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，这样你可以像函数那样使用这个宏。替换的时候，会用你的实参去替换替换文本的形参。替换举几个例子的话：",[977,1100,1102],{"className":979,"code":1101,"language":981,"meta":982,"style":982},"#define PRINT(sth) cout \u003C\u003C sth \u003C\u003C endl\nPRINT(\"Hello\");    \u002F\u002F 替换为 cout \u003C\u003C \"Hello\" \u003C\u003C endl;\nPRINT(42);         \u002F\u002F 替换为 cout \u003C\u003C 42 \u003C\u003C endl;\n",[922,1103,1104,1135,1157],{"__ignoreMap":982},[986,1105,1106,1108,1111,1114,1118,1121,1124,1127,1130,1132],{"class":988,"line":989},[986,1107,933],{"class":992},[986,1109,1110],{"class":995}," PRINT",[986,1112,1113],{"class":1029},"(",[986,1115,1117],{"class":1116},"sHdIc","sth",[986,1119,1120],{"class":1029},")",[986,1122,1123],{"class":1025}," cout ",[986,1125,1126],{"class":1029},"\u003C\u003C",[986,1128,1129],{"class":1025}," sth ",[986,1131,1126],{"class":1029},[986,1133,1134],{"class":1025}," endl\n",[986,1136,1137,1140,1142,1145,1149,1151,1154],{"class":988,"line":1042},[986,1138,1139],{"class":995},"PRINT",[986,1141,1113],{"class":1029},[986,1143,1144],{"class":1029},"\"",[986,1146,1148],{"class":1147},"sfazB","Hello",[986,1150,1144],{"class":1029},[986,1152,1153],{"class":1029},");",[986,1155,1156],{"class":1038},"    \u002F\u002F 替换为 cout \u003C\u003C \"Hello\" \u003C\u003C endl;\n",[986,1158,1160,1162,1164,1167,1169],{"class":988,"line":1159},3,[986,1161,1139],{"class":995},[986,1163,1113],{"class":1029},[986,1165,1166],{"class":999},"42",[986,1168,1153],{"class":1029},[986,1170,1171],{"class":1038},"         \u002F\u002F 替换为 cout \u003C\u003C 42 \u003C\u003C endl;\n",[918,1173,1174],{},"又如：",[977,1176,1178],{"className":979,"code":1177,"language":981,"meta":982,"style":982},"#define SUM(a, b) ((a) + (b))\nint score = SUM(23, 42); \u002F\u002F 替换为 int score = ((23) + (42));\n",[922,1179,1180,1219],{"__ignoreMap":982},[986,1181,1182,1184,1187,1189,1192,1195,1198,1200,1203,1205,1207,1210,1213,1216],{"class":988,"line":989},[986,1183,933],{"class":992},[986,1185,1186],{"class":995}," SUM",[986,1188,1113],{"class":1029},[986,1190,1191],{"class":1116},"a",[986,1193,1194],{"class":1029},",",[986,1196,1197],{"class":1116}," b",[986,1199,1120],{"class":1029},[986,1201,1202],{"class":1029}," ((",[986,1204,1191],{"class":1025},[986,1206,1120],{"class":1029},[986,1208,1209],{"class":1029}," +",[986,1211,1212],{"class":1029}," (",[986,1214,1215],{"class":1025},"b",[986,1217,1218],{"class":1029},"))\n",[986,1220,1221,1223,1226,1229,1231,1233,1236,1238,1241,1243],{"class":988,"line":1042},[986,1222,1022],{"class":1021},[986,1224,1225],{"class":1025}," score ",[986,1227,1228],{"class":1029},"=",[986,1230,1186],{"class":995},[986,1232,1113],{"class":1029},[986,1234,1235],{"class":999},"23",[986,1237,1194],{"class":1029},[986,1239,1240],{"class":999}," 42",[986,1242,1153],{"class":1029},[986,1244,1245],{"class":1038}," \u002F\u002F 替换为 int score = ((23) + (42));\n",[918,1247,1248],{},"形参列表可以不限定长度，使用省略号即可：",[954,1250,1251],{},[918,1252,1253],{},"\"#define\" 宏名\"(\"形参列表\", ...)\" 带形参的替换文本\n\"#define\" 宏名\"(...)\" 替换文本",[918,1255,1256,1257,1260],{},"你可以使用 ",[922,1258,1259],{},"__VA_ARGS__"," 这个标识符来指代省略号所省略的内容（可以为空）。