002Fio","ch04\u002Fio\u002Findex",[325,327,330,334],{"title":321,"path":322,"stem":323,"icon":326},"i-lucide-terminal",{"title":77,"path":328,"stem":329,"icon":326},"\u002Fch04\u002Fio\u002Finput","ch04\u002Fio\u002Finput",{"title":331,"path":332,"stem":333,"icon":326},"输入失败状态","\u002Fch04\u002Fio\u002Finput_fail","ch04\u002Fio\u002Finput_fail",{"title":335,"path":336,"stem":337,"icon":326},"输出","\u002Fch04\u002Fio\u002Foutput","ch04\u002Fio\u002Foutput",{"title":339,"icon":340,"path":341,"stem":342,"children":343},"链表","i-lucide-list","\u002Fch04\u002Flist","ch04\u002Flist\u002Findex",[344,345,349,353,357,361],{"title":339,"path":341,"stem":342,"icon":340},{"title":346,"path":347,"stem":348,"icon":340},"new[] 和 delete[]","\u002Fch04\u002Flist\u002Farr_new_del","ch04\u002Flist\u002Farr_new_del",{"title":350,"path":351,"stem":352,"icon":340},"链表的增删","\u002Fch04\u002Flist\u002Flist_add_del","ch04\u002Flist\u002Flist_add_del",{"title":354,"path":355,"stem":356,"icon":340},"链表的构建","\u002Fch04\u002Flist\u002Flist_construct","ch04\u002Flist\u002Flist_construct",{"title":358,"path":359,"stem":360,"icon":340},"安全性","\u002Fch04\u002Flist\u002Fsafety","ch04\u002Flist\u002Fsafety",{"title":362,"path":363,"stem":364,"icon":340},"存储期","\u002Fch04\u002Flist\u002Fstorage_duration","ch04\u002Flist\u002Fstorage_duration",{"title":366,"path":367,"stem":368,"children":369,"icon":371},"指针","\u002Fch04\u002Fpointer","ch04\u002Fpointer\u002Findex",[370,372,376,380,384,388],{"title":366,"path":367,"stem":368,"icon":371},"i-lucide-dot",{"title":373,"path":374,"stem":375,"icon":371},"何为指针","\u002Fch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer","ch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer",{"title":377,"path":378,"stem":379,"icon":371},"指针和数组","\u002Fch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer_and_array","ch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer_and_array",{"title":381,"path":382,"stem":383,"icon":371},"指针的定义 Ⅰ","\u002Fch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer_def","ch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer_def",{"title":385,"path":386,"stem":387,"icon":371},"指针的定义 Ⅱ","\u002Fch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer_def_2","ch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer_def_2",{"title":389,"path":390,"stem":391,"icon":371},"指针的简单使用","\u002Fch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer_usage","ch04\u002Fpointer\u002Fpointer_usage",{"title":393,"path":394,"stem":395,"children":396,"icon":398},"结构体","\u002Fch04\u002Fstruct","ch04\u002Fstruct\u002Findex",[397,399,403],{"title":393,"path":394,"stem":395,"icon":398},"i-lucide-box",{"title":400,"path":401,"stem":402,"icon":398},"结构体的定义","\u002Fch04\u002Fstruct\u002Fstruct_def","ch04\u002Fstruct\u002Fstruct_def",{"title":404,"path":405,"stem":406,"icon":398},"结构体的使用","\u002Fch04\u002Fstruct\u002Fstruct_usage","ch04\u002Fstruct\u002Fstruct_usage",{"title":93,"path":408,"stem":409,"icon":272},"\u002Fch04\u002Fsummary","ch04\u002Fsummary",{"title":411,"path":412,"stem":413,"icon":272},"联合体","\u002Fch04\u002Funion","ch04\u002Funion",{"title":415,"icon":416,"path":417,"stem":418,"children":419},"第五章 初探面向对象","i-lucide-copy","\u002Fch05","ch05",[420,422,426,430,434,438,442,446,450,454],{"title":415,"path":417,"stem":421,"icon":416},"ch05\u002Findex",{"title":423,"path":424,"stem":425,"icon":416},"构造函数","\u002Fch05\u002Fconstructor","ch05\u002Fconstructor",{"title":427,"path":428,"stem":429,"icon":416},"复制构造函数","\u002Fch05\u002Fcopy_constructor","ch05\u002Fcopy_constructor",{"title":431,"path":432,"stem":433,"icon":416},"预置构造函数","\u002Fch05\u002Fdefaulted_constructor","ch05\u002Fdefaulted_constructor",{"title":435,"path":436,"stem":437,"icon":416},"例子：简单的字符串","\u002Fch05\u002Feasy_string","ch05\u002Feasy_string",{"title":439,"path":440,"stem":441,"icon":416},"收尾工作","\u002Fch05\u002Fmisc","ch05\u002Fmisc",{"title":443,"path":444,"stem":445,"icon":416},"重载","\u002Fch05\u002Foverload","ch05\u002Foverload",{"title":447,"path":448,"stem":449,"icon":416},"引用","\u002Fch05\u002Freference","ch05\u002Freference",{"title":451,"path":452,"stem":453,"icon":416},"浅复制与深复制","\u002Fch05\u002Fshallow_deep_copy","ch05\u002Fshallow_deep_copy",{"title":93,"path":455,"stem":456,"icon":416},"\u002Fch05\u002Fsummary","ch05\u002Fsummary",{"title":458,"icon":459,"path":460,"stem":461,"children":462},"第六章 