比如：",[977,1262,1264],{"className":979,"code":1263,"language":981,"meta":982,"style":982},"#define INT_ARRAY(name, len, ...) int name[len]{ __VA_ARGS__ }\nINT_ARRAY(bar, 10, 3, 4, 5, 6); \u002F\u002F 替换为 int bar[10]{ 3, 4, 5, 6 };\n",[922,1265,1266,1309],{"__ignoreMap":982},[986,1267,1268,1270,1273,1275,1278,1280,1283,1285,1288,1291,1294,1296,1299,1302,1306],{"class":988,"line":989},[986,1269,933],{"class":992},[986,1271,1272],{"class":995}," INT_ARRAY",[986,1274,1113],{"class":1029},[986,1276,1277],{"class":1116},"name",[986,1279,1194],{"class":1029},[986,1281,1282],{"class":1116}," len",[986,1284,1194],{"class":1029},[986,1286,1287],{"class":1029}," ...)",[986,1289,1290],{"class":1021}," int",[986,1292,1293],{"class":1025}," name",[986,1295,1030],{"class":1029},[986,1297,1298],{"class":1025},"len",[986,1300,1301],{"class":1029},"]{",[986,1303,1305],{"class":1304},"sBMFI"," __VA_ARGS__",[986,1307,1308],{"class":1029}," }\n",[986,1310,1311,1314,1316,1319,1321,1324,1326,1329,1331,1334,1336,1339,1341,1344,1346],{"class":988,"line":1042},[986,1312,1313],{"class":995},"INT_ARRAY",[986,1315,1113],{"class":1029},[986,1317,1318],{"class":1025},"bar",[986,1320,1194],{"class":1029},[986,1322,1323],{"class":999}," 10",[986,1325,1194],{"class":1029},[986,1327,1328],{"class":999}," 3",[986,1330,1194],{"class":1029},[986,1332,1333],{"class":999}," 4",[986,1335,1194],{"class":1029},[986,1337,1338],{"class":999}," 5",[986,1340,1194],{"class":1029},[986,1342,1343],{"class":999}," 6",[986,1345,1153],{"class":1029},[986,1347,1348],{"class":1038}," \u002F\u002F 替换为 int bar[10]{ 3, 4, 5, 6 };\n",[918,1350,1351,1352,934,1354,1356,1357,934,1360,1363],{},"注意：仿函数宏的实参只识别 ",[922,1353,1113],{},[922,1355,1120],{},"，而不识别 ",[922,1358,1359],{},"\u003C",[922,1361,1362],{},">","。这意味着将模板实参作为宏实参可能会被错误地替换。",[977,1365,1367],{"className":979,"code":1366,"language":981,"meta":982,"style":982},"#define F(a, b) \u002F* ... *\u002F\nF(std::pair\u003Cint, int>, int); \u002F\u002F 错误：参数个数不匹配\n                             \u002F\u002F a 替换为 std::pair\u003Cint\n                             \u002F\u002F b 替换为 int>\n                             \u002F\u002F 出现多余的实参 int\n",[922,1368,1369,1389,1423,1428,1434],{"__ignoreMap":982},[986,1370,1371,1373,1376,1378,1380,1382,1384,1386],{"class":988,"line":989},[986,1372,933],{"class":992},[986,1374,1375],{"class":995}," F",[986,1377,1113],{"class":1029},[986,1379,1191],{"class":1116},[986,1381,1194],{"class":1029},[986,1383,1197],{"class":1116},[986,1385,1120],{"class":1029},[986,1387,1388],{"class":1038}," \u002F* ... *\u002F\n",[986,1390,1391,1394,1396,1399,1402,1405,1407,1409,1411,1413,1416,1418,1420],{"class":988,"line":1042},[986,1392,1393],{"class":995},"F",[986,1395,1113],{"class":1029},[986,1397,1398],{"class":1304},"std",[986,1400,1401],{"class":1029},"::",[986,1403,1404],{"class":1025},"pair",[986,1406,1359],{"class":1029},[986,1408,1022],{"class":1021},[986,1410,1194],{"class":1029},[986,1412,1290],{"class":1021},[986,1414,1415],{"class":1029},">,",[986,1417,1290],{"class":1021},[986,1419,1153],{"class":1029},[986,1421,1422],{"class":1038}," \u002F\u002F 错误：参数个数不匹配\n",[986,1424,1425],{"class":988,"line":1159},[986,1426,1427],{"class":1038},"                             \u002F\u002F a 替换为 std::pair\u003Cint\n",[986,1429,1431],{"class":988,"line":1430},4,[986,1432,1433],{"class":1038},"                             \u002F\u002F b 替换为 int>\n",[986,1435,1437],{"class":988,"line":1436},5,[986,1438,1439],{"class":1038},"                             \u002F\u002F 出现多余的实参 int\n",[950,1441,1443,1445],{"id":1442},"运算符",[922,1444,924],{}," 运算符",[954,1447,1448],{},[918,1449,1450],{},"\"#\"宏形参",[918,1452,1453,1454,1456,1457,1461],{},"在宏替换中， ",[922,1455,924],{}," 运算符可以将这个形参的文本",[1458,1459,1460],"strong",{},"用双引号引起","，使之成为一个字符串字面量。举例来说：",[977,1463,1465],{"className":979,"code":1464,"language":981,"meta":982,"style":982},"#define PRINT1(a) cout \u003C\u003C a \u003C\u003C endl\n#define PRINT2(a) cout \u003C\u003C #a \u003C\u003C endl\nPRINT1(number);   \u002F\u002F 替换为 cout \u003C\u003C number \u003C\u003C endl;\nPRINT2(number);   \u002F\u002F 替换为 cout \u003C\u003C \"number\" \u003C\u003C endl;\nPRINT2(\"Hello\");  \u002F\u002F 替换为 cout \u003C\u003C \"\\\"Hello\\\"\" \u003C\u003C endl;\n",[922,1466,1467,1491,1515,1530,1544],{"__ignoreMap":982},[986,1468,1469,1471,1474,1476,1478,1480,1482,1484,1487,1489],{"class":988,"line":989},[986,1470,933],{"class":992},[986,1472,1473],{"class":995}," PRINT1",[986,1475,1113],{"class":1029},[986,1477,1191],{"class":1116},[986,1479,1120],{"class":1029},[986,1481,1123],{"class":1025},[986,1483,1126],{"class":1029},[986,1485,1486],{"class":1025}," a ",[986,1488,1126],{"class":1029},[986,1490,1134],{"class":1025},[986,1492,1493,1495,1498,1500,1502,1504,1506,1508,1511,1513],{"class":988,"line":1042},[986,1494,933],{"class":992},[986,1496,1497],{"class":995}," PRINT2",[986,1499,1113],{"class":1029},[986,1501,1191],{"class":1116},[986,1503,1120],{"class":1029},[986,1505,1123],{"class":1025},[986,1507,1126],{"class":1029},[986,1509,1510],{"class":1025}," #a ",[986,1512,1126],{"class":1029},[986,1514,1134],{"class":1025},[986,1516,1517,1520,1522,1525,1527],{"class":988,"line":1159},[986,1518,1519],{"class":995},"PRINT1",[986,1521,1113],{"class":1029},[986,1523,1524],{"class":1025},"number",[986,1526,1153],{"class":1029},[986,1528,1529],{"class":1038},"   \u002F\u002F 替换为 cout \u003C\u003C number \u003C\u003C endl;\n",[986,1531,1532,1535,1537,1539,1541],{"class":988,"line":1430},[986,1533,1534],{"class":995},"PRINT2",[986,1536,1113],{"class":1029},[986,1538,1524],{"class":1025},[986,1540,1153],{"class":1029},[986,1542,1543],{"class":1038},"   \u002F\u002F 替换为 cout \u003C\u003C \"number\" \u003C\u003C endl;\n",[986,1545,1546,1548,1550,1552,1554,1556,1558],{"class":988,"line":1436},[986,1547,1534],{"class":995},[986,1549,1113],{"class":1029},[986,1551,1144],{"class":1029},[986,1553,1148],{"class":1147},[986,1555,1144],{"class":1029},[986,1557,1153],{"class":1029},[986,1559,1560],{"class":1038},"  \u002F\u002F 替换为 cout \u003C\u003C \"\\\"Hello\\\"\" \u003C\u003C endl;\n",[950,1562,1564,1445],{"id":1563},"运算符-1",[922,1565,1566],{},"##",[954,1568,1569],{},[918,1570,1571],{},"左侧文本或形参\"##\"右侧文本或形参",[918,1573,1574,1576,1577,1580],{},[922,1575,1566],{}," 可以将文本和形参",[1458,1578,1579],{},"紧密地、无空格地粘贴","在一起。这一运算符可以用于：形成更长的变量名、组成更多位数的算术类型字面量、组合为复合赋值运算符等。但不能用于创建注释。例如：",[977,1582,1584],{"className":979,"code":1583,"language":981,"meta":982,"style":982},"#define STICK(a, b) (a##b)\nint x = STICK(123, 456) \u002F\u002F 替换为 int x = (123456);\n",[922,1585,1586,1611],{"__ignoreMap":982},[986,1587,1588,1590,1593,1595,1597,1599,1601,1603,1605,1608],{"class":988,"line":989},[986,1589,933],{"class":992},[986,1591,1592],{"class":995}," STICK",[986,1594,1113],{"class":1029},[986,1596,1191],{"class":1116},[986,1598,1194],{"class":1029},[986,1600,1197],{"class":1116},[986,1602,1120],{"class":1029},[986,1604,1212],{"class":1029},[986,1606,1607],{"class":1025},"a##b",[986,1609,1610],{"class":1029},")\n",[986,1612,1613,1615,1618,1620,1622,1624,1627,1629,1632,1634],{"class":988,"line":1042},[986,1614,1022],{"class":1021},[986,1616,1617],{"class":1025}," x ",[986,1619,1228],{"class":1029},[986,1621,1592],{"class":995},[986,1623,1113],{"class":1029},[986,1625,1626],{"class":999},"123",[986,1628,1194],{"class":1029},[986,1630,1631],{"class":999}," 456",[986,1633,1120],{"class":1029},[986,1635,1636],{"class":1038}," \u002F\u002F 替换为 int x = (123456);\n",[950,1638,1640,1445],{"id":1639},"__va_opt__-运算符",[922,1641,1642],{},"__VA_OPT__",[954,1644,1645],{},[918,1646,1144,1647,1650],{},[1458,1648,1649],{},"VA_OPT","(\"文本\")\"",[918,1652,1653,1654,1656,1657,1659,1660,1662,1663,1666,1667,1669],{},"当使用 ",[922,1655,1259],{}," 时，允许在替换文本中出现 ",[922,1658,1642],{}," 运算符。