运算符重载","i-lucide-component","\u002Fch06","ch06",[463,465,469,473,477,481,485,489,493,497,501,504],{"title":458,"path":460,"stem":464,"icon":459},"ch06\u002Findex",{"title":466,"path":467,"stem":468,"icon":459},"赋值运算符重载","\u002Fch06\u002Fassignment_overload","ch06\u002Fassignment_overload",{"title":470,"path":471,"stem":472,"icon":459},"赋值与初始化","\u002Fch06\u002Fassignment_vs_construct","ch06\u002Fassignment_vs_construct",{"title":474,"path":475,"stem":476,"icon":459},"类型转换重载","\u002Fch06\u002Fcast_overload","ch06\u002Fcast_overload",{"title":478,"path":479,"stem":480,"icon":459},"只读成员函数","\u002Fch06\u002Fconst_member_function","ch06\u002Fconst_member_function",{"title":482,"path":483,"stem":484,"icon":459},"友元","\u002Fch06\u002Ffriend","ch06\u002Ffriend",{"title":486,"path":487,"stem":488,"icon":459},"类外定义成员函数","\u002Fch06\u002Fnoninline_member_function","ch06\u002Fnoninline_member_function",{"title":490,"path":491,"stem":492,"icon":459},"非成员的运算符重载","\u002Fch06\u002Fnonmember_operator","ch06\u002Fnonmember_operator",{"title":494,"path":495,"stem":496,"icon":459},"特殊运算符重载","\u002Fch06\u002Fspecial_operator_overload","ch06\u002Fspecial_operator_overload",{"title":498,"path":499,"stem":500,"icon":459},"静态成员","\u002Fch06\u002Fstatic_member","ch06\u002Fstatic_member",{"title":93,"path":502,"stem":503,"icon":459},"\u002Fch06\u002Fsummary","ch06\u002Fsummary",{"title":505,"path":506,"stem":507,"icon":459},"`this` 指针","\u002Fch06\u002Fthis","ch06\u002Fthis",{"title":509,"path":510,"stem":511,"children":512,"icon":190},"第七章 继承与多态","\u002Fch07","ch07\u002Findex",[513,514,541,545,549,580],{"title":509,"path":510,"stem":511,"icon":190},{"title":515,"icon":516,"path":517,"stem":518,"children":519},"继承关系","i-lucide-share","\u002Fch07\u002Finheritance","ch07\u002Finheritance\u002Findex",[520,521,525,529,533,537],{"title":515,"path":517,"stem":518,"icon":516},{"title":522,"path":523,"stem":524,"icon":516},"关于成员名","\u002Fch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fabout_member_name","ch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fabout_member_name",{"title":526,"path":527,"stem":528,"icon":516},"派生类的构造","\u002Fch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fderived_constructor","ch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fderived_constructor",{"title":530,"path":531,"stem":532,"icon":516},"继承中的隐式转换","\u002Fch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fimplicit_cast_in_inheritance","ch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fimplicit_cast_in_inheritance",{"title":534,"path":535,"stem":536,"icon":516},"其它小问题","\u002Fch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fmisc","ch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fmisc",{"title":538,"path":539,"stem":540,"icon":516},"保护成员","\u002Fch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fprotected_member","ch07\u002Finheritance\u002Fprotected_member",{"title":542,"path":543,"stem":544,"icon":190},"多重继承","\u002Fch07\u002Fmi","ch07\u002Fmi",{"title":546,"path":547,"stem":548,"icon":190},"简单的对象关系","\u002Fch07\u002Fobject_relationships","ch07\u002Fobject_relationships",{"title":550,"icon":551,"path":552,"stem":553,"children":554},"多态","i-lucide-refresh","\u002Fch07\u002Fpolymorphism","ch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Findex",[555,556,560,564,568,572,576],{"title":550,"path":552,"stem":553,"icon":551},{"title":557,"path":558,"stem":559,"icon":551},"抽象类","\u002Fch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Fabstract_class","ch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Fabstract_class",{"title":561,"path":562,"stem":563,"icon":551},"C++ 风格类型转换","\u002Fch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Fcpp_cast","ch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Fcpp_cast",{"title":565,"path":566,"stem":567,"icon":551},"`override` 与 `final`","\u002Fch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Foverride_and_final","ch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Foverride_and_final",{"title":569,"path":570,"stem":571,"icon":551},"RTTI","\u002Fch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Frtti","ch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Frtti",{"title":573,"path":574,"stem":575,"icon":551},"虚析构函数","\u002Fch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Fvirtual_destructor","ch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Fvirtual_destructor",{"title":577,"path":578,"stem":579,"icon":551},"虚函数","\u002Fch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Fvirtual_function","ch07\u002Fpolymorphism\u002Fvirtual_function",{"title":93,"path":581,"stem":582,"icon":190},"\u002Fch07\u002Fsummary","ch07\u002Fsummary",{"title":584,"icon":585,"path":586,"stem":587,"children":588},"第八章 模板基础","i-lucide-layout-template","\u002Fch08","ch08",[589,591,595,599,603,607,646],{"title":584,"path":586,"stem":590,"icon":585},"ch08\u002Findex",{"title":592,"path":593,"stem":594,"icon":585},"类模板","\u002Fch08\u002Fclass_template","ch08\u002Fclass_template",{"title":596,"path":597,"stem":598,"icon":585},"默认实参","\u002Fch08\u002Fdefault_argument","ch08\u002Fdefault_argument",{"title":600,"path":601,"stem":602,"icon":585},"函数模板","\u002Fch08\u002Ffunction_template","ch08\u002Ffunction_template",{"title":604,"path":605,"stem":606,"icon":585},"非类型模板参数","\u002Fch08\u002Fnontype_template_param","ch08\u002Fnontype_template_param",{"title":608,"icon":609,"path":610,"stem":611,"children":612},"STL 容器和迭代器","i-lucide-container","\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers","ch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Findex",[613,614,618,622,626,630,634,638,642],{"title":608,"path":610,"stem":611,"icon":609},{"title":615,"path":616,"stem":617,"icon":609},"容器适配器","\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fadaptors","ch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fadaptors",{"title":619,"path":620,"stem":621,"icon":609},"迭代器的概念","\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fiterator_concept","ch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fiterator_concept",{"title":623,"path":624,"stem":625,"icon":609},"初识迭代器","\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fiterator_glance","ch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fiterator_glance",{"title":627,"path":628,"stem":629,"icon":609},"迭代器的用途","\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fiterator_usage","ch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fiterator_usage",{"title":631,"path":632,"stem":633,"icon":609},"`std::map`","\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fmap","ch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fmap",{"title":635,"path":636,"stem":637,"icon":609},"其它顺序容器","\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fother_sequence","ch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fother_sequence",{"title":639,"path":640,"stem":641,"icon":609},"`std::set`","\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fset","ch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fset",{"title":643,"path":644,"stem":645,"icon":609},"`std::vector`","\u002Fch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fvector","ch08\u002Fstl_containers\u002Fvector",{"title":93,"path":647,"stem":648,"icon":585},"\u002Fch08\u002Fsummary","ch08\u002Fsummary",{"title":650,"icon":651,"path":652,"stem":653,"children":654},"第九章 链接","i-lucide-link","\u002Fch09","ch09",[655,657,661,665,669,673,677,681],{"title":650,"path":652,"stem":656,"icon":651},"ch09\u002Findex",{"title":658,"path":659,"stem":660,"icon":651},"C 中的链接","\u002Fch09\u002Fc_linking","ch09\u002Fc_linking",{"title":662,"path":663,"stem":664,"icon":651},"多文件编译实践","\u002Fch09\u002Fcompile_multiple_files","ch09\u002Fcompile_multiple_files",{"title":666,"path":667,"stem":668,"icon":651},"模板中的友元","\u002Fch09\u002Ffriend_in_template","ch09\u002Ffriend_in_template",{"title":670,"path":671,"stem":672,"icon":651},"内联","\u002Fch09\u002Finline","ch09\u002Finline",{"title":674,"path":675,"stem":676,"icon":651},"单一定义原则","\u002Fch09\u002Fodr","ch09\u002Fodr",{"title":678,"path":679,"stem":680,"icon":651},"符号和连接","\u002Fch09\u002Fsymbol_and_linkage","ch09\u002Fsymbol_and_linkage",{"title":682,"path":683,"stem":684,"icon":651},"模板的链接","\u002Fch09\u002Ftemplate_linking","ch09\u002Ftemplate_linking",{"title":686,"icon":687,"path":688,"stem":689,"children":690},"第十章 