该运算符的含义是，如果 ",[922,1661,1259],{}," 为空字符串，则在最终替换结果中删去 ",[922,1664,1665],{},"@文本@","，否则在最终替换结果中保留 ",[922,1668,1665],{},"。例如：",[977,1671,1673],{"className":979,"code":1672,"language":981,"meta":982,"style":982},"#define G(...) f(0 __VA_OPT__(,) __VA_ARGS__)\nG(1, 2); \u002F\u002F 替换为 f(0, 1, 2);\nG();     \u002F\u002F 替换为 f(0); ，注意没有多余的逗号\n",[922,1674,1675,1703,1723],{"__ignoreMap":982},[986,1676,1677,1679,1682,1685,1688,1690,1693,1696,1699,1701],{"class":988,"line":989},[986,1678,933],{"class":992},[986,1680,1681],{"class":995}," G",[986,1683,1684],{"class":1029},"(...)",[986,1686,1687],{"class":995}," f",[986,1689,1113],{"class":1029},[986,1691,1692],{"class":999},"0",[986,1694,1695],{"class":995}," __VA_OPT__",[986,1697,1698],{"class":1029},"(,)",[986,1700,1305],{"class":1304},[986,1702,1610],{"class":1029},[986,1704,1705,1708,1710,1713,1715,1718,1720],{"class":988,"line":1042},[986,1706,1707],{"class":995},"G",[986,1709,1113],{"class":1029},[986,1711,1712],{"class":999},"1",[986,1714,1194],{"class":1029},[986,1716,1717],{"class":999}," 2",[986,1719,1153],{"class":1029},[986,1721,1722],{"class":1038}," \u002F\u002F 替换为 f(0, 1, 2);\n",[986,1724,1725,1727,1730],{"class":988,"line":1159},[986,1726,1707],{"class":995},[986,1728,1729],{"class":1029},"();",[986,1731,1732],{"class":1038},"     \u002F\u002F 替换为 f(0); ，注意没有多余的逗号\n",[918,1734,1735,1736,1738,1739,1742,1743,1745],{},"除了 ",[922,1737,1642],{}," 运算符，还有一种扩展语法：当替换文本中出现 ",[922,1740,1741],{},",##__VA_ARGS__"," 时，则在 ",[922,1744,1259],{}," 为空字符串时删去开头的逗号。尽管大多数编译器都启用此扩展，但它并不标准。",[950,1747,1748],{"id":1748},"一些编译器预定义的宏",[1750,1751,1752,1765],"table",{},[1753,1754,1755],"thead",{},[1756,1757,1758,1762],"tr",{},[1759,1760,1761],"th",{},"宏名",[1759,1763,1764],{},"含义",[1766,1767,1768,1799,1809,1819,1829],"tbody",{},[1756,1769,1770,1776],{},[1771,1772,1773],"td",{},[922,1774,1775],{},"__cplusplus",[1771,1777,1778,1779,1782,1783,1786,1787,1790,1791,1794,1795,1798],{},"代表所用的 C++ 标准版本，定义为值 ",[922,1780,1781],{},"199711L"," (C++98)、",[922,1784,1785],{},"201103L"," (C++11)、",[922,1788,1789],{},"201402L"," (C++14)、 ",[922,1792,1793],{},"201703L"," (C++17) 或 ",[922,1796,1797],{},"202002L","（C++20）。",[1756,1800,1801,1806],{},[1771,1802,1803],{},[922,1804,1805],{},"__FILE__",[1771,1807,1808],{},"定义为当前源文件名。",[1756,1810,1811,1816],{},[1771,1812,1813],{},[922,1814,1815],{},"__LINE__",[1771,1817,1818],{},"定义为当前源文件行号",[1756,1820,1821,1826],{},[1771,1822,1823],{},[922,1824,1825],{},"__DATE__",[1771,1827,1828],{},"定义为编译日期，形式为 \"Mmm dd yyyy\" 的字符串字面量。",[1756,1830,1831,1836],{},[1771,1832,1833],{},[922,1834,1835],{},"__TIME__",[1771,1837,1838],{},"定义为时间，形式为 \"hh:mm:ss\" 的字符串字面量。",[918,1840,1841,1842,1844],{},"你可以随时通过 ",[922,1843,937],{}," 来取消某个宏定义。",[954,1846,1847],{},[918,1848,1849],{},"\"#undef\" 宏名",[927,1851,1853,1854,934,1857,934,1860,934,1863,934,1866,934,1869,938],{"id":1852},"条件编译-if-elif-else-endif-ifdef-ifndef","条件编译（ ",[922,1855,1856],{},"#if",[922,1858,1859],{},"#elif",[922,1861,1862],{},"#else",[922,1864,1865],{},"#endif",[922,1867,1868],{},"#ifdef",[922,1870,1871],{},"#ifndef",[918,1873,1874],{},"条件编译是指编译器选择性地编译某一部分而不编译其它部分。",[954,1876,1877],{},[918,1878,1879,1880,1883],{},"\"#if\" 常量表达式\n代码1\n",[986,1881,1882],{},"\"#else\"\n代码2","\n\"#endif\"",[918,1885,1886,1887,1889,1890,1893,1894,1897,1898,1889,1900,1893,1902,1904,1905,1907,1908,1910],{},"若常量表达式为非 ",[922,1888,1692],{}," 值，则编译 ",[922,1891,1892],{},"@代码1@"," 但不编译 ",[922,1895,1896],{},"@代码2@"," ；反之若常量表达式为 ",[922,1899,1692],{},[922,1901,1896],{},[922,1903,1892],{}," 。当然， ",[922,1906,1862],{}," 即 ",[922,1909,1896],{}," 是可以省略的。例如：",[977,1912,1914],{"className":979,"code":1913,"language":981,"meta":982,"style":982},"#if __cplusplus >= 201103L\nint* ptr = nullptr;\n#else\nint* ptr = NULL;\n#endif\n",[922,1915,1916,1929,1944,1949,1962],{"__ignoreMap":982},[986,1917,1918,1920,1923,1926],{"class":988,"line":989},[986,1919,1856],{"class":992},[986,1921,1922],{"class":1304}," __cplusplus",[986,1924,1925],{"class":1029}," >=",[986,1927,1928],{"class":999}," 201103L\n",[986,1930,1931,1933,1936,1939,1941],{"class":988,"line":1042},[986,1932,1022],{"class":1021},[986,1934,1935],{"class":1029},"*",[986,1937,1938],{"class":1025}," ptr ",[986,1940,1228],{"class":1029},[986,1942,1943],{"class":1029}," nullptr;\n",[986,1945,1946],{"class":988,"line":1159},[986,1947,1948],{"class":992},"#else\n",[986,1950,1951,1953,1955,1957,1959],{"class":988,"line":1430},[986,1952,1022],{"class":1021},[986,1954,1935],{"class":1029},[986,1956,1938],{"class":1025},[986,1958,1228],{"class":1029},[986,1960,1961],{"class":1029}," NULL;\n",[986,1963,1964],{"class":988,"line":1436},[986,1965,1966],{"class":992},"#endif\n",[918,1968,1969,1970,1973,1974,1976],{},"如果连续多个 ",[922,1971,1972],{},"#else #if"," ，可以使用 ",[922,1975,1859],{}," 来简化。",[950,1978,1980,1445],{"id":1979},"defined-运算符",[922,1981,1982],{},"defined",[918,1984,1985,1987],{},[922,1986,1982],{}," 运算符可以返回当前环境是否定义了某个宏。",[954,1989,1990],{},[918,1991,1992],{},"\"defined\" 宏名\n\"defined(\"宏名\")\"",[918,1994,1995,1996,1998,1999,2001],{},"若宏存在，则值为 ",[922,1997,1712],{}," ；若宏不存在，则值为 ",[922,2000,1692],{}," 。比如：",[977,2003,2005],{"className":979,"code":2004,"language":981,"meta":982,"style":982},"#if defined(ONLINE_JUDGE)    \u002F\u002F 若ONLINE_JUDGE宏被定义\nfreopen(\"1.out\",\"w\",stdout); \u002F\u002F 则重定向到文件输出\n#endif\n",[922,2006,2007,2024,2057],{"__ignoreMap":982},[986,2008,2009,2011,2014,2016,2019,2021],{"class":988,"line":989},[986,2010,1856],{"class":992},[986,2012,2013],{"class":992}," defined",[986,2015,1113],{"class":1029},[986,2017,2018],{"class":995},"ONLINE_JUDGE",[986,2020,1120],{"class":1029},[986,2022,2023],{"class":1038},"    \u002F\u002F 若ONLINE_JUDGE宏被定义\n",[986,2025,2026,2029,2031,2033,2036,2038,2040,2042,2045,2047,2049,2052,2054],{"class":988,"line":1042},[986,2027,2028],{"class":995},"freopen",[986,2030,1113],{"class":1029},[986,2032,1144],{"class":1029},[986,2034,2035],{"class":1147},"1.out",[986,2037,1144],{"class":1029},[986,2039,1194],{"class":1029},[986,2041,1144],{"class":1029},[986,2043,2044],{"class":1147},"w",[986,2046,1144],{"class":1029},[986,2048,1194],{"class":1029},[986,2050,2051],{"class":1025},"stdout",[986,2053,1153],{"class":1029},[986,2055,2056],{"class":1038}," \u002F\u002F 则重定向到文件输出\n",[986,2058,2059],{"class":988,"line":1159},[986,2060,1966],{"class":992},[918,2062,2063,2064,2066,2067,2070,2071,2066,2073,2076],{},"另外， ",[922,2065,1868],{}," 等价于 ",[922,2068,2069],{},"#if defined"," ， ",[922,2072,1871],{},[922,2074,2075],{},"#if !defined"," 。它们的用法是：",[954,2078,2079],{},[918,2080,2081],{},"\"#ifdef\" 宏名\n\"#ifndef\" 宏名",[927,2083,2085,2086,938],{"id":2084},"包含文件-include","包含文件（ ",[922,2087,2088],{},"#include",[918,2090,2091,2093,2094,2096,2097,2099],{},[922,2092,2088],{}," 指令可以把某个源文件直接插入进指令所在的位置。当文件编译时，将不断递归地展开 ",[922,2095,2088],{}," 指令，直至不存在",[922,2098,2088],{}," 指令。其语法如下：",[954,2101,2102],{},[918,2103,2104],{},"\"#include \u003C\"头文件名\">\"\n\"#include \"\"文件名\"\"\"",[918,2106,2107,2108,2111,2112,934,2115,934,2118,2121,2122,934,2125,2128,2129,2132,2133,934,2136,2139,2140,2128,2143,2146,2147,2151,2152,2154],{},"其中，用尖括号（ ",[922,2109,2110],{},"\u003C>"," ）包括的文件名将优先在系统库文件中查找，而用引号引起的文件名将优先在当前源文件所在的路径中查找。