常用库介绍 \u003CBadge type=\"warning\" text=\"TBC\" \u002F>","i-lucide-hard-drive","\u002Fch10","ch10",[691,694,717,732,736,740],{"title":692,"path":688,"stem":693,"icon":687},"第十章 常用库介绍","ch10\u002Findex",{"title":695,"icon":696,"path":697,"stem":698,"children":699},"代数数据类型","i-lucide-shapes","\u002Fch10\u002Fadt","ch10\u002Fadt\u002Findex",[700,701,705,709,713],{"title":695,"path":697,"stem":698,"icon":696},{"title":702,"path":703,"stem":704,"icon":696},"顶类型 `std::any`","\u002Fch10\u002Fadt\u002Fany","ch10\u002Fadt\u002Fany",{"title":706,"path":707,"stem":708,"icon":696},"底类型","\u002Fch10\u002Fadt\u002Fnoreturn","ch10\u002Fadt\u002Fnoreturn",{"title":710,"path":711,"stem":712,"icon":696},"通用积类型 `std::tuple`","\u002Fch10\u002Fadt\u002Ftuple","ch10\u002Fadt\u002Ftuple",{"title":714,"path":715,"stem":716,"icon":696},"通用和类型 `std::variant`","\u002Fch10\u002Fadt\u002Fvariant","ch10\u002Fadt\u002Fvariant",{"title":718,"icon":719,"path":720,"stem":721,"children":722},"文件读写","i-lucide-file-text","\u002Fch10\u002Ffile_io","ch10\u002Ffile_io\u002Findex",[723,724,728],{"title":718,"path":720,"stem":721,"icon":719},{"title":725,"path":726,"stem":727,"icon":719},"C 风格输入输出","\u002Fch10\u002Ffile_io\u002Fc_io","ch10\u002Ffile_io\u002Fc_io",{"title":729,"path":730,"stem":731,"icon":719},"流式输入输出","\u002Fch10\u002Ffile_io\u002Fstream","ch10\u002Ffile_io\u002Fstream",{"title":733,"path":734,"stem":735,"icon":687},"文件系统","\u002Fch10\u002Ffilesystem","ch10\u002Ffilesystem",{"title":737,"path":738,"stem":739,"icon":687},"伪随机数生成","\u002Fch10\u002Frandom","ch10\u002Frandom",{"title":741,"path":742,"stem":743,"children":744,"icon":746},"移动语义与智能指针","\u002Fch10\u002Fsmart_pointer","ch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Findex",[745,747,751,755,759,763],{"title":741,"path":742,"stem":743,"icon":746},"i-lucide-pointer",{"title":748,"path":749,"stem":750,"icon":746},"`std::move` 与转发引用","\u002Fch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Fmove_and_forward","ch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Fmove_and_forward",{"title":752,"path":753,"stem":754,"icon":746},"所有权","\u002Fch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Fownership","ch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Fownership",{"title":756,"path":757,"stem":758,"icon":746},"右值引用","\u002Fch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Frvalue_reference","ch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Frvalue_reference",{"title":760,"path":761,"stem":762,"icon":746},"`std::shared_ptr`","\u002Fch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Fshared_ptr","ch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Fshared_ptr",{"title":764,"path":765,"stem":766,"icon":746},"特殊成员函数","\u002Fch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Fspecial_member_function","ch10\u002Fsmart_pointer\u002Fspecial_member_function",{"title":768,"icon":769,"path":770,"stem":771,"children":772},"第十一章 函数式编程","i-lucide-sparkles","\u002Fch11","ch11",[773,775,794,821,825],{"title":768,"path":770,"stem":774,"icon":769},"ch11\u002Findex",{"title":776,"icon":777,"path":778,"stem":779,"children":780},"语法进阶","i-lucide-graduation-cap","\u002Fch11\u002Fadvanced","ch11\u002Fadvanced\u002Findex",[781,782,786,790],{"title":776,"path":778,"stem":779,"icon":777},{"title":783,"path":784,"stem":785,"icon":777},"实参依赖查找","\u002Fch11\u002Fadvanced\u002Fadl","ch11\u002Fadvanced\u002Fadl",{"title":787,"path":788,"stem":789,"icon":777},"可调用","\u002Fch11\u002Fadvanced\u002Fcallable","ch11\u002Fadvanced\u002Fcallable",{"title":791,"path":792,"stem":793,"icon":777},"预置比较","\u002Fch11\u002Fadvanced\u002Fdefaulted_compare","ch11\u002Fadvanced\u002Fdefaulted_compare",{"title":795,"icon":796,"path":797,"stem":798,"children":799},"语法基础","i-lucide-book-text","\u002Fch11\u002Fgrammar","ch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