\n我们经常使用的  ",[922,2113,2114],{},"\u003Ciostream>",[922,2116,2117],{},"\u003Ccmath>",[922,2119,2120],{},"\u003Ciomanip>"," 等库，都是位于系统库路径的名为",[922,2123,2124],{},"iostream",[922,2126,2127],{},"cmath"," 和 ",[922,2130,2131],{},"iomanip"," 的文件，其中声明（或定义）了常用的变量、函数或者其他对象：比如 ",[922,2134,2135],{},"cin",[922,2137,2138],{},"cout","  ",[922,2141,2142],{},"sqrt",[922,2144,2145],{},"setw"," 等等。在一些文本编辑器中，你可以按下 ",[2148,2149,2150],"kbd",{},"Ctrl"," 键的同时点击 ",[922,2153,2088],{}," 指令，就可以查看这些头文件。",[927,2156,2158,2159,938],{"id":2157},"引发错误-error","引发错误（ ",[922,2160,2161],{},"#error",[918,2163,2164],{},"你可以手动地引发一个编译错误，通过这样的语法：",[954,2166,2167],{},[918,2168,2169],{},"\"#error\" 错误信息",[918,2171,2172],{},"但凡编译到此指令编译器将停止编译，并将错误信息输出。",[927,2174,2176,2177,934,2180,938],{"id":2175},"设置编译器-pragma-line","设置编译器（ ",[922,2178,2179],{},"#pragma",[922,2181,2182],{},"#line",[954,2184,2185],{},[918,2186,2187],{},"\"#pragma\" 某些参数",[918,2189,2190],{},"你可以通过某些参数去修改编译器的行为（比如静态链接等）。具体的参数语法和形式各有不同，可以参照编译器的说明文档。",[918,2192,2193,2194,2128,2197,2200],{},"常见的通用语法有 ",[922,2195,2196],{},"#pragma once",[922,2198,2199],{},"#pragma pack","。",[918,2202,2203,2206,2207,2209],{},[922,2204,2205],{},"#pragama once"," 指定这个文件只能被 ",[922,2208,2088],{}," 一次，也就是说等价于",[977,2211,2213],{"className":979,"code":2212,"language":981,"meta":982,"style":982},"#ifndef LIBRARY_FILENAME_H\n#define LIBRARY_FILENAME_H\n\n\u002F\u002F [...] 文件内容\n\n#endif \u002F\u002F LIBRARY_FILENAME_H\n",[922,2214,2215,2222,2228,2234,2239,2243],{"__ignoreMap":982},[986,2216,2217,2219],{"class":988,"line":989},[986,2218,1871],{"class":992},[986,2220,2221],{"class":995}," LIBRARY_FILENAME_H\n",[986,2223,2224,2226],{"class":988,"line":1042},[986,2225,933],{"class":992},[986,2227,2221],{"class":995},[986,2229,2230],{"class":988,"line":1159},[986,2231,2233],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2232},true,"\n",[986,2235,2236],{"class":988,"line":1430},[986,2237,2238],{"class":1038},"\u002F\u002F [...] 文件内容\n",[986,2240,2241],{"class":988,"line":1436},[986,2242,2233],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2232},[986,2244,2246,2248],{"class":988,"line":2245},6,[986,2247,1865],{"class":992},[986,2249,2250],{"class":1038}," \u002F\u002F LIBRARY_FILENAME_H\n",[918,2252,2253,2255,2256,2262,2263,2266,2267,2269],{},[922,2254,2199],{}," 指定接下来定义的结构体的",[1191,2257,2261],{"href":2258,"rel":2259},"https:\u002F\u002Fzh.cppreference.com\u002Fw\u002Fcpp\u002Flanguage\u002Fobject#.E5.AF.B9.E9.BD.90",[2260],"nofollow","对齐","。虽然 ",[922,2264,2265],{},"alignas"," 修饰也可以指定对齐，但它只能让对齐更严格（值更大），而 ",[922,2268,2199],{}," 可以指定更宽松的对齐要求。",[954,2271,2272],{},[918,2273,2274],{},"\"#pragma pack(\"对齐\")\"\n\"#pragma pack()\"",[918,2276,2277,2279,2280,2283,2284,2200,2286,2289],{},[922,2278,2199],{}," 可接受一个参数 ",[922,2281,2282],{},"@对齐@","，它需要是 2 的整数次幂。当写下这条预处理指令后，之后的结构体对齐皆设置为 ",[922,2285,2282],{},[922,2287,2288],{},"#pragma pack()"," 取消此设置，恢复默认对齐。比如：",[977,2291,2293],{"className":979,"code":2292,"language":981,"meta":982,"style":982},"#include \u003Ciostream>\nusing namespace std;\n#pragma pack(2)\nstruct X {\n    int32_t n;\n    int32_t m;\n    int16_t c;\n};\n#pragma pack()\nint main() {\n    cout \u003C\u003C alignof(X) \u003C\u003C endl; \u002F\u002F 2\n    cout \u003C\u003C sizeof(X) \u003C\u003C endl; \u002F\u002F 10\n}\n",[922,2294,2295,2307,2321,2331,2342,2353,2362,2373,2379,2389,2402,2429,2452],{"__ignoreMap":982},[986,2296,2297,2299,2302,2304],{"class":988,"line":989},[986,2298,2088],{"class":992},[986,2300,2301],{"class":1029}," \u003C",[986,2303,2124],{"class":1147},[986,2305,2306],{"class":1029},">\n",[986,2308,2309,2312,2315,2318],{"class":988,"line":1042},[986,2310,2311],{"class":999},"using",[986,2313,2314],{"class":1021}," namespace",[986,2316,2317],{"class":1304}," std",[986,2319,2320],{"class":1029},";\n",[986,2322,2323,2325,2328],{"class":988,"line":1159},[986,2324,2179],{"class":992},[986,2326,2327],{"class":1021}," pack",[986,2329,2330],{"class":1025},"(2)\n",[986,2332,2333,2336,2339],{"class":988,"line":1430},[986,2334,2335],{"class":1021},"struct",[986,2337,2338],{"class":1304}," X",[986,2340,2341],{"class":1029}," {\n",[986,2343,2344,2347,2351],{"class":988,"line":1436},[986,2345,2346],{"class":1021},"    