Findex",[800,801,805,809,813,817],{"title":795,"path":797,"stem":798,"icon":796},{"title":802,"path":803,"stem":804,"icon":796},"闭包","\u002Fch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Fclosure","ch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Fclosure",{"title":806,"path":807,"stem":808,"icon":796},"函数也即对象","\u002Fch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Ffunction_as_object","ch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Ffunction_as_object",{"title":810,"path":811,"stem":812,"icon":796},"高阶函数","\u002Fch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Fhigher_order_function","ch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Fhigher_order_function",{"title":814,"path":815,"stem":816,"icon":796},"Lambda 表达式","\u002Fch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Flambda","ch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Flambda",{"title":818,"path":819,"stem":820,"icon":796},"Lambda 表达式捕获","\u002Fch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Flambda_capture","ch11\u002Fgrammar\u002Flambda_capture",{"title":822,"path":823,"stem":824,"icon":769},"`std::sort`","\u002Fch11\u002Fstd_sort","ch11\u002Fstd_sort",{"title":826,"icon":827,"path":828,"stem":829,"children":830},"STL 算法","i-lucide-sort-asc","\u002Fch11\u002Fstl_algorithms","ch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Findex",[831,832,836,840,844,848,852,856,860],{"title":826,"path":828,"stem":829,"icon":827},{"title":833,"path":834,"stem":835,"icon":827},"迁移到 STLv1","\u002Fch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Fcompare_with_legacy","ch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Fcompare_with_legacy",{"title":837,"path":838,"stem":839,"icon":827},"复制","\u002Fch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Fcopy","ch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Fcopy",{"title":841,"path":842,"stem":843,"icon":827},"筛选","\u002Fch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Ffilter","ch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Ffilter",{"title":845,"path":846,"stem":847,"icon":827},"其它算法","\u002Fch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Fothers","ch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Fothers",{"title":849,"path":850,"stem":851,"icon":827},"初识范围","\u002Fch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Frange","ch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Frange",{"title":853,"path":854,"stem":855,"icon":827},"归约","\u002Fch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Freduce","ch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Freduce",{"title":857,"path":858,"stem":859,"icon":827},"排序","\u002Fch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Fsort","ch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Fsort",{"title":861,"path":862,"stem":863,"icon":827},"变换","\u002Fch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Ftransform","ch11\u002Fstl_algorithms\u002Ftransform",{"title":865,"icon":866,"path":867,"stem":868,"children":869},"第十二章 模板","i-lucide-git-fork","\u002Fch12","ch12",[870,873,877,881,885],{"title":871,"path":867,"stem":872,"icon":866},"第十二章 模板进阶","ch12\u002Findex",{"title":874,"path":875,"stem":876},"C++20 概念","\u002Fch12\u002Fconcepts","ch12\u002Fconcepts",{"title":878,"path":879,"stem":880},"模板元编程","\u002Fch12\u002Fmetaprogramming","ch12\u002Fmetaprogramming",{"title":882,"path":883,"stem":884},"模板特化与偏特化","\u002Fch12\u002Fspecialization","ch12\u002Fspecialization",{"title":886,"icon":887,"path":888,"stem":889,"children":890},"静态派发","i-lucide-route","\u002Fch12\u002Fstatic_dispatch","ch12\u002Fstatic_dispatch\u002Findex",[891,892,896],{"title":886,"path":888,"stem":889},{"title":893,"path":894,"stem":895},"定制点","\u002Fch12\u002Fstatic_dispatch\u002Fcustomize_point","ch12\u002Fstatic_dispatch\u002Fcustomize_point",{"title":897,"path":898,"stem":899},"类型擦除","\u002Fch12\u002Fstatic_dispatch\u002Ftype_erasure","ch12\u002Fstatic_dispatch\u002Ftype_erasure",{"title":901,"path":902,"stem":903,"icon":6},"后记","\u002Fpostscript","postscript",{"title":905,"path":906,"stem":907,"icon":908},"技术信息","\u002Ftechnical_info","technical_info","i-lucide-info",{"id":910,"title":69,"body":911,"description":1441,"extension":1442,"links":1443,"meta":1444,"navigation":1445,"path":70,"seo":1446,"stem":71,"__hash__":1447},"docs\u002Fch01\u002Fenvironment.md",{"type":912,"value":913,"toc":1424},"minimark",[914,917,921,924,927,1020,1034,1053,1063,1066,1069,1072,1077,1080,1085,1096,1102,1106,1109,1118,1121,1139,1145,1149,1152,1167,1176,1180,1183,1195,1215,1219,1222,1237,1240,1243,1250,1254,1262,1265,1281,1285,1288,1296,1305,1322,1326,1329,1332,1339,1342,1363,1395,1405,1414,1420],[915,916,69],"h1",{"id":69},[918,919,920],"p",{},"这节标题叫做“最麻烦”的“门槛”，是因为 C++ 的一个神奇特性导致的——就是想要让一个 C++ 代码编译并运行是一件很复杂的事情，对于“电脑小白”来说更为困难。这件麻烦的事情一般称为“配置环境”，其中环境指的就是集成开发环境（Integrated Development Environment, IDE）。",[918,922,923],{},"一般的教材都不会花特别多的笔墨介绍怎么配置环境，我认为那算是一种不太负责任的行为。因此我在这里多多少少写几笔吧，希望能够帮到各位读者。",[918,925,926],{},"首先为了验证你的环境是否配置成功，我直接告诉你以下这段代码：",[928,929,934],"pre",{"className":930,"code":931,"language":932,"meta":933,"style":933},"language-cpp shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","#include \u003Ciostream>\nint main() {\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Hello, world!\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\n","cpp","",[935,936,937,957,974,1014],"code",{"__ignoreMap":933},[938,939,942,946,950,954],"span",{"class":940,"line":941},"line",1,[938,943,945],{"class":944},"s7zQu","#include",[938,947,949],{"class":948},"sMK4o"," \u003C",[938,951,953],{"class":952},"sfazB","iostream",[938,955,956],{"class":948},">\n",[938,958,960,964,968,971],{"class":940,"line":959},2,[938,961,963],{"class":962},"spNyl","int",[938,965,967],{"class":966},"s2Zo4"," main",[938,969,970],{"class":948},"()",[938,972,973],{"class":948}," {\n",[938,975,977,981,984,988,991,994,997,1000,1003,1006,1008,1011],{"class":940,"line":976},3,[938,978,980],{"class":979},"sBMFI","    std",[938,982,983],{"class":948},"::",[938,985,987],{"class":986},"sTEyZ","cout ",[938,989,990],{"class":948},"\u003C\u003C",[938,992,993],{"class":948}," \"",[938,995,996],{"class":952},"Hello, world!",[938,998,999],{"class":948},"\"",[938,1001,1002],{"class":948}," \u003C\u003C",[938,1004,1005],{"class":979}," std",[938,1007,983],{"class":948},[938,1009,1010],{"class":986},"endl",[938,1012,1013],{"class":948},";\n",[938,1015,1017],{"class":940,"line":1016},4,[938,1018,1019],{"class":948},"}\n",[918,1021,1022,1026,1027,1030,1031,1033],{},[1023,1024,1025],"strong",{},"编译并运行","后的结果是，",[1028,1029,335],"em",{},"一句话叫 ",[935,1032,996],{},"。那肯定有人问，什么叫输出一句话？目前这里指的就是在电脑屏幕的某个地方会出现这样一句话。它出现的形式可以是：",[1035,1036,1037,1041,1044,1047,1050],"ul",{},[1038,1039,1040],"li",{},"弹出一个黑底白字的窗口，显示这句话（可能还会带一些别的乱七八糟东西）；",[1038,1042,1043],{},"弹出一个白底黑字的窗口，显示这句话（可能还会带一些别的乱七八糟东西）；",[1038,1045,1046],{},"屏幕角落或边缘的一个窗口显示了这句话；",[1038,1048,1049],{},"“终端窗口”中显示了这句话；",[1038,1051,1052],{},"……",[918,1054,1055,1056,1058,1059,1062],{},"::: warning\n上文代码框左侧的 “1,2,3,4” 是行号，仅为了行文方便而展示，不是代码的一部分。代码从 ",[935,1057,945],{}," 开始直到结尾 ",[935,1060,1061],{},"}","。\n:::",[918,1064,1065],{},"总之有各种各样的形式，具体的表现依操作系统和配置方法的不同而不同。因此，一旦你看到了这句话被输出了，那么就证明你的 C++ 代码被成功编译并运行了，也就意味着环境配置完成，你成功迈过了这道门槛。",[918,1067,1068],{},"下面我将分操作系统来简要介绍配置方法。",[918,1070,1071],{},"[[TOC]]",[1073,1074,1076],"h2",{"id":1075},"windows","Windows",[918,1078,1079],{},"如果你用的是 Windows，很幸运你拥有许多选择。我以下将列出一些可用的方案，从前到后推荐度下降，请一一尝试。",[1081,1082,1084],"h3",{"id":1083},"使用-visual-studio-code","使用 Visual Studio Code",[918,1086,1087,1088,1095],{},"Visual Studio Code 是一款非常现代的文本编辑器，可以支持编译并运行 C++ 代码。现在你需要做的事情非常简单，前往",[1089,1090,1094],"a",{"href":1091,"rel":1092},"https:\u002F\u002Fvscch.guyutongxue.site",[1093],"nofollow","这里","下载一个配置工具，然后双击运行它即可。你只需要按照工具的提示一步一步做下去就可以了。",[918,1097,1098,1099,1101],{},"当你完成配置的时候，工具会提示生成测试代码，这个代码与我之前给出的代码是相同的。因此你可以直接按照提示编译并运行（或调试），即可观察到下方（或弹窗）输出了 ",[935,1100,996],{}," 。",[1081,1103,1105],{"id":1104},"使用-visual-studio","使用 Visual Studio",[918,1107,1108],{},"若没能玩明白 Visual Studio Code，那么 Visual Studio 也是一个不错的选择。但前提是你需要有更充足的时间和空间（因为它安装所需要的空间和时间开销都比较大）。",[918,1110,1111,1112,1117],{},"首先请前往 ",[1089,1113,1116],{"href":1114,"rel":1115},"https:\u002F\u002Fvisualstudio.microsoft.com\u002Fzh-hans\u002Fvs\u002F",[1093],"Visual Studio 官方网站"," 获取 Visual Studio。