int32_t",[986,2348,2350],{"class":2349},"swJcz"," n",[986,2352,2320],{"class":1029},[986,2354,2355,2357,2360],{"class":988,"line":2245},[986,2356,2346],{"class":1021},[986,2358,2359],{"class":2349}," m",[986,2361,2320],{"class":1029},[986,2363,2365,2368,2371],{"class":988,"line":2364},7,[986,2366,2367],{"class":1021},"    int16_t",[986,2369,2370],{"class":2349}," c",[986,2372,2320],{"class":1029},[986,2374,2376],{"class":988,"line":2375},8,[986,2377,2378],{"class":1029},"};\n",[986,2380,2382,2384,2386],{"class":988,"line":2381},9,[986,2383,2179],{"class":992},[986,2385,2327],{"class":1021},[986,2387,2388],{"class":1025},"()\n",[986,2390,2392,2394,2397,2400],{"class":988,"line":2391},10,[986,2393,1022],{"class":1021},[986,2395,2396],{"class":995}," main",[986,2398,2399],{"class":1029},"()",[986,2401,2341],{"class":1029},[986,2403,2405,2408,2410,2413,2416,2418,2421,2424,2426],{"class":988,"line":2404},11,[986,2406,2407],{"class":1025},"    cout ",[986,2409,1126],{"class":1029},[986,2411,2412],{"class":1029}," alignof(",[986,2414,2415],{"class":1025},"X",[986,2417,1120],{"class":1029},[986,2419,2420],{"class":1029}," \u003C\u003C",[986,2422,2423],{"class":1025}," endl",[986,2425,1050],{"class":1029},[986,2427,2428],{"class":1038}," \u002F\u002F 2\n",[986,2430,2432,2434,2436,2439,2441,2443,2445,2447,2449],{"class":988,"line":2431},12,[986,2433,2407],{"class":1025},[986,2435,1126],{"class":1029},[986,2437,2438],{"class":1029}," sizeof(",[986,2440,2415],{"class":1025},[986,2442,1120],{"class":1029},[986,2444,2420],{"class":1029},[986,2446,2423],{"class":1025},[986,2448,1050],{"class":1029},[986,2450,2451],{"class":1038}," \u002F\u002F 10\n",[986,2453,2455],{"class":988,"line":2454},13,[986,2456,2457],{"class":1029},"}\n",[918,2459,2460,2461,2464],{},"这里，我使用 ",[922,2462,2463],{},"alignof"," 运算符检查某个类型或对象的对其要求。",[918,2466,2467],{},"但是，如果你使用 GCC 或 Clang，我们更推荐用特性（Attribute）来实现：",[977,2469,2471],{"className":979,"code":2470,"language":981,"meta":982,"style":982},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Ctuple>\nusing namespace std;\nstruct [[using gnu: packed, aligned(2)]] X {\n    int32_t n;\n    int32_t m;\n    int16_t c;\n};\nint main() {\n    cout \u003C\u003C alignof(X) \u003C\u003C endl; \u002F\u002F 2\n    cout \u003C\u003C sizeof(X) \u003C\u003C endl; \u002F\u002F 10\n}\n",[922,2472,2473,2483,2494,2504,2537,2545,2553,2561,2565,2575,2595,2615],{"__ignoreMap":982},[986,2474,2475,2477,2479,2481],{"class":988,"line":989},[986,2476,2088],{"class":992},[986,2478,2301],{"class":1029},[986,2480,2124],{"class":1147},[986,2482,2306],{"class":1029},[986,2484,2485,2487,2489,2492],{"class":988,"line":1042},[986,2486,2088],{"class":992},[986,2488,2301],{"class":1029},[986,2490,2491],{"class":1147},"tuple",[986,2493,2306],{"class":1029},[986,2495,2496,2498,2500,2502],{"class":988,"line":1159},[986,2497,2311],{"class":999},[986,2499,2314],{"class":1021},[986,2501,2317],{"class":1304},[986,2503,2320],{"class":1029},[986,2505,2506,2508,2511,2513,2516,2519,2522,2524,2527,2530,2533,2535],{"class":988,"line":1430},[986,2507,2335],{"class":1021},[986,2509,2510],{"class":1029}," [[",[986,2512,2311],{"class":999},[986,2514,2515],{"class":1304}," gnu",[986,2517,2518],{"class":1029},":",[986,2520,2521],{"class":1304}," packed",[986,2523,1194],{"class":1029},[986,2525,2526],{"class":1304}," aligned",[986,2528,2529],{"class":2349},"(2)",[986,2531,2532],{"class":1029},"]]",[986,2534,2338],{"class":1304},[986,2536,2341],{"class":1029},[986,2538,2539,2541,2543],{"class":988,"line":1436},[986,2540,2346],{"class":1021},[986,2542,2350],{"class":2349},[986,2544,2320],{"class":1029},[986,2546,2547,2549,2551],{"class":988,"line":2245},[986,2548,2346],{"class":1021},[986,2550,2359],{"class":2349},[986,2552,2320],{"class":1029},[986,2554,2555,2557,2559],{"class":988,"line":2364},[986,2556,2367],{"class":1021},[986,2558,2370],{"class":2349},[986,2560,2320],{"class":1029},[986,2562,2563],{"class":988,"line":2375},[986,2564,2378],{"class":1029},[986,2566,2567,2569,2571,2573],{"class":988,"line":2381},[986,2568,1022],{"class":1021},[986,2570,2396],{"class":995},[986,2572,2399],{"class":1029},[986,2574,2341],{"class":1029},[986,2576,2577,2579,2581,2583,2585,2587,2589,2591,2593],{"class":988,"line":2391},[986,2578,2407],{"class":1025},[986,2580,1126],{"class":1029},[986,2582,2412],{"class":1029},[986,2584,2415],{"class":1025},[986,2586,1120],{"class":1029},[986,2588,2420],{"class":1029},[986,2590,2423],{"class":1025},[986,2592,1050],{"class":1029},[986,2594,2428],{"class":1038},[986,2596,2597,2599,2601,2603,2605,2607,2609,2611,2613],{"class":988,"line":2404},[986,2598,2407],{"class":1025},[986,2600,1126],{"class":1029},[986,2602,2438],{"class":1029},[986,2604,2415],{"class":1025},[986,2606,1120],{"class":1029},[986,2608,2420],{"class":1029},[986,2610,2423],{"class":1025},[986,2612,1050],{"class":1029},[986,2614,2451],{"class":1038},[986,2616,2617],{"class":988,"line":2431},[986,2618,2457],{"class":1029},[918,2620,2621,2623],{},[922,2622,2182],{}," 用于覆盖设置当前的行号或者当前的文件名。此语法一般用于机器生成的代码。",[954,2625,2626],{},[918,2627,2628],{},"\"#line\" 行号\n\"#line\" 行号\"\"\"文件名\"\"\"",[2630,2631,2632],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .s7zQu, html code.shiki .s7zQu{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s2Zo4, html code.shiki .s2Zo4{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#82AAFF;--shiki-dark:#82AAFF}html pre.shiki code .sbssI, html code.shiki .sbssI{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#F78C6C;--shiki-dark:#F78C6C}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki 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.sBMFI{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}html pre.shiki code .swJcz, html code.shiki .swJcz{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#F07178;--shiki-dark:#F07178}",{"title":982,"searchDepth":989,"depth":1042,"links":2634},[2635,2648,2653,2655,2657],{"id":929,"depth":1042,"text":2636,"children":2637},"宏（ #define #undef ）",[2638,2639,2640,2641,2643,2645,2647],{"id":952,"depth":1159,"text":952},{"id":1056,"depth":1159,"text":1057},{"id":1080,"depth":1159,"text":1080},{"id":1442,"depth":1159,"text":2642},"# 运算符",{"id":1563,"depth":1159,"text":2644},"## 运算符",{"id":1639,"depth":1159,"text":2646},"__VA_OPT__ 运算符",{"id":1748,"depth":1159,"text":1748},{"id":1852,"depth":1042,"text":2649,"children":2650},"条件编译（ #if #elif #else #endif #ifdef #ifndef ）",[2651],{"id":1979,"depth":1159,"text":2652},"defined 运算符",{"id":2084,"depth":1042,"text":2654},"包含文件（ #include ）",{"id":2157,"depth":1042,"text":2656},"引发错误（ #error ）",{"id":2175,"depth":1042,"text":2658},"设置编译器（ #pragma #line ）","md",null,{},{"icon":6},{"title":29,"description":29},"zj-92VzER86cu3M8LAl--IAUPwNNOWgTxgSEwXPM2EI",[2666,2667],{"title":25,"path":26,"stem":27,"description":25,"icon":6,"children":-1},{"title":33,"path":34,"stem":35,"description":33,"icon":6,"children":-1},1784618088003]