其中，Visual Studio 2022 Community 是面向个人的免费版本。下载并启动安装程序后，你需要勾选“使用C++的桌面工具开发”这一工作负载，然后点击右下角安装。安装时间可能较长，需要耐心等待。",[918,1119,1120],{},"安装完成后，你可以从开始菜单启动 Visual Studio。",[1122,1123,1124,1127,1130,1133,1136],"ol",{},[1038,1125,1126],{},"启动后，选择“创建新项目”；",[1038,1128,1129],{},"筛选语言为“C++”，平台为“Windows”，选择“空项目（使用 C++ for Windows 从头开始操作。不提供基础文件。）选项，随后点击下一步；",[1038,1131,1132],{},"确认这个项目存放的目录位置和项目名称。这里项目名称可以写作“HelloWorld”或者任何你喜欢的名字。点击创建以继续；",[1038,1134,1135],{},"注意到目前打开界面中有一个“解决方案资源管理器”的子窗口。其中有一个名为“源文件”的文件夹。鼠标右键，添加 -> 新建项，修改名称为 main.cpp，添加。现在你拥有了一个 C++ 文件；",[1038,1137,1138],{},"Visual Studio 可能已经为你打开了这个文件。如果没有，请在解决方案资源管理器中双击打开它。现在你可以书写上文中提供的代码了。如果你害怕敲错，你可以直接复制粘贴。",[918,1140,1141,1142,1144],{},"现在你可以点击上方带有绿色三角的“本地 Windows 调试器”按钮。如果一切无误，您将看到一个黑底白字的弹窗，第一行写着 ",[935,1143,996],{}," 。恭喜！",[1081,1146,1148],{"id":1147},"使用-dev-c","使用 Dev-C++",[918,1150,1151],{},"如果你喜欢小巧、可靠的环境，或者说你电脑内的所剩空间有限，那么 Dev-C++ 应该比较适合你。",[918,1153,1154,1155,1160,1161,1166],{},"请注意，网上大多数 Dev-C++ 的安装包都是较为过时的。在这里，我提供一个 ",[1089,1156,1159],{"href":1157,"rel":1158},"https:\u002F\u002Froyqh.net\u002Fredpandacpp\u002Fdownload",[1093],"非官方但较新的版本"," 并推荐读者使用。（",[1089,1162,1165],{"href":1163,"rel":1164},"https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002FEmbarcadero\u002FDev-Cpp\u002Freleases",[1093],"官方版本","也可以，但稳定性不高。）使用方法很简单，下载该安装包后运行安装即可。",[918,1168,1169,1170,1173,1174,1101],{},"安装完成后，你可以在 Dev-C++ 内新建一个文件（文件 -> 新建 -> 源文件）。然后你可以将开头提供的代码抄上或者复制粘贴上去。然后点击上方的编译并运行按钮（或者按 ",[935,1171,1172],{},"F11"," ），选择文件保存的位置。随后你就可以看到黑底白字的弹窗，其中第一行为 ",[935,1175,996],{},[1081,1177,1179],{"id":1178},"使用-codeblocks","使用 Code::Blocks",[918,1181,1182],{},"Code::Blocks 是类似 Dev-C++ 的开发环境。不同的是，Code::Blocks 一直在更新，功能也相对较多。",[918,1184,1111,1185,1190,1191,1194],{},[1089,1186,1189],{"href":1187,"rel":1188},"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.codeblocks.org\u002Fdownloads\u002F26",[1093],"Code::Blocks 下载页面"," 。您需要根据您的系统版本（64位或32位）选择正确的下载链接。请您务必选择带有 mingw 的链接，如 ",[935,1192,1193],{},"codeblocks-20.03mingw-setup.exe"," 。右侧提供了两个下载源，其中 SourceForge 的下载速度相对较快。",[918,1196,1197,1198,1201,1202,1205,1206,1208,1209,1212,1213,1101],{},"下载后安装即可。安装之后启动 Code::Blocks，然后新建一个空文件（File -> New -> Empty File)。现在你可以在这里书写代码，将上文提供的代码抄或复制粘贴到这里。随后点击上方的绿色箭头即可编译并运行。首次编译会提示保存，请",[1023,1199,1200],{},"务必","将后缀名改为 ",[935,1203,1204],{},".cpp"," ；即文件名以 ",[935,1207,1204],{}," 结尾如  ",[935,1210,1211],{},"Untitled1.cpp"," 。若一切无误，则弹出黑底白字窗口，其中第一行输出 ",[935,1214,996],{},[1073,1216,1218],{"id":1217},"macos","macOS",[918,1220,1221],{},"如果你使用的是 Mac，你也可以有一些选择。不过对于任何选择来说，你必须要做的第一件事情是安装编译器。安装编译器的方法很简单，只需找到终端程序（Terminal.app）并键入以下命令",[928,1223,1227],{"className":1224,"code":1225,"language":1226,"meta":933,"style":933},"language-bash shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","xcode-select --install\n","bash",[935,1228,1229],{"__ignoreMap":933},[938,1230,1231,1234],{"class":940,"line":941},[938,1232,1233],{"class":979},"xcode-select",[938,1235,1236],{"class":952}," --install\n",[918,1238,1239],{},"然后在弹出窗口中选择“安装”。你可能需要等待片刻，安装将自动完成。随后你可以按照以下方案的任何一种配置：",[1081,1241,1084],{"id":1242},"使用-visual-studio-code-1",[918,1244,1245,1246,1249],{},"macOS 下也可以使用 Visual Studio Code。前往",[1089,1247,1094],{"href":1091,"rel":1248},[1093],"下载一个配置工具，然后运行其中的程序即可。你只需要按照工具的提示一步一步做下去就可以了。",[1081,1251,1253],{"id":1252},"使用-clion","使用 CLion",[918,1255,1256,1257,1261],{},"CLion 应当是 Mac 下好评如潮的集成开发环境，但是它是付费软件。我不推荐你安装破解版，请支持正版。不过如果你是高校学生的话，可以获取免费的教育版。下载地址在",[1089,1258,1094],{"href":1259,"rel":1260},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jetbrains.com\u002Fclion\u002Fdownload\u002F",[1093],"。",[918,1263,1264],{},"CLion 会自动检测编译器等必要工具的配置。因此你不需要花费太多的力气，只需在 CLion 的欢迎界面中点击 “New Project”，然后选择项目类型为 C++ Executable （C++ 可执行文件）。选择你的项目存放路径，同时选择语言标准（不得低于 C++11)。",[918,1266,1267,1268,1271,1272,1275,1276,1278,1279,1101],{},"新建完成后，CLion 会为你打开两个文件 ",[935,1269,1270],{},"CMakeList.txt"," 和 ",[935,1273,1274],{},"main.cpp"," 。其中 ",[935,1277,1274],{}," 是你要编写 C++ 程序的位置，另外一个可以不用管它。将本文开头的代码抄或者复制粘贴进来，点击右上角绿色三角图标，就可以成功地编译并运行。如果没有问题的话，下方会弹出一个子窗口并显示输出 ",[935,1280,996],{},[1081,1282,1284],{"id":1283},"使用-xcode","使用 Xcode",[918,1286,1287],{},"Xcode 是 Apple 官方提供的集成开发环境，但是由于使用它编写 C++ 时用户体验不佳，因此不被推荐。如果上述方案都无法配置成功，你可以尝试使用 Xcode。",[918,1289,1290,1295],{},[1089,1291,1294],{"href":1292,"rel":1293},"https:\u002F\u002Fapps.apple.com\u002Fcn\u002Fapp\u002Fxcode\u002Fid497799835",[1093],"从 App Store 中安装 Xcode。","安装完成后启动，在欢迎界面中选择“Create a new Xcode project”。依次点击“macOS”“Command Line Tool”，点击下一步。接着确定项目名称、项目作者等其他无关紧要的设置，并选择语言为 C++。之后你就建立了一个新的 C++ 项目。",[918,1297,1298,1299,1302,1303,1101],{},"现在再左侧的子窗口中可以找到一个 main.cpp 的文件（可能位于路径 ",[935,1300,1301],{},"\u003C项目名称>\u002F\u003C项目名称>"," 下），然后你就可以开始书写代码了。你可以将开头提供的测试代码抄下或者复制粘贴。随后点击左上角的黑色三角（播放）键，就会自动编译并运行；同时右下方的 Output （输出）子窗口会显示 ",[935,1304,996],{},[1306,1307,1308],"blockquote",{},[918,1309,1310,1311,1316,1317,1261],{},"关于更多 macOS 下开发环境的配置，你可以阅读 ",[1089,1312,1315],{"href":1313,"rel":1314},"https:\u002F\u002Fleavelet.io",[1093],"leavelet"," 编写的",[1089,1318,1321],{"href":1319,"rel":1320},"https:\u002F\u002Fmacguide.leavelet.io\u002FAdvanced\u002FdevelopmentEnvFromScratch.html",[1093],"《Mac 指北》",[1073,1323,1325],{"id":1324},"gnulinux","GNU\u002FLinux",[918,1327,1328],{},"尽管我认为不会有读者使用 GNU\u002FLinux 系统，但是为了保证面面俱到，我仍然将 GNU\u002FLinux 的配置方法简要写出。",[1081,1330,1084],{"id":1331},"使用-visual-studio-code-2",[918,1333,1334,1335,1338],{},"前往",[1089,1336,1094],{"href":1091,"rel":1337},[1093],"下载一个配置工具，按照工具的说明完成配置。",[1081,1340,1341],{"id":1341},"使用命令行",[918,1343,1344,1345,1348,1349,1352,1353,1355,1356,1359,1360,1362],{},"首先安装 C++ 编译器（如 ",[935,1346,1347],{},"g++"," 或 ",[935,1350,1351],{},"clang++"," ，以 ",[935,1354,1347],{}," 为例），这一步请参考你的发行版软件包管理器相关说明。然后新建（ ",[935,1357,1358],{},"touch"," ）一个以 ",[935,1361,1204],{}," 为后缀名的文件。用任意文本编辑器编辑代码，然后执行命令",[928,1364,1366],{"className":1224,"code":1365,"language":1226,"meta":933,"style":933},"g++ \u003Cfile name> -std=c++17 -o helloworld.out\n",[935,1367,1368],{"__ignoreMap":933},[938,1369,1370,1372,1374,1377,1380,1383,1386,1389,1392],{"class":940,"line":941},[938,1371,1347],{"class":979},[938,1373,949],{"class":948},[938,1375,1376],{"class":952},"file",[938,1378,1379],{"class":952}," nam",[938,1381,1382],{"class":986},"e",[938,1384,1385],{"class":948},">",[938,1387,1388],{"class":952}," -std=c++17",[938,1390,1391],{"class":952}," -o",[938,1393,1394],{"class":952}," helloworld.out\n",[918,1396,1397,1398,1400,1401,1404],{},"来编译。其中 ",[935,1399,1347],{}," 依你所采用的编译器而相应作出更改； ",[935,1402,1403],{},"\u003Cfile name>"," 是你要编译的源文件。执行",[928,1406,1408],{"className":1224,"code":1407,"language":1226,"meta":933,"style":933},".\u002Fhelloworld.out\n",[935,1409,1410],{"__ignoreMap":933},[938,1411,1412],{"class":940,"line":941},[938,1413,1407],{"class":979},[918,1415,1416,1417,1419],{},"来运行。如果没有问题，将直接输出 ",[935,1418,996],{}," 并退出。",[1421,1422,1423],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .s7zQu, html code.shiki .s7zQu{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki .spNyl{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .s2Zo4, html code.shiki .s2Zo4{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#82AAFF;--shiki-dark:#82AAFF}html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki .sBMFI{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}html pre.shiki code .sTEyZ, html code.shiki .sTEyZ{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-dark:#BABED8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":933,"searchDepth":941,"depth":959,"links":1425},[1426,1432,1437],{"id":1075,"depth":959,"text":1076,"children":1427},[1428,1429,1430,1431],{"id":1083,"depth":976,"text":1084},{"id":1104,"depth":976,"text":1105},{"id":1147,"depth":976,"text":1148},{"id":1178,"depth":976,"text":1179},{"id":1217,"depth":959,"text":1218,"children":1433},[1434,1435,1436],{"id":1242,"depth":976,"text":1084},{"id":1252,"depth":976,"text":1253},{"id":1283,"depth":976,"text":1284},{"id":1324,"depth":959,"text":1325,"children":1438},[1439,1440],{"id":1331,"depth":976,"text":1084},{"id":1341,"depth":976,"text":1341},"这节标题叫做“最麻烦”的“门槛”，是因为 C++ 的一个神奇特性导致的——就是想要让一个 C++ 代码编译并运行是一件很复杂的事情，对于“电脑小白”来说更为困难。","md",null,{},{"icon":58},{"title":69,"description":1441},"xGy5ln68nQOxhZ6hYfXMrUPFO2N7fNjckk1AHD4HxYQ",[1449,1451],{"title":65,"path":66,"stem":67,"description":1450,"icon":58,"children":-1},"赋值是各种编程语言中最常见的一种操作。",{"title":73,"path":74,"stem":75,"description":73,"icon":58,"children":-1},1784618090249]